Kidney Tumours and Renal Pathology
Overview questions with correct
solutions
Renal papillary adenoma ✅✅A benign kidney tumour.
Angiomyolipoma ✅✅A benign kidney tumour composed of blood vessels, muscle,
and fat.
Oncocytoma ✅✅A benign kidney tumour.
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) ✅✅A malignant kidney tumour with several subtypes.
Clear cell RCC ✅✅A subtype of RCC, accounting for 70-80% of cases.
Papillary RCC ✅✅A subtype of RCC, accounting for 10-15% of cases.
Chromophobe RCC ✅✅A subtype of RCC, accounting for less than 5% of cases.
Collecting duct (Bellini) carcinoma ✅✅A rare subtype of RCC, accounting for less
than 1% of cases.
Xp11 translocation carcinoma ✅✅A subtype of renal cell carcinoma.
Wilms tumour (nephroblastoma) ✅✅The most common kidney cancer in children,
typically seen in ages 2-5 years.
Urothelial carcinoma ✅✅A malignant tumour of the renal pelvis.
Classic Triad of RCC ✅✅Painless haematuria, costovertebral pain, and palpable
abdominal mass.
5-Year Survival Rate (no metastasis) ✅✅100% survival rate.
5-Year Survival Rate (renal vein/perinephric fat invasion) ✅✅60% survival rate.
5-Year Survival Rate (average overall) ✅✅70% survival rate.
Mode of Spread of RCC ✅✅Involves renal vein invasion and metastasis to lungs,
bones, lymph nodes, liver, adrenals, and brain.
, Paraneoplastic Syndromes ✅✅Hormonal effects including polycythemia,
hypercalcaemia, hypertension, and neurologic issues.
Blastemal ✅✅Small blue cells found in Wilms tumour.
Epithelial ✅✅Primitive tubules/glomeruli found in Wilms tumour.
Stromal ✅✅Myxoid/fibrocystic background found in Wilms tumour.
Wilms tumour bilateral occurrence ✅✅Occurs in 5-10% of cases.
Histology of Wilms tumour ✅✅Triphasic tumour consisting of blastemal, epithelial,
and stromal components.
Anaplasia ✅✅Worse prognosis.
WAGR syndrome ✅✅Wilms, Aniridia, GU anomalies, Retardation.
Denys-Drash syndrome ✅✅WT1 mutation; Nephropathy + gonadal dysgenesis.
Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome ✅✅WT2; Overgrowth + organomegaly.
Clinical Features of Wilms Tumour ✅✅Abdominal mass, Haematuria, Intestinal
obstruction, Hypertension, Lung metastases common at diagnosis.
Cure rate for Wilms Tumour ✅✅~85%.
Treatment for Wilms Tumour ✅✅Combo: Chemotherapy + Surgery ± Radiation.
Poor prognosis factors for Wilms Tumour ✅✅Anaplasia, Chromosome 1p/16q loss,
1q gain.
Adenoma ✅✅Benign; Small (<5 cm), Well-circumscribed, Pale yellow, No atypia.
Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) ✅✅Malignant; Larger size, Irregular margins, Necrosis
& haemorrhage, Atypia, vascular invasion.
Gross Morphology of Wilms Tumour ✅✅Large, soft, tan-grey mass, Well-
circumscribed, May have: necrosis, cysts, haemorrhage.
Microscopic Morphology of Wilms Tumour ✅✅Triphasic: blastema, epithelium,
stroma; Possible heterologous elements; Anaplasia = pleomorphic, mitotic activity.
Overview questions with correct
solutions
Renal papillary adenoma ✅✅A benign kidney tumour.
Angiomyolipoma ✅✅A benign kidney tumour composed of blood vessels, muscle,
and fat.
Oncocytoma ✅✅A benign kidney tumour.
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) ✅✅A malignant kidney tumour with several subtypes.
Clear cell RCC ✅✅A subtype of RCC, accounting for 70-80% of cases.
Papillary RCC ✅✅A subtype of RCC, accounting for 10-15% of cases.
Chromophobe RCC ✅✅A subtype of RCC, accounting for less than 5% of cases.
Collecting duct (Bellini) carcinoma ✅✅A rare subtype of RCC, accounting for less
than 1% of cases.
Xp11 translocation carcinoma ✅✅A subtype of renal cell carcinoma.
Wilms tumour (nephroblastoma) ✅✅The most common kidney cancer in children,
typically seen in ages 2-5 years.
Urothelial carcinoma ✅✅A malignant tumour of the renal pelvis.
Classic Triad of RCC ✅✅Painless haematuria, costovertebral pain, and palpable
abdominal mass.
5-Year Survival Rate (no metastasis) ✅✅100% survival rate.
5-Year Survival Rate (renal vein/perinephric fat invasion) ✅✅60% survival rate.
5-Year Survival Rate (average overall) ✅✅70% survival rate.
Mode of Spread of RCC ✅✅Involves renal vein invasion and metastasis to lungs,
bones, lymph nodes, liver, adrenals, and brain.
, Paraneoplastic Syndromes ✅✅Hormonal effects including polycythemia,
hypercalcaemia, hypertension, and neurologic issues.
Blastemal ✅✅Small blue cells found in Wilms tumour.
Epithelial ✅✅Primitive tubules/glomeruli found in Wilms tumour.
Stromal ✅✅Myxoid/fibrocystic background found in Wilms tumour.
Wilms tumour bilateral occurrence ✅✅Occurs in 5-10% of cases.
Histology of Wilms tumour ✅✅Triphasic tumour consisting of blastemal, epithelial,
and stromal components.
Anaplasia ✅✅Worse prognosis.
WAGR syndrome ✅✅Wilms, Aniridia, GU anomalies, Retardation.
Denys-Drash syndrome ✅✅WT1 mutation; Nephropathy + gonadal dysgenesis.
Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome ✅✅WT2; Overgrowth + organomegaly.
Clinical Features of Wilms Tumour ✅✅Abdominal mass, Haematuria, Intestinal
obstruction, Hypertension, Lung metastases common at diagnosis.
Cure rate for Wilms Tumour ✅✅~85%.
Treatment for Wilms Tumour ✅✅Combo: Chemotherapy + Surgery ± Radiation.
Poor prognosis factors for Wilms Tumour ✅✅Anaplasia, Chromosome 1p/16q loss,
1q gain.
Adenoma ✅✅Benign; Small (<5 cm), Well-circumscribed, Pale yellow, No atypia.
Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) ✅✅Malignant; Larger size, Irregular margins, Necrosis
& haemorrhage, Atypia, vascular invasion.
Gross Morphology of Wilms Tumour ✅✅Large, soft, tan-grey mass, Well-
circumscribed, May have: necrosis, cysts, haemorrhage.
Microscopic Morphology of Wilms Tumour ✅✅Triphasic: blastema, epithelium,
stroma; Possible heterologous elements; Anaplasia = pleomorphic, mitotic activity.
