FNP Pathophysiology– Retake Exam Questions
And Answers Verified 100% Correct
When considering hemolytic anemia, which statement is true regarding the occurrence
of jaundice?
a.Erythrocytes are destroyed in the spleen.
b.Heme destruction exceeds the liver's ability to conjugate and excrete bilirubin.
c.The patient has elevations in aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase
(ALT).
d.The erythrocytes are coated with an immunoglobulin - -ANSWER- b.Heme destruction
exceeds the liver's ability to conjugate and excrete bilirubin.
Which medications are associated with an intermediate increase in a person's risk for
developing aplastic anemia? (Select all that apply.) a.Penicillin
b.Chloramphenicol (Chloromycetin)
c.Phenytoin (Dilantin)
d.Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim)
e.Thiazides - -ANSWER- b.Chloramphenicol (Chloromycetin)
c.Phenytoin (Dilantin)
d.Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim)
Which conditions are generally included in the symptoms of pernicious anemia (PA)?
(Select all that apply.) a.Weakness
b.Weight gain
c.Low hemoglobin
d.Paresthesias
e.Low hematocrit - -ANSWER- a.Weakness
c.Low hemoglobin
d.Paresthesias
e.Low hematocrit Sideroblastic
anemia
a. Microcytic-hypochromic b
Normocytic-normochromic anemia
c. Macrocytic-normochromic anemia - -ANSWER- a. Microcytichypochromic
Aplastic
a. Microcytic-hypochromic b
Normocytic-normochromic anemia
c. Macrocytic-normochromic anemia - -ANSWER- b Normocyticnormochromic anemia
Pernicious
,a. Microcytic-hypochromic b
Normocytic-normochromic anemia
c. Macrocytic-normochromic anemia - -ANSWER- c. Macrocyticnormochromic
anemia
Which description is consistent with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL)?
a.ALL is a progressive neoplasm defined by the presence of greater than 30%
lymphoblasts in the bone marrow or blood.
b.Leukocytosis and a predominance of blast cells characterize the bone marrow and
peripheral blood. As the immature blasts increase, they replace normal myelocytic cells,
megakaryocytes, and erythrocytes.
c.B cells fail to mature into plasma cells that synthesize immunoglobulins.
d.The translocation of genetic material from genes 9 and 22 create an abnormal, fused
gene identified as BCR-AB - -ANSWER- a.ALL is a progressive neoplasm defined by
the presence of greater than 30% lymphoblasts in the bone marrow or blood.
Which description is consistent with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML)?
a. Defects exist in the ras oncogene, TP53 tumor-suppressor gene, and INK4A, the
gene encoding a cell-cycle regulatory protein.
b. Leukocytosis and a predominance of blast cells characterize the bone marrow and
peripheral blood. As the immature blasts increase, they replace normal myelocytic
cells, megakaryocytes, and erythrocytes.
c. B cells fail to mature into plasma cells that synthesize immunoglobulins.
d. The translocation of genetic material from genes 9 and 22 creates an abnormal,
fused protein identified as BCR-ABL1. - -ANSWER- d. The translocation of genetic
material from genes 9 and 22 creates an abnormal, fused protein identified as BCR-
ABL1.
Which description is consistent with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)?
a. Defects exist in the ras oncogene, TP53 tumor-suppressor gene, and INK4A, the
gene encoding a cell-cycle regulatory protein.
b. Leukocytosis and a predominance of blast cells characterize the bone marrow and
peripheral blood. As the immature blasts increase, they replace normal myelocytic
cells, megakaryocytes, and erythrocytes.
c. B cells fail to mature into plasma cells that synthesize immunoglobulins.
d. The translocation of genetic material from genes 9 and 22 creates an abnormal,
fused protein identified as BCR-ABL - -ANSWER- c. B cells fail to mature into plasma
cells that synthesize immunoglobulins.
Which electrolyte imbalance accompanies multiple myeloma (MM)? a.Hyperkalemia
c.Hyperphosphatemia
b.Hypercalcemia
d.Hypernatremia - -ANSWER- c.Hyperphosphatemia
,Local signs and symptoms of Hodgkin disease-related lymphadenopathy are a result of
which of the following?
a.Pressure and ischemia
c.Inflammation and ischemia
b.Pressure and obstruction
d.Inflammation and pressure - -ANSWER- b.Pressure and obstruction Hodgkin disease
is characterized by the presence of which of the following? a.Philadelphia chromosome
c.Microvascular thrombi
b.Virchow triad
d.Reed-Sternberg (RS) cells - -ANSWER- d.Reed-Sternberg (RS) cells Early
detection of acute leukemia would include which of the following symptoms?
(Select all that apply.) a.Dizziness
b.Paresthesia
c.Anorexia
d.Bruising
e.Bone pain - -ANSWER- c.Anorexia
d.Bruising
e.Bone pain
Which statements are true regarding leukemias? (Select all that apply.) a.A
single progenitor cell undergoes a malignant change.
b.Leukemia is a result of uncontrolled cellular proliferation.
c.Bone marrow becomes overcrowded.
d.Leukocytes are under produced.
e.Hematopoietic cell production is decreased - -ANSWER- a.A single progenitor cell
undergoes a malignant change.
b.Leukemia is a result of uncontrolled cellular proliferation.
c.Bone marrow becomes overcrowded.
e.Hematopoietic cell production is decreased
The two major forms of leukemia, acute and chronic, are classified by which criteria?
