HEALTH PROMOTION THROUGHOUT THE LIFE SPAN, 10TH
EDITION
BY EDELMAN, 9780323761406, COVERING CHAPTERS 1-25 |
INCLUDES RATIONALES
,TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER 01: HEALTH DEFINED: OBJECTIVES FOR PROMOTION AND PREVENTION ........................ 3
CHAPTER 02: EMERGING POPULATIONS AND HEALTH ............................................................................ 15
CHAPTER 03: HEALTH POLICY AND THE DELIVERY SYSTEM.................................................................. 30
CHAPTER 04: THE THERAPEUTIC RELATIONSHIP ...................................................................................... 44
CHAPTER 05: ETHICAL ISSUES RELATED TO HEALTH PROMOTION .................................................... 54
CHAPTER 06: HEALTH PROMOTION AND THE INDIVIDUAL ..................................................................... 64
CHAPTER 07: HEALTH PROMOTION AND THE FAMILY .............................................................................. 77
CHAPTER 08: HEALTH PROMOTION AND THE COMMUNITY .................................................................... 89
CHAPTER 09: SCREENING................................................................................................................................ 103
CHAPTER 10: HEALTH EDUCATION ..................................................................................................................117
CHAPTER 11: NUTRITION COUNSELING FOR HEALTH PROMOTION ...................................................... 131
CHAPTER 12: EXERCISE ..................................................................................................................................... 161
CHAPTER 13: STRESS MANAGEMENT............................................................................................................ 176
CHAPTER 14: COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE STRATEGIES .................................................... 188
CHAPTER 15: OVERVIEW OF GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK .......................................201
CHAPTER 16: THE PRENATAL PERIOD........................................................................................................... 211
CHAPTER 19: PRESCHOOL CHILD .................................................................................................................. 259
CHAPTER 20: SCHOOL-AGE CHILD ............................................................................................................... 274
CHAPTER 21: ADOLESCENT .............................................................................................................................. 291
CHAPTER 22: YOUNG ADULT ...........................................................................................................................305
CHAPTER 23: MIDDLE-AGE ADULT ................................................................................................................319
CHAPTER 24: OLDER ADULT ........................................................................................................................... 333
CHAPTER 25: HEALTH PROMOTION IN THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY ..............................................349
,CHAPTER 01: HEALTH DEFINED: OBJECTIVES FOR PROMOTION
AND PREVENTION
EDELMAN: HEALTH PROMOTION THROUGHOUT THE LIFE SPAN, 10TH EDITION
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. WHICH MODEL OF HEALTH IS MOST LIKELY USED BY A PERSON WHO DOES NOT BELIEVE IN
PREVENTIVE HEALTH CARE?
A. CLINICAL MODEL
B. ROLE PERFORMANCE MODEL
C. ADAPTIVE MODEL
D. EUDAIMONISTIC MODEL
CORRECT ANSWER: A
THE CLINICAL MODEL OF HEALTH VIEWS THE ABSENCE OF SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF
DISEASE AS INDICATIVE OF HEALTH. PEOPLE WHO USE THIS MODEL WAIT UNTIL THEY ARE
VERY SICK TO SEEK CARE.
DIF: COGNITIVE LEVEL: REMEMBER (KNOWLEDGE)
REF: P. 3
2. A PERSON WITH CHRONIC BACK PAIN IS CARED FOR BY HER PRIMARY CARE PROVIDER AS
WELL AS RECEIVES ACUPUNCTURE. WHICH MODEL OF HEALTH DOES THIS PERSON LIKELY
FAVOR?
A. CLINICAL MODEL
B. ROLE PERFORMANCE MODEL
C. ADAPTIVE MODEL
D. EUDAIMONISTIC MODEL
CORRECT ANSWER: D
THE EUDAIMONISTIC MODEL EMBODIES THE INTERACTION AND INTERRELATIONSHIPS
AMONG PHYSICAL, SOCIAL, PSYCHOLOGICAL, AND SPIRITUAL ASPECTS OF LIFE AND THE
ENVIRONMENT IN GOAL ATTAINMENT AND CREATING MEANING IN LIFE. PRACTITIONERS WHO
PRACTICE THE CLINICAL MODEL MAY NOT BE ENOUGH FOR SOMEONE WHO BELIEVES IN THE
,EUDAIMONISTIC MODEL. THOSE WHO BELIEVE IN THE EUDAIMONISTIC MODEL OFTEN LOOK
FOR ALTERNATIVE PROVIDERS OF CARE.
