NR 325 EXAM 2 NEWEST ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS

NR 325 EXAM 2 NEWEST 2024-2025 ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS

inflammation - (answer) immunologic defense against tissue injury, infection, or allergy



true or false: any injury will cause inflammation - (answer) true



2 attributes of inflammation - (answer) acute and/or chronic inflammation



true or false: surgery is a common cause of chronic inflammation - (answer) false



true or false: vasoconstriction is a symptom of inflammation - (answer) false



true or false: vasodilation is a symptom of inflammation - (answer) true. check cause for redness



Endothelial cell contraction - (answer) Margination of epithelial cells where they "squoosh" down & let
fluid out of the intravascular space into the interstitial space



what happens as a result of endothelial cell contraction? (5) - (answer) 1. swelling (erythrocytes or
RBCs go out with the fluid, which causes redness)

2. histamines are released and enter vascular space

3. neutrophils arrive

4. macrophages arrive

5. platelets aggregate



which WBCs are the first to arrive during an acute inflammatory response? - (answer) neutrophils



what do neutrophils do during an acute inflammatory response? - (answer) phagocytize, stop the
invading pathogen that triggered the inflammatory response



what do macrophages do? - (answer) complete phagocytosis. If the pathogen is an antigen, the
macrophages take a piece of the antigen and put it on the surface of their cell to initiate the immune
response

,NR 325 EXAM 2 NEWEST 2024-2025 ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS



chemotaxis - (answer) movement of WBCs toward inflammation site



what do platelets do during an acute inflammatory response? - (answer) aggregate to create a sticky
clot to stop bleeding and additional fluid leak



what do mast cells do? (3) - (answer) 1. release histamines

2. associated with complement system

3. release leukotrines



what does histamine do? - (answer) 1. vasodilation

2. vascular permeability

3. cellular infiltration (pus formation)

4. thrombosis (clots)

5. stimulate nerve endings (pain)



function of inflammatory response - (answer) - Repair of injured cells/tissues

- Fibrous tissue forms when repair is not possible



what type of tissue forms when repair is not possible? - (answer) fibrous



tissue granulation - (answer) newly formed, reddish/pink tissue related to the # of capillaries



5 symptoms of inflammation - (answer) 1. redness

2. swelling

3. heat

4. pain

5. limited movement

, NR 325 EXAM 2 NEWEST 2024-2025 ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS



what causes redness in inflammation? - (answer) prostaglandins, cytokines, and histamine release
leading to increase blood flow to area



What causes swelling & heat in inflammation? - (answer) combination of increased blood flow and
excavation of WBCs, fluid, and other substances out of the vascular system and into the surrounding
tissue (interstitial space) and injured area



What causes pain & limitation of movement in inflammation? - (answer) pressure of swollen tissue
that stimulate pain receptors and results in a loss of functioning of surrounding tissue

- Swelling can impede muscle & joint movement

- pain can cause avoidance of movements --> loss of function



5 consequences of excessive inflammatory response - (answer) 1. local tissue damage from
compression/swelling → obstruct blood flow

2. development of chronic inflammation

3. systemic problems

4. atherosclerosis

5. reactive airway disease & fibrotic remodeling



how does compression/swelling from local tissue damage impact veins? - (answer) - blood cannot
return to the heart

- pooling

- edema, making the swelling worse



how does compression/swelling from local tissue damage impact arteries? - (answer) - obstruct blood
flow

- cold to the touch

- poor cap refill

- faint pulse