(Select all that apply.)
a.Predominant cell type
b.Rate of progression
c.Age of individual when cells differentiation occurs
d.Stage of cell development when malignancy first occurs
e.Serum level of leukocytes - -ANSWER- a.Predominant cell type
b.Rate of progression
A patient's blood gases reveal the following findings: pH, 7.3; bicarbonate (HCO3) 27
mEq/L; carbon dioxide (CO2), 58 mm Hg. What is the interpretation of these gases?
a.Respiratory alkalosis
, c.Respiratory acidosis
b.Metabolic acidosis
d.Metabolic alkalosis - -ANSWER- c.Respiratory acidosis Males, having
only one X chromosome (as is expected), are said to be: a.Homozygous
c.Hemizygous
b.Heterozygous
d.Ambizygous - -ANSWER- c.Hemizygous
Males are more often affected by which type of genetic disease? a.Sex-linked
dominant
c.Sex-linked
b.Sex-influenced
d.Sex-linked recessive - -ANSWER- d.Sex-linked recessive What is the
risk for the recurrence of autosomal dominant diseases? a.10%
c.50%
b.30%
d.70% - -ANSWER- c.50%
Hypomethylation and the resulting effect on oncogenes result in a(an):
a.Decrease in the activity of the oncogene, thus suppressing cancer development
b.Deactivation of MLH1 to halt DNA repair
c.Increase in tumor progression from benign to malignant
d.Over-expression of microRNA, resulting in tumorigenesis - -ANSWER-
c.Increase in tumor progression from benign to malignant
When considering white blood cell differentials, acute inflammatory reactions are related
to elevations of which leukocyte? a.Monocytes cNeutrophils
b.Eosinophils
d.Basophils - -ANSWER- cNeutrophils IFN- is
secreted from which cells? a.Virally infected cells
c.Macrophages
b.Bacterial infected cells
d.Mast cells - -ANSWER- c.Macrophages
Which cytokine is produced and released from virally infected host cells? a.IL-1
c.TNFa
b.IL-10
d.IFNa - -ANSWER- d.IFNa
Which type of immunity is produced by an individual after either natural exposure to the
antigen or after immunization against the antigen?
a.Passive-acquired immunity
c.Passive-innate immunity
b.Active-acquired immunity
And Answers Verified 100% Correct
When considering hemolytic anemia, which statement is true regarding the occurrence
of jaundice?
a.Erythrocytes are destroyed in the spleen.
b.Heme destruction exceeds the liver's ability to conjugate and excrete bilirubin.
c.The patient has elevations in aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase
(ALT).
d.The erythrocytes are coated with an immunoglobulin - -ANSWER- b.Heme destruction
exceeds the liver's ability to conjugate and excrete bilirubin.
Which medications are associated with an intermediate increase in a person's risk for
developing aplastic anemia? (Select all that apply.) a.Penicillin
b.Chloramphenicol (Chloromycetin)
c.Phenytoin (Dilantin)
d.Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim)
e.Thiazides - -ANSWER- b.Chloramphenicol (Chloromycetin)
c.Phenytoin (Dilantin)
d.Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim)
Which conditions are generally included in the symptoms of pernicious anemia (PA)?
(Select all that apply.) a.Weakness
b.Weight gain
c.Low hemoglobin
d.Paresthesias
e.Low hematocrit - -ANSWER- a.Weakness
c.Low hemoglobin
d.Paresthesias
e.Low hematocrit Sideroblastic
anemia
a. Microcytic-hypochromic b
Normocytic-normochromic anemia
c. Macrocytic-normochromic anemia - -ANSWER- a. Microcytichypochromic
Aplastic
a. Microcytic-hypochromic b
Normocytic-normochromic anemia
c. Macrocytic-normochromic anemia - -ANSWER- b Normocyticnormochromic anemia
Pernicious
,a. Microcytic-hypochromic b
Normocytic-normochromic anemia
c. Macrocytic-normochromic anemia - -ANSWER- c. Macrocyticnormochromic
anemia
Which description is consistent with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL)?
a.ALL is a progressive neoplasm defined by the presence of greater than 30%
lymphoblasts in the bone marrow or blood.
b.Leukocytosis and a predominance of blast cells characterize the bone marrow and
peripheral blood. As the immature blasts increase, they replace normal myelocytic cells,
megakaryocytes, and erythrocytes.
c.B cells fail to mature into plasma cells that synthesize immunoglobulins.
d.The translocation of genetic material from genes 9 and 22 create an abnormal, fused
gene identified as BCR-AB - -ANSWER- a.ALL is a progressive neoplasm defined by
the presence of greater than 30% lymphoblasts in the bone marrow or blood.