DIF: COGNITIVE LEVEL: APPLY (APPLICATION)
REF: P. 3
3. A STATE OF PHYSICAL, MENTAL, SPIRITUAL, AND SOCIAL FUNCTIONING THAT REALIZES A
PERSON’S POTENTIAL AND IS EXPERIENCED WITHIN A DEVELOPMENTAL CONTEXT IS KNOWN
AS:
A. GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT.
B. HEALTH.
C. FUNCTIONING.
D. HIGH-LEVEL WELLNESS.
CORRECT ANSWER: B
HEALTH IS DEFINED AS A STATE OF PHYSICAL, MENTAL, SPIRITUAL, AND SOCIAL
FUNCTIONING THAT REALIZES A PERSON’S POTENTIAL AND IS EXPERIENCED WITHIN A
DEVELOPMENTAL CONTEXT.
DIF: COGNITIVE LEVEL: REMEMBER (KNOWLEDGE)
REF: P. 5
4. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING BEST DESCRIBES A CLIENT WHO HAS AN ILLNESS?
A. SOMEONE WHO HAS WELL-CONTROLLED DIABETES
B. SOMEONE WITH HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA
C. SOMEONE WITH A HEADACHE
D. SOMEONE WITH CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE WITHOUT ANGINA
CORRECT ANSWER: C
SOMEONE WITH A HEADACHE REPRESENTS A PERSON WITH AN ILLNESS. AN ILLNESS IS
MADE UP OF THE SUBJECTIVE EXPERIENCE OF THE INDIVIDUAL AND THE PHYSICAL
MANIFESTATION OF DISEASE. IT CAN BE DESCRIBED AS A RESPONSE CHARACTERIZED BY A
MISMATCH BETWEEN A PERSON’S NEEDS AND THE RESOURCES AVAILABLE TO MEET THOSE
NEEDS. A PERSON CAN HAVE A DISEASE WITHOUT FEELING ILL. THE OTHER CHOICES
REPRESENT DISEASE.
DIF: COGNITIVE LEVEL: ANALYZE (ANALYSIS)
,REF: P. 6
5. WHICH US REPORT IS CONSIDERED A LANDMARK DOCUMENT IN CREATING A GLOBAL
APPROACH TO HEALTH?
A. THE 1990 HEALTH OBJECTIVES FOR THE NATION: A MIDCOURSE REVIEW
B. HEALTHY PEOPLE 2020
C. HEALTHY PEOPLE 2000
D. THE U.S. SURGEON GENERAL REPORT
CORRECT ANSWER: C
HEALTHY PEOPLE 2000 AND ITS MIDCOURSE REVIEW AND 1995 REVISIONS WERE LANDMARK
DOCUMENTS IN WHICH A CONSORTIUM OF PEOPLE REPRESENTING NATIONAL
ORGANIZATIONS WORKED WITH US PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE OFFICIALS TO CREATE A MORE
GLOBAL APPROACH TO HEALTH.
DIF: COGNITIVE LEVEL: REMEMBER (KNOWLEDGE)
REF: P. 6
6. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING REPRESENTS A METHOD OF PRIMARY PREVENTION?
A. INFORMATIONAL SESSION ABOUT HEALTHY LIFESTYLES
B. BLOOD PRESSURE SCREENING
C. INTERVENTIONAL CARDIAC CATHETERIZATION
D. DIAGNOSTIC CARDIAC CATHETERIZATION
CORRECT ANSWER: A
PRIMARY PREVENTION PRECEDES DISEASE OR DYSFUNCTION. IT INCLUDES HEALTH
PROMOTION AND SPECIFIC PROTECTION AND ENCOURAGES INCREASED AWARENESS; THUS,
EDUCATION ABOUT HEALTHY LIFESTYLES FITS THIS DEFINITION. BLOOD PRESSURE
SCREENING DOES NOT PREVENT DISEASE, BUT INSTEAD IDENTIFIES IT.
DIF: COGNITIVE LEVEL: APPLY (APPLICATION)
REF: P. 11
7. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING REPRESENTS A METHOD OF SECONDARY PREVENTION?
A. SELF–BREAST EXAMINATION EDUCATION
,B. YEARLY MAMMOGRAMS
C. CHEMOTHERAPY FOR ADVANCED BREAST CANCER
D. COMPLETE MASTECTOMY FOR BREAST CANCER
CORRECT ANSWER: B
SCREENING IS SECONDARY PREVENTION BECAUSE THE PRINCIPAL GOAL OF SCREENINGS IS
TO IDENTIFY INDIVIDUALS IN AN EARLY, DETECTABLE STAGE OF THE DISEASE PROCESS. A
MAMMOGRAM IS A SCREENING TOOL FOR BREAST CANCER AND THUS IS CONSIDERED A
METHOD OF SECONDARY PREVENTION.
DIF: COGNITIVE LEVEL: APPLY (APPLICATION)
REF: P. 15
8. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING REPRESENTS A METHOD OF TERTIARY PREVENTION?
