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Recopilación de Ejercicios Tipo Examen para Química de las Disoluciones Acuosas (UCV Ciencias del mar)

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Recopilación de 11 problemas tipo examen (sin respuesta) extraídos de exámenes de la asignatura de Química de las Disoluciones acuosas, del segundo cuatrimestre del primer año de la carrera de Ciencias del Mar, de la UCV.

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PROBLEMA 1

El proceso: C​(s)​ + H​2​O​(g)​ ↔ CO​(g)​ + H​2(g) se
​ conoce como reacción del gas de agua.

a) Calcular las variaciones estándar de entalpía, entropía, energía interna y energía libre
de dicha reacción a 25°C.

b) Comentar la espontaneidad de la reacción a 25°C en términos de las magnitudes
calculadas.

c) ¿Qué efecto tiene un aumento de la temperatura sobre la espontaneidad de la
reacción? Justificar la respuesta.

d) ¿Por qué la entropía del carbono es mucho menor que la del hidrógeno?

e) Calcular ​K​p​ a 25°C.

C​(s) H​2​O​(g) CO​(g) H​2(g)

Δ​H​f​° (kJ/mol) 0,0 –241,8 –110,5 0,0

Δ​S​° [J/(mol K)] 5,74 188,8 197,7 130,7

Datos:​ R = 8,314 J/(mol K) = 0,082 atm L/(mol K).



PROBLEMA 2

Los líquidos M y N forman a 25ºC disoluciones que pueden considerarse ideales.
Rellenar las casillas de la tabla y dibujar un diagrama aproximado situando las fases
adecuadamente:

P(mmHg) 702 762 824

X​M

Y​M 0.863 1.00


Solución: 0, 0, 0,492, 0.532, 804.8, 0.843, 1



PROBLEMA 3

La presión de vapor del agua a 110ºC es 1074,6 mmHG, calcule la presión de vapor
de una disolución al 2% en peso de sacarosa (C​12​ H​22​ O​11​) en agua

Solución: 1073.4 mmHg
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