Which description is consistent with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML)?
a. Defects exist in the ras oncogene, TP53 tumor-suppressor gene, and INK4A, the
gene encoding a cell-cycle regulatory protein.
b. Leukocytosis and a predominance of blast cells characterize the bone marrow and
peripheral blood. As the immature blasts increase, they replace normal myelocytic
cells, megakaryocytes, and erythrocytes.
c. B cells fail to mature into plasma cells that synthesize immunoglobulins.
d. The translocation of genetic material from genes 9 and 22 creates an abnormal,
fused protein identified as BCR-ABL1. - -ANSWER- d. The translocation of genetic
material from genes 9 and 22 creates an abnormal, fused protein identified as BCR-
ABL1.
Which description is consistent with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)?
a. Defects exist in the ras oncogene, TP53 tumor-suppressor gene, and INK4A, the
gene encoding a cell-cycle regulatory protein.
b. Leukocytosis and a predominance of blast cells characterize the bone marrow and
peripheral blood. As the immature blasts increase, they replace normal myelocytic
cells, megakaryocytes, and erythrocytes.
c. B cells fail to mature into plasma cells that synthesize immunoglobulins.
d. The translocation of genetic material from genes 9 and 22 creates an abnormal,
fused protein identified as BCR-ABL - -ANSWER- c. B cells fail to mature into plasma
cells that synthesize immunoglobulins.
Which electrolyte imbalance accompanies multiple myeloma (MM)? a.Hyperkalemia
c.Hyperphosphatemia
b.Hypercalcemia
d.Hypernatremia - -ANSWER- c.Hyperphosphatemia
,Local signs and symptoms of Hodgkin disease-related lymphadenopathy are a result of
which of the following?
a.Pressure and ischemia
c.Inflammation and ischemia
b.Pressure and obstruction
d.Inflammation and pressure - -ANSWER- b.Pressure and obstruction Hodgkin disease
is characterized by the presence of which of the following? a.Philadelphia chromosome
c.Microvascular thrombi
b.Virchow triad
d.Reed-Sternberg (RS) cells - -ANSWER- d.Reed-Sternberg (RS) cells Early
detection of acute leukemia would include which of the following symptoms?
(Select all that apply.) a.Dizziness
b.Paresthesia
c.Anorexia
d.Bruising
e.Bone pain - -ANSWER- c.Anorexia
d.Bruising
e.Bone pain
Which statements are true regarding leukemias? (Select all that apply.) a.A
single progenitor cell undergoes a malignant change.
b.Leukemia is a result of uncontrolled cellular proliferation.
c.Bone marrow becomes overcrowded.
d.Leukocytes are under produced.
e.Hematopoietic cell production is decreased - -ANSWER- a.A single progenitor cell
undergoes a malignant change.
b.Leukemia is a result of uncontrolled cellular proliferation.
c.Bone marrow becomes overcrowded.
e.Hematopoietic cell production is decreased
The two major forms of leukemia, acute and chronic, are classified by which criteria?
(Select all that apply.)
a.Predominant cell type
b.Rate of progression
c.Age of individual when cells differentiation occurs
d.Stage of cell development when malignancy first occurs
e.Serum level of leukocytes - -ANSWER- a.Predominant cell type
b.Rate of progression
A patient's blood gases reveal the following findings: pH, 7.3; bicarbonate (HCO3) 27
mEq/L; carbon dioxide (CO2), 58 mm Hg. What is the interpretation of these gases?
a.Respiratory alkalosis
, c.Respiratory acidosis
b.Metabolic acidosis
d.Metabolic alkalosis - -ANSWER- c.Respiratory acidosis Males, having
only one X chromosome (as is expected), are said to be: a.Homozygous
c.Hemizygous
b.Heterozygous
d.Ambizygous - -ANSWER- c.Hemizygous
Males are more often affected by which type of genetic disease? a.Sex-linked
dominant
c.Sex-linked
b.Sex-influenced
d.Sex-linked recessive - -ANSWER- d.Sex-linked recessive What is the
risk for the recurrence of autosomal dominant diseases? a.10%
c.50%
b.30%
d.70% - -ANSWER- c.50%
Hypomethylation and the resulting effect on oncogenes result in a(an):
a.Decrease in the activity of the oncogene, thus suppressing cancer development
b.Deactivation of MLH1 to halt DNA repair
c.Increase in tumor progression from benign to malignant
d.Over-expression of microRNA, resulting in tumorigenesis - -ANSWER-
c.Increase in tumor progression from benign to malignant
When considering white blood cell differentials, acute inflammatory reactions are related
to elevations of which leukocyte? a.Monocytes cNeutrophils
b.Eosinophils
d.Basophils - -ANSWER- cNeutrophils IFN- is
secreted from which cells? a.Virally infected cells
c.Macrophages
b.Bacterial infected cells
d.Mast cells - -ANSWER- c.Macrophages
Which cytokine is produced and released from virally infected host cells? a.IL-1
c.TNFa
b.IL-10
d.IFNa - -ANSWER- d.IFNa
Which type of immunity is produced by an individual after either natural exposure to the
antigen or after immunization against the antigen?
a.Passive-acquired immunity
c.Passive-innate immunity
b.Active-acquired immunity