A. DRUNK DRIVING CAMPAIGN
B. ROAD BLOCKS FOR DRUNK DRIVING
C. EMERGENCY SURGERY FOR HEAD TRAUMA AFTER A MOTOR VEHICLE ACCIDENT
D. PHYSICAL AND OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY AFTER A MOTOR VEHICLE ACCIDENT WITH
HEAD TRAUMA
CORRECT ANSWER: D
PHYSICAL THERAPY AND OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY ARE CONSIDERED TERTIARY PREVENTION.
TERTIARY PREVENTION OCCURS WHEN A DEFECT OR DISABILITY IS PERMANENT AND
IRREVERSIBLE. IT INVOLVES MINIMIZING THE EFFECT OF DISEASE AND DISABILITY. THE
OBJECTIVE OF TERTIARY PREVENTION IS TO MAXIMIZE REMAINING CAPACITIES.
DIF: COGNITIVE LEVEL: APPLY (APPLICATION)
REF: P. 15
9. IN REVIEWING A PERSON’S MEDICAL CLAIMS, A NURSE REALIZES THAT THE INDIVIDUAL
WITH MODERATE PERSISTENT ASTHMA HAS HAD SEVERAL EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT VISITS
AND IS NOT ON INHALED STEROIDS AS RECOMMENDED BY THE NHLBI ASTHMA
MANAGEMENT GUIDELINES. THE NURSE DISCUSSES THIS WITH THE PERSON’S PRIMARY
CARE PROVIDER. IN THIS SCENARIO, THE NURSE IS ACTING AS A(N):
A. ADVOCATE.
B. CARE MANAGER.
,C. CONSULTANT.
D. EDUCATOR.
CORRECT ANSWER: B
CARE MANAGERS ACT TO PREVENT DUPLICATION OF SERVICE AND REDUCE COST. CARE
MANAGERS BASE RECOMMENDATION ON RELIABLE DATA SOURCES SUCH AS EVIDENCE-
BASED PRACTICES AND PROTOCOLS.
DIF: COGNITIVE LEVEL: APPLY (APPLICATION)
REF:P. 15
10. DURING A HOME VISIT, A NURSE ASSISTS AN INDIVIDUAL TO COMPLETE AN APPLICATION
FOR DISABILITY SERVICES. THE NURSE IS ACTING AS A(N):
A. ADVOCATE.
B. CARE MANAGER.
C. CONSULTANT.
D. EDUCATOR.
CORRECT ANSWER: A
THE ADVOCACY ROLE OF THE NURSE HELPS INDIVIDUALS OBTAIN WHAT THEY ARE ENTITLED
TO RECEIVE FROM THE HEALTH CARE SYSTEM, TRIES TO MAKE THE SYSTEM MORE
RESPONSIVE TO INDIVIDUALS’ COMMUNITY NEEDS, AND ASSISTS INDIVIDUALS IN
DEVELOPING SKILLS TO ADVOCATE FOR THEMSELVES.
DIF: COGNITIVE LEVEL: APPLY (APPLICATION)
REF: P. 15
11. DURING A HOME VISIT, A NURSE DISCUSSES THE DANGERS OF SMOKING WITH AN
INDIVIDUAL. IN THIS SCENARIO THE NURSE IS ACTING AS A(N):
A. ADVOCATE.
B. CARE MANAGER.
C. CONSULTANT.
D. EDUCATOR.
CORRECT ANSWER: D
,HEALTH EDUCATION IS A PRIMARY PREVENTION TECHNIQUE AVAILABLE TO AVOID MAJOR
CAUSES OF DISEASE. TEACHING CAN RANGE FROM A CHANCE REMARK TO A PLANNED
LESSON.
DIF: COGNITIVE LEVEL: APPLY (APPLICATION)
REF: P. 16
12. A NURSE IS ASKED TO PROVIDE AN EXPERT OPINION ABOUT THE DEVELOPMENT OF AN
EDUCATION PROGRAM FOR NEWLY DIAGNOSED DIABETICS. IN THIS SCENARIO, THE NURSE IS
ACTING AS A(N):
A. ADVOCATE.
B. CARE MANAGER.
C. CONSULTANT.
D. EDUCATOR.
CORRECT ANSWER: C
NURSES WITH A SPECIALIZED AREA OF EXPERTISE PROVIDE EDUCATION ABOUT HEALTH
PROMOTION AND DISEASE PREVENTION TO INDIVIDUALS AND GROUPS AS CONSULTANTS.
DIF: COGNITIVE LEVEL: APPLY (APPLICATION)
REF: P. 16
13. A NURSE IS PLANNING TO DELIVER AN EDUCATIONAL PROGRAM TO INDIVIDUALS WITH
DIABETES. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING SHOULD BE THE INITIAL ACTION TAKEN BY THE NURSE
TO ENSURE THE SUCCESS OF THE PROGRAM?
