Hesi specialty Exam Latest Updated 2025 with
complete solutions
red blood in stools
occurs with GI bleeding or localized bleeding around the anus
clay color stool
indicates absent bile pigment
steatorrhea
fat in the feces
encopresis
persistent passing of stools.
hemorrhoid
flabby skin
fistula
small round opening in anal area.
rectal prolapse
circular red doughnut of tissue
erythema
redness of the skin; Expected with FEVER, LOCAL INFLAMMATION, OR EMOTIONAL
REACTIONS. OCCURS WITH POLYCYTHEMIA, VENOUS STASIS, CARBON
MONOXIDE poisoning, petechiae, ecchymosis, hematoma
eyes-blindness
diabetic retinopathy. leadung cause of blindness in working age adults.
scotoma
a bling spot surrounded by normal or decrease vision.
night blindness (nyctalopia)
occurs with optic atrophy,glaucoma, VIT A deficiency.
monocular blindness
no pupillary response occurs if light is directed toward the blind eye
dysmetria
inability to control the distance, power, and speed of a muscular action
Dysarthria
difficulty forming words
dysphasia
difficulty with lannguage comprehension or expressions
menorrhagia
heavy menses
dysmenorrhea
abdominal cramping and pain associated with menstruation
hematuria
blood in the urine
alcohol CAGE
felt need to CUT DOWN?
ever felt ANNOYED by criticism of drinking?
,ever felt GUILTY?
ever needed a drink for morning EYE-OPENER?
The four unrelated word test
test the person to lay down new memories. they will improve their performance at 10
min and 30 min after being reminded of verbal cues
The get up and go test
Observes a person for balance, predicts ability for pt's to go out. Looks at ability to walk
and sit back down
The letters in the acronym PQRST mean
P = Provocation/Palliation: What caused it? What makes it better? What aggravates it?
Q= Quality/Quantity: (What is the quality of the pain? Use words to describe the pain
such as stabbing, burning, sharp, dull, crushing, throbbing, nauseating, shooting,
twisting, stretching, or aching.
R= Region/Radiation: Where is the pain located? Does the pain radiate anywhere?
S= Severity Scale: On a scale of 0 to 10, what is the intensity of the pain?
T= Timing: time course. Is there any pattern to when the pain occurs? When did the
pain start? Was it gradual or sudden?
Evidence-Based Assessment
´Current and best clinical practice based on research standards focused on systematic
reviews of randomized clinical trials (RCTs)
´Utilizing evidenced-based practice (EBP) in conjunction with provider experience will
lead to better health outcomes for patients
´Fostering a "culture of EBP" at both the undergraduate and graduate levels will assist
health educators to make EBP the "gold standard" of practice
Nursing Process
´Assessment: Collection of subjective and objective data
´Diagnoses: Analysis of subjective and objective data to make a professional nursing
judgement.
´Planning: Developing a plan of nursing care and outcome criteria.
´Implementation: Carrying out the plan of care.
´Evaluation: Assessing whether outcome criteria have been met and revising the plan
of care if necessary.
subjective data
Sensations or symptoms that can be verified only by the client (e.g., pain).
objective data
Findings directly observed or indirectly observed through measurements (e.g., body
temperature).
Comprehensive health assessment:
´When a client enters the hospital for an elective surgical procedure. The purpose is to
arrive at conclusions about the patient's health.
Ongoing or partial assessment:
includes a brief reassessment of the patient's normal body system.
´First-level priority
, ´Emergent, life threatening, and immediate
´Second-level priority
´Next in urgency, requiring attention so as to avoid further deterioration
´Third-level priority
´Important to patient's health but can be addressed after more urgent problems are
addressed
´Collaborative problems
´Approach to treatment involves multiple disciplines
Holistic Model of Health
´Mind, body and spirit are interdependent and function as a whole
´Mind, body and spirit are interdependent and function as a whole
´Thoughts, communications, actions, beliefs, values, and institutions of racial, ethnic,
religious, or social groups
´Characteristics of culture
´Learned
´Shared
´Adapted
´Dynamic
culturally sensitive
Possessing basic knowledge of and constructive attitudes toward diverse cultural
populations
cultural apppriate
applying underlying background knowledge necessary to provide the best possible
health care
culturally competent
´Understanding and attending to total context of patient's situation including the
following:
´Immigration status
´Stress and social factors
´Cultural similarities and differences
the interview
´Introducing the interview
´Working phase
´Data-gathering phase
´Verbal skills include questions to patient and your responses to what is said
two types of question
open-ended
closed ended
Open-Ended question
´Ask for narrative responses
closed or direct questions
ask for specific information. Elicit short one or two word answers a yes or no response.
Which of the following questions would likely warrant the best response?
Why did you come in today?
