bio 210 lecture exam 1
4 most common elements in the human body: - ANS -nitrogen, hydrogen, oxygen, carbon
\acid - ANS -proton donor
\acids - ANS -neutralized by adding a base
\Active processes of membrane transport require - ANS -energy
\Active transport - ANS -movement of a substance to increase the concentration gradient
\Adenine and guanine - ANS -purines
\Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) - ANS -central molecule in chemical energy transfer within cells,
release energy when broken
\amino acids - ANS -20 in total, linked by peptide bonds
\an acid dissociates in water to produce - ANS -H+ and an anion
\Anatomy - ANS -studies the form and structure of the body.
\anchoring sites - ANS -secure cytoskeleton to plasma membrane
\Anions - ANS -ions with a negative charge, gain an electron
\Atom - ANS -smallest particle that exhibits the chemical properties of an element
\Atoms are composed of three subatomic particles - ANS -protons (+), neutrons, electrons (-)
\Atoms with five, six, or seven electrons become - ANS -anions
\Atoms with one, two, or three electrons in valence shell become - ANS -cations
\base - ANS -accepts H+ when added to a solution
\base - ANS -also called a proton acceptor
\bases - ANS -neutralized by adding acid
\bound ribosomes - ANS -bound to the rough ER
\buffers - ANS -help prevent pH changes if excess acid is added
\Cardiovascular physiology - ANS -the functioning of the heart, blood vessels and blood
\cations - ANS -Ions with a positive charge, loosing an electron
\cell adhesion proteins - ANS -perform cell to cell attachments
\Cell division - ANS -Occurs when one cell divides to produce two cells
\Cell gains or loses water with - ANS -osmosis
\cell surface receptors - ANS -bind ligand receptors on another cell
\Cells - ANS -studied through the discipline of cytology, smallest the functional units of the body
\centrosome - ANS -guides cell division which is mitosis and meiosis
\Chemical compounds - ANS -stable associations between two or more elements combines in a
fixed radio
\cholesterol - ANS -strengthens the membrane, protects against temperature extremes
\Cilia - ANS -beating moves mucus and substances toward the throat
\Comparative anatomy - ANS -examines similarities and differences in the anatomy of different
species
\Control center - ANS -component of homeostasis that processes the change that occurred from
the receptor
\Covalent bond - ANS -formed when atoms share electron
\Covalently bonded molecule - ANS -sharing of electrons between atoms
, \cytology - ANS -study of cells
\Cytoplasm - ANS -3 parts, all the stuff inside the cell beside the nucleus, fluid called cytosol,
organelles, inclusions- pigments and proteins that are floating in the cell that aren't big enough
to be organelles
\cytoskeleton - ANS -structural framework of the cell, supports it and gives it its shape, anchors
proteins in plasma membrane
\deoxyribonucleic acid - ANS -DNA double stranded nucleic acid
\Diffusion - ANS -moves from area of greater concentration to area of lesser concentration just
like putting food coloring in water
\disaccharides - ANS -two monosaccharides
\dissociates - ANS -bond between oxygen and hydrogen breaks apart spontaneously, water
dissociates to form ions
\DNA - ANS -is made up of deoxyribose sugar
\eicosanoids - ANS -locally acting hormones
\Embryology - ANS -studies developmental changes from conception to birth
\Endocytosis - ANS -fuses with membrane to release inside the cell, pushed into the cell
\Endoplasmic reticulum - ANS -point of attachment for ribosomes, rough and smooth
\enzymes - ANS -catalyze (speed up) chemical reactions
\Erythrocytes - ANS -with no nuclei
\Exocytosis - ANS -releases substances outside the cell
\Five nitrogenous bases - ANS -adenine, guanine, thymine, cytosine, and uracil
\Flagellum - ANS -moving the cell
\four classes of biomolecules - ANS -lipids, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, proteins
\free ribosomes - ANS -move around to make protein in the cell
\General functions of cells - ANS -maintain integrity and shape of cell, obtain nutrients and form
chemical building blocks
\glucose - ANS -most common monosaccharide, primary nutrient supplying energy to cells,
glycogen Is storage form of glucose
\glycogen - ANS -is the most common in animals, stored in the liver and the skeletal muscles
\glycogenolysis - ANS -broken down from glycogen to form glucose
\glycogensis - ANS -glucose binds to glycogen during this
\glycolipids - ANS -form the coating of sugar on a cells surface
\Glycoproteins - ANS -proteins with carbohydrate attached
\Golgi apparatus - ANS -warehouse of the cell, modification, packaging, and sorting of proteins,
transport of material, formation of secretory vesicles and lysosomes
\Gross anatomy or macroscopic anatomy - ANS -investigates the structure visible to the aided
eye
\head - ANS -hydrophilic
\Histology - ANS -study of tissues
\Homeostasis - ANS -the body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment
\Human body is composed of matter - ANS -solid, liquid, gas that is anything that has mass or
takes up space
\Hypertonic solution - ANS -water moves out of the concentration gradient, gains water in the
cell through osmosis
4 most common elements in the human body: - ANS -nitrogen, hydrogen, oxygen, carbon
\acid - ANS -proton donor
\acids - ANS -neutralized by adding a base
\Active processes of membrane transport require - ANS -energy
\Active transport - ANS -movement of a substance to increase the concentration gradient
\Adenine and guanine - ANS -purines
\Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) - ANS -central molecule in chemical energy transfer within cells,
release energy when broken
\amino acids - ANS -20 in total, linked by peptide bonds
\an acid dissociates in water to produce - ANS -H+ and an anion
\Anatomy - ANS -studies the form and structure of the body.