A. ASSESS THE MOTIVATION LEVEL OF THE INDIVIDUALS
B. ASSESS THE KNOWLEDGE LEVEL OF THE INDIVIDUALS
C. ESTABLISH TEACHER-LEARNER GOALS WITH THE INDIVIDUALS
D. ESTABLISH MULTIPLE TEACHING SESSIONS WITH THE INDIVIDUALS
CORRECT ANSWER: B
SELECTION OF THE METHODS MOST LIKELY TO SUCCEED INVOLVES THE ESTABLISHMENT OF
TEACHER-LEARNER GOALS. THUS, THE FIRST STEP BY THE NURSE SHOULD BE
ESTABLISHMENT OF GOALS.
DIF: COGNITIVE LEVEL: ANALYZE (ANALYSIS)
,REF: P. 16
14. THE CONSCIENTIOUS, EXPLICIT, AND JUDICIOUS USE OF CURRENT BEST EVIDENCE IN
MAKING DECISIONS ABOUT THE CARE OF INDIVIDUALS IS KNOWN AS:
A. HEALTH-RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE.
B. EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE.
C. A HEALTHY PEOPLE 2010 GOAL.
D. THE ECOLOGICAL MODEL OF HEALTH.
CORRECT ANSWER: B
EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE IS DEFINED AS THE CONSCIENTIOUS, EXPLICIT, AND JUDICIOUS
USE OF CURRENT BEST EVIDENCE IN MAKING DECISIONS ABOUT THE CARE OF INDIVIDUALS.
DIF: COGNITIVE LEVEL: REMEMBER (KNOWLEDGE)
REF: P. 16
15. WHICH RESEARCH METHODOLOGY SHOULD BE USED TO ADDRESS THE QUESTION, “WHAT
IS THE DIFFERENCE IN THE INFECTION RATES BETWEEN INDIVIDUALS WHO RECEIVE TWICE-
A-DAY DRESSING CHANGES VERSUS ONCE-A-DAY DRESSING CHANGES?”
A. EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE RESEARCH
B. QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
C. QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
D. CLINICAL JUDGMENT RESEARCH
CORRECT ANSWER: C
QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH STUDIES DESCRIBE SITUATIONS, CORRELATE DIFFERENT
VARIABLES RELATED TO CARE, OR TEST CAUSAL RELATIONSHIPS AMONG VARIABLES
RELATED TO CARE. EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE RESEARCH AND CLINICAL JUDGMENT
RESEARCH ARE NOT RESEARCH METHODOLOGIES; THEY ARE USED TO ANSWER CLINICAL
QUESTIONS.
DIF: COGNITIVE LEVEL: APPLY (APPLICATION)
REF: P. 16
, 16. THE QUESTION, “WHAT IS THE EXPERIENCE OF TEENAGERS WHO LOSE A SIBLING TO
CANCER?” CAN BEST BE ANSWERED BY USING WHICH RESEARCH METHODOLOGY?
A. EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE RESEARCH
B. QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
C. QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
D. CLINICAL JUDGMENT RESEARCH
CORRECT ANSWER: B
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH STUDIES DESCRIBE PHENOMENA OR DEFINE THE HISTORICAL
NATURE, CULTURAL RELEVANCE, OR PHILOSOPHICAL BASIS OF ASPECTS OF NURSING CARE.
EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE RESEARCH AND CLINICAL JUDGMENT RESEARCH ARE NOT
RESEARCH METHODOLOGIES; THEY ARE USED TO ANSWER CLINICAL QUESTIONS.
DIF: COGNITIVE LEVEL: APPLY (APPLICATION)
REF: P. 16
17. A NURSE WHO USES FINDINGS FROM A RANDOMIZED, CONTROLLED TRIAL ON THE CARE
OF FOLEY CATHETERS TO CHANGE PRACTICE AT AN INSTITUTION IS PRACTICING:
A. EVIDENCE-BASED MEDICINE.
B. QUALITATIVE RESEARCH.
C. QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH.
D. CLINICAL JUDGMENT.
CORRECT ANSWER: A
THE PRACTICE OF EVIDENCE-BASED MEDICINE MEANS INTEGRATING INDIVIDUAL CLINICAL
EXPERTISE WITH THE BEST AVAILABLE EXTERNAL CLINICAL EVIDENCE FROM SYSTEMATIC
RESEARCH.
DIF: COGNITIVE LEVEL: APPLY (APPLICATION)
REF: P. 16
18. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS MOST INFLUENCED BY THE SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC
ENVIRONMENT OF A COMMUNITY?