The primary purpose of the health history is to identify risk factors to the patient
and his or her significant others.
complete solutions
red blood in stools
occurs with GI bleeding or localized bleeding around the anus
clay color stool
indicates absent bile pigment
steatorrhea
fat in the feces
encopresis
persistent passing of stools.
hemorrhoid
flabby skin
fistula
small round opening in anal area.
rectal prolapse
circular red doughnut of tissue
erythema
redness of the skin; Expected with FEVER, LOCAL INFLAMMATION, OR EMOTIONAL
REACTIONS. OCCURS WITH POLYCYTHEMIA, VENOUS STASIS, CARBON
MONOXIDE poisoning, petechiae, ecchymosis, hematoma
eyes-blindness
diabetic retinopathy. leadung cause of blindness in working age adults.
scotoma
a bling spot surrounded by normal or decrease vision.
night blindness (nyctalopia)
occurs with optic atrophy,glaucoma, VIT A deficiency.
monocular blindness
no pupillary response occurs if light is directed toward the blind eye
dysmetria
inability to control the distance, power, and speed of a muscular action
Dysarthria
difficulty forming words
dysphasia
difficulty with lannguage comprehension or expressions
menorrhagia
heavy menses
dysmenorrhea
abdominal cramping and pain associated with menstruation
hematuria
blood in the urine
alcohol CAGE
felt need to CUT DOWN?
ever felt ANNOYED by criticism of drinking?
,ever felt GUILTY?
ever needed a drink for morning EYE-OPENER?
The four unrelated word test
test the person to lay down new memories. they will improve their performance at 10
min and 30 min after being reminded of verbal cues
The get up and go test
Observes a person for balance, predicts ability for pt's to go out. Looks at ability to walk
and sit back down
The letters in the acronym PQRST mean
P = Provocation/Palliation: What caused it? What makes it better? What aggravates it?
Q= Quality/Quantity: (What is the quality of the pain? Use words to describe the pain
such as stabbing, burning, sharp, dull, crushing, throbbing, nauseating, shooting,
twisting, stretching, or aching.
R= Region/Radiation: Where is the pain located? Does the pain radiate anywhere?
S= Severity Scale: On a scale of 0 to 10, what is the intensity of the pain?
T= Timing: time course. Is there any pattern to when the pain occurs? When did the
pain start? Was it gradual or sudden?
Evidence-Based Assessment
´Current and best clinical practice based on research standards focused on systematic
reviews of randomized clinical trials (RCTs)
´Utilizing evidenced-based practice (EBP) in conjunction with provider experience will
lead to better health outcomes for patients
´Fostering a "culture of EBP" at both the undergraduate and graduate levels will assist
health educators to make EBP the "gold standard" of practice
Nursing Process
´Assessment: Collection of subjective and objective data
´Diagnoses: Analysis of subjective and objective data to make a professional nursing
judgement.
´Planning: Developing a plan of nursing care and outcome criteria.
´Implementation: Carrying out the plan of care.
´Evaluation: Assessing whether outcome criteria have been met and revising the plan
of care if necessary.
subjective data
Sensations or symptoms that can be verified only by the client (e.g., pain).
objective data
Findings directly observed or indirectly observed through measurements (e.g., body
temperature).
Comprehensive health assessment:
´When a client enters the hospital for an elective surgical procedure. The purpose is to
arrive at conclusions about the patient's health.
Ongoing or partial assessment:
includes a brief reassessment of the patient's normal body system.
´First-level priority
, ´Emergent, life threatening, and immediate
´Second-level priority
´Next in urgency, requiring attention so as to avoid further deterioration
´Third-level priority
´Important to patient's health but can be addressed after more urgent problems are
addressed
´Collaborative problems
´Approach to treatment involves multiple disciplines
Holistic Model of Health
´Mind, body and spirit are interdependent and function as a whole
´Mind, body and spirit are interdependent and function as a whole
´Thoughts, communications, actions, beliefs, values, and institutions of racial, ethnic,
religious, or social groups
´Characteristics of culture
´Learned
´Shared
´Adapted
´Dynamic
culturally sensitive
Possessing basic knowledge of and constructive attitudes toward diverse cultural
populations
cultural apppriate
applying underlying background knowledge necessary to provide the best possible
health care
culturally competent
´Understanding and attending to total context of patient's situation including the
following:
´Immigration status
´Stress and social factors
´Cultural similarities and differences
the interview
´Introducing the interview
´Working phase
´Data-gathering phase
´Verbal skills include questions to patient and your responses to what is said
two types of question
open-ended
closed ended
Open-Ended question
´Ask for narrative responses
closed or direct questions
ask for specific information. Elicit short one or two word answers a yes or no response.
Which of the following questions would likely warrant the best response?
Why did you come in today?
The primary purpose of the health history is to identify risk factors to the patient
and his or her significant others.
