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Apuntes del Tema 6 de Química de las Disoluciones Acuosas de UCV Ciencias del Mar: Cinética Química

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Apuntes sobre el Tema 6 de la asignatura de Química de las Disoluciones acuosas, del segundo cuatrimestre del primer año de la carrera de Ciencias del Mar, de la UCV.

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September 17, 2020
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Written in
2018/2019
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Tema 6 - Cinética química

Velocidad de reacción
Si tenemos una reacción química del tipo: ​aA + bB → mM + nN

La variación con el tiempo de la concentración de cualquiera de las especies
químicas que intervienen en esta reacción viene definida por la siguiente
fórmula:




Ecuación de velocidad
La ecuación de velocidad es una expresión matemática que relaciona la
velocidad de reacción con las concentraciones de las especies químicas que
reaccionan entre sí. Viene definida por la siguiente expresión:




Donde:

● K ​es una constante, llamada constante específica de velocidad.

● α ​y ​β ​son los órdenes parciales de reacción respectivos de los reactivos
A y B. La suma de estos dos órdenes parciales da lugar al orden global
de reacción (​n​)

En las reacciones que transcurren en una sola etapa (​A → B​), los órdenes
parciales coinciden con los coeficientes estequiométricos, y el orden global con la
molecularidad (número de moléculas que intervienen en un proceso).


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