A. SOCIAL HEALTH POLICIES
B. QUALITY OF CARE
C. EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE
D. PRACTICE GUIDELINES
EDITION
BY EDELMAN, 9780323761406, COVERING CHAPTERS 1-25 |
INCLUDES RATIONALES
,TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER 01: HEALTH DEFINED: OBJECTIVES FOR PROMOTION AND PREVENTION ........................ 3
CHAPTER 02: EMERGING POPULATIONS AND HEALTH ............................................................................ 15
CHAPTER 03: HEALTH POLICY AND THE DELIVERY SYSTEM.................................................................. 30
CHAPTER 04: THE THERAPEUTIC RELATIONSHIP ...................................................................................... 44
CHAPTER 05: ETHICAL ISSUES RELATED TO HEALTH PROMOTION .................................................... 54
CHAPTER 06: HEALTH PROMOTION AND THE INDIVIDUAL ..................................................................... 64
CHAPTER 07: HEALTH PROMOTION AND THE FAMILY .............................................................................. 77
CHAPTER 08: HEALTH PROMOTION AND THE COMMUNITY .................................................................... 89
CHAPTER 09: SCREENING................................................................................................................................ 103
CHAPTER 10: HEALTH EDUCATION ..................................................................................................................117
CHAPTER 11: NUTRITION COUNSELING FOR HEALTH PROMOTION ...................................................... 131
CHAPTER 12: EXERCISE ..................................................................................................................................... 161
CHAPTER 13: STRESS MANAGEMENT............................................................................................................ 176
CHAPTER 14: COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE STRATEGIES .................................................... 188
CHAPTER 15: OVERVIEW OF GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK .......................................201
CHAPTER 16: THE PRENATAL PERIOD........................................................................................................... 211
CHAPTER 19: PRESCHOOL CHILD .................................................................................................................. 259
CHAPTER 20: SCHOOL-AGE CHILD ............................................................................................................... 274
CHAPTER 21: ADOLESCENT .............................................................................................................................. 291
CHAPTER 22: YOUNG ADULT ...........................................................................................................................305
CHAPTER 23: MIDDLE-AGE ADULT ................................................................................................................319
CHAPTER 24: OLDER ADULT ........................................................................................................................... 333
CHAPTER 25: HEALTH PROMOTION IN THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY ..............................................349
,CHAPTER 01: HEALTH DEFINED: OBJECTIVES FOR PROMOTION
AND PREVENTION
EDELMAN: HEALTH PROMOTION THROUGHOUT THE LIFE SPAN, 10TH EDITION
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. WHICH MODEL OF HEALTH IS MOST LIKELY USED BY A PERSON WHO DOES NOT BELIEVE IN
PREVENTIVE HEALTH CARE?
A. CLINICAL MODEL
B. ROLE PERFORMANCE MODEL
C. ADAPTIVE MODEL
D. EUDAIMONISTIC MODEL
CORRECT ANSWER: A
THE CLINICAL MODEL OF HEALTH VIEWS THE ABSENCE OF SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF
DISEASE AS INDICATIVE OF HEALTH. PEOPLE WHO USE THIS MODEL WAIT UNTIL THEY ARE
VERY SICK TO SEEK CARE.
DIF: COGNITIVE LEVEL: REMEMBER (KNOWLEDGE)
REF: P. 3
2. A PERSON WITH CHRONIC BACK PAIN IS CARED FOR BY HER PRIMARY CARE PROVIDER AS
WELL AS RECEIVES ACUPUNCTURE. WHICH MODEL OF HEALTH DOES THIS PERSON LIKELY
FAVOR?
A. CLINICAL MODEL
B. ROLE PERFORMANCE MODEL
C. ADAPTIVE MODEL
D. EUDAIMONISTIC MODEL
CORRECT ANSWER: D
THE EUDAIMONISTIC MODEL EMBODIES THE INTERACTION AND INTERRELATIONSHIPS
AMONG PHYSICAL, SOCIAL, PSYCHOLOGICAL, AND SPIRITUAL ASPECTS OF LIFE AND THE
ENVIRONMENT IN GOAL ATTAINMENT AND CREATING MEANING IN LIFE. PRACTITIONERS WHO
PRACTICE THE CLINICAL MODEL MAY NOT BE ENOUGH FOR SOMEONE WHO BELIEVES IN THE
,EUDAIMONISTIC MODEL. THOSE WHO BELIEVE IN THE EUDAIMONISTIC MODEL OFTEN LOOK
FOR ALTERNATIVE PROVIDERS OF CARE.