\anchoring sites - ANS -secure cytoskeleton to plasma membrane
\Anions - ANS -ions with a negative charge, gain an electron
\Atom - ANS -smallest particle that exhibits the chemical properties of an element
\Atoms are composed of three subatomic particles - ANS -protons (+), neutrons, electrons (-)
\Atoms with five, six, or seven electrons become - ANS -anions
\Atoms with one, two, or three electrons in valence shell become - ANS -cations
\base - ANS -accepts H+ when added to a solution
\base - ANS -also called a proton acceptor
\bases - ANS -neutralized by adding acid
\bound ribosomes - ANS -bound to the rough ER
\buffers - ANS -help prevent pH changes if excess acid is added
\Cardiovascular physiology - ANS -the functioning of the heart, blood vessels and blood
\cations - ANS -Ions with a positive charge, loosing an electron
\cell adhesion proteins - ANS -perform cell to cell attachments
\Cell division - ANS -Occurs when one cell divides to produce two cells
\Cell gains or loses water with - ANS -osmosis
\cell surface receptors - ANS -bind ligand receptors on another cell
\Cells - ANS -studied through the discipline of cytology, smallest the functional units of the body
\centrosome - ANS -guides cell division which is mitosis and meiosis
\Chemical compounds - ANS -stable associations between two or more elements combines in a
fixed radio
\cholesterol - ANS -strengthens the membrane, protects against temperature extremes
\Cilia - ANS -beating moves mucus and substances toward the throat
\Comparative anatomy - ANS -examines similarities and differences in the anatomy of different
species
\Control center - ANS -component of homeostasis that processes the change that occurred from
the receptor
\Covalent bond - ANS -formed when atoms share electron
\Covalently bonded molecule - ANS -sharing of electrons between atoms
, \cytology - ANS -study of cells
\Cytoplasm - ANS -3 parts, all the stuff inside the cell beside the nucleus, fluid called cytosol,
organelles, inclusions- pigments and proteins that are floating in the cell that aren't big enough
to be organelles
\cytoskeleton - ANS -structural framework of the cell, supports it and gives it its shape, anchors
proteins in plasma membrane
\deoxyribonucleic acid - ANS -DNA double stranded nucleic acid
\Diffusion - ANS -moves from area of greater concentration to area of lesser concentration just
like putting food coloring in water
\disaccharides - ANS -two monosaccharides
\dissociates - ANS -bond between oxygen and hydrogen breaks apart spontaneously, water
dissociates to form ions
\DNA - ANS -is made up of deoxyribose sugar
\eicosanoids - ANS -locally acting hormones
\Embryology - ANS -studies developmental changes from conception to birth
\Endocytosis - ANS -fuses with membrane to release inside the cell, pushed into the cell
\Endoplasmic reticulum - ANS -point of attachment for ribosomes, rough and smooth
\enzymes - ANS -catalyze (speed up) chemical reactions
\Erythrocytes - ANS -with no nuclei
\Exocytosis - ANS -releases substances outside the cell
\Five nitrogenous bases - ANS -adenine, guanine, thymine, cytosine, and uracil
\Flagellum - ANS -moving the cell
\four classes of biomolecules - ANS -lipids, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, proteins
\free ribosomes - ANS -move around to make protein in the cell
\General functions of cells - ANS -maintain integrity and shape of cell, obtain nutrients and form
chemical building blocks
\glucose - ANS -most common monosaccharide, primary nutrient supplying energy to cells,
glycogen Is storage form of glucose
\glycogen - ANS -is the most common in animals, stored in the liver and the skeletal muscles
\glycogenolysis - ANS -broken down from glycogen to form glucose
\glycogensis - ANS -glucose binds to glycogen during this
\glycolipids - ANS -form the coating of sugar on a cells surface
\Glycoproteins - ANS -proteins with carbohydrate attached
\Golgi apparatus - ANS -warehouse of the cell, modification, packaging, and sorting of proteins,
transport of material, formation of secretory vesicles and lysosomes
\Gross anatomy or macroscopic anatomy - ANS -investigates the structure visible to the aided
eye
\head - ANS -hydrophilic
\Histology - ANS -study of tissues
\Homeostasis - ANS -the body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment
\Human body is composed of matter - ANS -solid, liquid, gas that is anything that has mass or
takes up space
\Hypertonic solution - ANS -water moves out of the concentration gradient, gains water in the
cell through osmosis