DIF: COGNITIVE LEVEL: APPLY (APPLICATION)
REF: P. 3
3. A STATE OF PHYSICAL, MENTAL, SPIRITUAL, AND SOCIAL FUNCTIONING THAT REALIZES A
PERSON’S POTENTIAL AND IS EXPERIENCED WITHIN A DEVELOPMENTAL CONTEXT IS KNOWN
AS:
A. GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT.
B. HEALTH.
C. FUNCTIONING.
D. HIGH-LEVEL WELLNESS.
CORRECT ANSWER: B
HEALTH IS DEFINED AS A STATE OF PHYSICAL, MENTAL, SPIRITUAL, AND SOCIAL
FUNCTIONING THAT REALIZES A PERSON’S POTENTIAL AND IS EXPERIENCED WITHIN A
DEVELOPMENTAL CONTEXT.
DIF: COGNITIVE LEVEL: REMEMBER (KNOWLEDGE)
REF: P. 5
4. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING BEST DESCRIBES A CLIENT WHO HAS AN ILLNESS?
A. SOMEONE WHO HAS WELL-CONTROLLED DIABETES
B. SOMEONE WITH HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA
C. SOMEONE WITH A HEADACHE
D. SOMEONE WITH CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE WITHOUT ANGINA
CORRECT ANSWER: C
SOMEONE WITH A HEADACHE REPRESENTS A PERSON WITH AN ILLNESS. AN ILLNESS IS
MADE UP OF THE SUBJECTIVE EXPERIENCE OF THE INDIVIDUAL AND THE PHYSICAL
MANIFESTATION OF DISEASE. IT CAN BE DESCRIBED AS A RESPONSE CHARACTERIZED BY A
MISMATCH BETWEEN A PERSON’S NEEDS AND THE RESOURCES AVAILABLE TO MEET THOSE
NEEDS. A PERSON CAN HAVE A DISEASE WITHOUT FEELING ILL. THE OTHER CHOICES
REPRESENT DISEASE.
DIF: COGNITIVE LEVEL: ANALYZE (ANALYSIS)
,REF: P. 6
5. WHICH US REPORT IS CONSIDERED A LANDMARK DOCUMENT IN CREATING A GLOBAL
APPROACH TO HEALTH?
A. THE 1990 HEALTH OBJECTIVES FOR THE NATION: A MIDCOURSE REVIEW
B. HEALTHY PEOPLE 2020
C. HEALTHY PEOPLE 2000
D. THE U.S. SURGEON GENERAL REPORT
CORRECT ANSWER: C
HEALTHY PEOPLE 2000 AND ITS MIDCOURSE REVIEW AND 1995 REVISIONS WERE LANDMARK
DOCUMENTS IN WHICH A CONSORTIUM OF PEOPLE REPRESENTING NATIONAL
ORGANIZATIONS WORKED WITH US PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE OFFICIALS TO CREATE A MORE
GLOBAL APPROACH TO HEALTH.
DIF: COGNITIVE LEVEL: REMEMBER (KNOWLEDGE)
REF: P. 6
6. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING REPRESENTS A METHOD OF PRIMARY PREVENTION?
A. INFORMATIONAL SESSION ABOUT HEALTHY LIFESTYLES
B. BLOOD PRESSURE SCREENING
C. INTERVENTIONAL CARDIAC CATHETERIZATION
D. DIAGNOSTIC CARDIAC CATHETERIZATION
CORRECT ANSWER: A
PRIMARY PREVENTION PRECEDES DISEASE OR DYSFUNCTION. IT INCLUDES HEALTH
PROMOTION AND SPECIFIC PROTECTION AND ENCOURAGES INCREASED AWARENESS; THUS,
EDUCATION ABOUT HEALTHY LIFESTYLES FITS THIS DEFINITION. BLOOD PRESSURE
SCREENING DOES NOT PREVENT DISEASE, BUT INSTEAD IDENTIFIES IT.
DIF: COGNITIVE LEVEL: APPLY (APPLICATION)
REF: P. 11
7. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING REPRESENTS A METHOD OF SECONDARY PREVENTION?
A. SELF–BREAST EXAMINATION EDUCATION
,B. YEARLY MAMMOGRAMS
C. CHEMOTHERAPY FOR ADVANCED BREAST CANCER
D. COMPLETE MASTECTOMY FOR BREAST CANCER
CORRECT ANSWER: B
SCREENING IS SECONDARY PREVENTION BECAUSE THE PRINCIPAL GOAL OF SCREENINGS IS
TO IDENTIFY INDIVIDUALS IN AN EARLY, DETECTABLE STAGE OF THE DISEASE PROCESS. A
MAMMOGRAM IS A SCREENING TOOL FOR BREAST CANCER AND THUS IS CONSIDERED A
METHOD OF SECONDARY PREVENTION.
DIF: COGNITIVE LEVEL: APPLY (APPLICATION)
REF: P. 15
8. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING REPRESENTS A METHOD OF TERTIARY PREVENTION?
A. DRUNK DRIVING CAMPAIGN
B. ROAD BLOCKS FOR DRUNK DRIVING
C. EMERGENCY SURGERY FOR HEAD TRAUMA AFTER A MOTOR VEHICLE ACCIDENT
D. PHYSICAL AND OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY AFTER A MOTOR VEHICLE ACCIDENT WITH
HEAD TRAUMA
CORRECT ANSWER: D
PHYSICAL THERAPY AND OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY ARE CONSIDERED TERTIARY PREVENTION.
TERTIARY PREVENTION OCCURS WHEN A DEFECT OR DISABILITY IS PERMANENT AND
IRREVERSIBLE. IT INVOLVES MINIMIZING THE EFFECT OF DISEASE AND DISABILITY. THE
OBJECTIVE OF TERTIARY PREVENTION IS TO MAXIMIZE REMAINING CAPACITIES.
DIF: COGNITIVE LEVEL: APPLY (APPLICATION)
REF: P. 15
9. IN REVIEWING A PERSON’S MEDICAL CLAIMS, A NURSE REALIZES THAT THE INDIVIDUAL
WITH MODERATE PERSISTENT ASTHMA HAS HAD SEVERAL EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT VISITS
AND IS NOT ON INHALED STEROIDS AS RECOMMENDED BY THE NHLBI ASTHMA
MANAGEMENT GUIDELINES. THE NURSE DISCUSSES THIS WITH THE PERSON’S PRIMARY
CARE PROVIDER. IN THIS SCENARIO, THE NURSE IS ACTING AS A(N):
A. ADVOCATE.
B. CARE MANAGER.
,C. CONSULTANT.
D. EDUCATOR.
CORRECT ANSWER: B
CARE MANAGERS ACT TO PREVENT DUPLICATION OF SERVICE AND REDUCE COST. CARE
MANAGERS BASE RECOMMENDATION ON RELIABLE DATA SOURCES SUCH AS EVIDENCE-
BASED PRACTICES AND PROTOCOLS.
DIF: COGNITIVE LEVEL: APPLY (APPLICATION)
REF:P. 15
10. DURING A HOME VISIT, A NURSE ASSISTS AN INDIVIDUAL TO COMPLETE AN APPLICATION
FOR DISABILITY SERVICES. THE NURSE IS ACTING AS A(N):
A. ADVOCATE.
B. CARE MANAGER.
C. CONSULTANT.
D. EDUCATOR.
CORRECT ANSWER: A
THE ADVOCACY ROLE OF THE NURSE HELPS INDIVIDUALS OBTAIN WHAT THEY ARE ENTITLED
TO RECEIVE FROM THE HEALTH CARE SYSTEM, TRIES TO MAKE THE SYSTEM MORE
RESPONSIVE TO INDIVIDUALS’ COMMUNITY NEEDS, AND ASSISTS INDIVIDUALS IN
DEVELOPING SKILLS TO ADVOCATE FOR THEMSELVES.
DIF: COGNITIVE LEVEL: APPLY (APPLICATION)
REF: P. 15
11. DURING A HOME VISIT, A NURSE DISCUSSES THE DANGERS OF SMOKING WITH AN
INDIVIDUAL. IN THIS SCENARIO THE NURSE IS ACTING AS A(N):
A. ADVOCATE.
B. CARE MANAGER.
C. CONSULTANT.
D. EDUCATOR.
CORRECT ANSWER: D
,HEALTH EDUCATION IS A PRIMARY PREVENTION TECHNIQUE AVAILABLE TO AVOID MAJOR
CAUSES OF DISEASE. TEACHING CAN RANGE FROM A CHANCE REMARK TO A PLANNED
LESSON.
DIF: COGNITIVE LEVEL: APPLY (APPLICATION)
REF: P. 16
12. A NURSE IS ASKED TO PROVIDE AN EXPERT OPINION ABOUT THE DEVELOPMENT OF AN
EDUCATION PROGRAM FOR NEWLY DIAGNOSED DIABETICS. IN THIS SCENARIO, THE NURSE IS
ACTING AS A(N):
A. ADVOCATE.
B. CARE MANAGER.
C. CONSULTANT.
D. EDUCATOR.
CORRECT ANSWER: C
NURSES WITH A SPECIALIZED AREA OF EXPERTISE PROVIDE EDUCATION ABOUT HEALTH
PROMOTION AND DISEASE PREVENTION TO INDIVIDUALS AND GROUPS AS CONSULTANTS.
DIF: COGNITIVE LEVEL: APPLY (APPLICATION)
REF: P. 16
13. A NURSE IS PLANNING TO DELIVER AN EDUCATIONAL PROGRAM TO INDIVIDUALS WITH
DIABETES. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING SHOULD BE THE INITIAL ACTION TAKEN BY THE NURSE
TO ENSURE THE SUCCESS OF THE PROGRAM?
A. ASSESS THE MOTIVATION LEVEL OF THE INDIVIDUALS
B. ASSESS THE KNOWLEDGE LEVEL OF THE INDIVIDUALS
C. ESTABLISH TEACHER-LEARNER GOALS WITH THE INDIVIDUALS
D. ESTABLISH MULTIPLE TEACHING SESSIONS WITH THE INDIVIDUALS
CORRECT ANSWER: B
SELECTION OF THE METHODS MOST LIKELY TO SUCCEED INVOLVES THE ESTABLISHMENT OF
TEACHER-LEARNER GOALS. THUS, THE FIRST STEP BY THE NURSE SHOULD BE
ESTABLISHMENT OF GOALS.
DIF: COGNITIVE LEVEL: ANALYZE (ANALYSIS)
,REF: P. 16
14. THE CONSCIENTIOUS, EXPLICIT, AND JUDICIOUS USE OF CURRENT BEST EVIDENCE IN
MAKING DECISIONS ABOUT THE CARE OF INDIVIDUALS IS KNOWN AS:
A. HEALTH-RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE.
B. EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE.
C. A HEALTHY PEOPLE 2010 GOAL.
D. THE ECOLOGICAL MODEL OF HEALTH.
CORRECT ANSWER: B
EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE IS DEFINED AS THE CONSCIENTIOUS, EXPLICIT, AND JUDICIOUS
USE OF CURRENT BEST EVIDENCE IN MAKING DECISIONS ABOUT THE CARE OF INDIVIDUALS.
DIF: COGNITIVE LEVEL: REMEMBER (KNOWLEDGE)
REF: P. 16
15. WHICH RESEARCH METHODOLOGY SHOULD BE USED TO ADDRESS THE QUESTION, “WHAT
IS THE DIFFERENCE IN THE INFECTION RATES BETWEEN INDIVIDUALS WHO RECEIVE TWICE-
A-DAY DRESSING CHANGES VERSUS ONCE-A-DAY DRESSING CHANGES?”
A. EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE RESEARCH
B. QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
C. QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
D. CLINICAL JUDGMENT RESEARCH
CORRECT ANSWER: C
QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH STUDIES DESCRIBE SITUATIONS, CORRELATE DIFFERENT
VARIABLES RELATED TO CARE, OR TEST CAUSAL RELATIONSHIPS AMONG VARIABLES
RELATED TO CARE. EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE RESEARCH AND CLINICAL JUDGMENT
RESEARCH ARE NOT RESEARCH METHODOLOGIES; THEY ARE USED TO ANSWER CLINICAL
QUESTIONS.
DIF: COGNITIVE LEVEL: APPLY (APPLICATION)
REF: P. 16
, 16. THE QUESTION, “WHAT IS THE EXPERIENCE OF TEENAGERS WHO LOSE A SIBLING TO
CANCER?” CAN BEST BE ANSWERED BY USING WHICH RESEARCH METHODOLOGY?
A. EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE RESEARCH
B. QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
C. QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
D. CLINICAL JUDGMENT RESEARCH
CORRECT ANSWER: B
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH STUDIES DESCRIBE PHENOMENA OR DEFINE THE HISTORICAL
NATURE, CULTURAL RELEVANCE, OR PHILOSOPHICAL BASIS OF ASPECTS OF NURSING CARE.
EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE RESEARCH AND CLINICAL JUDGMENT RESEARCH ARE NOT
RESEARCH METHODOLOGIES; THEY ARE USED TO ANSWER CLINICAL QUESTIONS.
DIF: COGNITIVE LEVEL: APPLY (APPLICATION)
REF: P. 16
17. A NURSE WHO USES FINDINGS FROM A RANDOMIZED, CONTROLLED TRIAL ON THE CARE
OF FOLEY CATHETERS TO CHANGE PRACTICE AT AN INSTITUTION IS PRACTICING:
A. EVIDENCE-BASED MEDICINE.
B. QUALITATIVE RESEARCH.
C. QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH.
D. CLINICAL JUDGMENT.
CORRECT ANSWER: A
THE PRACTICE OF EVIDENCE-BASED MEDICINE MEANS INTEGRATING INDIVIDUAL CLINICAL
EXPERTISE WITH THE BEST AVAILABLE EXTERNAL CLINICAL EVIDENCE FROM SYSTEMATIC
RESEARCH.
DIF: COGNITIVE LEVEL: APPLY (APPLICATION)
REF: P. 16
18. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS MOST INFLUENCED BY THE SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC
ENVIRONMENT OF A COMMUNITY?
A. SOCIAL HEALTH POLICIES
B. QUALITY OF CARE
C. EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE
D. PRACTICE GUIDELINES
