Instructor Manual: Automotive Engines Diagnosis, Repair, and Rebuilding 9th Edition Tim Gilles, Tim LeVan
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SolutionManualFor t t
Automotive Engines Diagnosis, Repair, and Rebuilding 9th Edition Tim Gilles, Tim LeVan
t t t t t t t t t t t
Chapter 1-19 t
Chapter 1: Engine Operation t t t
TABLE OF CONTENTS T T
Purpose and Perspective of the Chapter....................................................................................................... 2
t t t t t
Chapter Objectives ...................................................................................................................................... 2
t
Complete List of Chapter Activities and Assessments ................................................................................. 2
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Key Terms .................................................................................................................................................... 3
t
What’s New in This Chapter ........................................................................................................................ 3
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Chapter Outline ........................................................................................................................................... 3
t
Lesson Hints ................................................................................................................................................. 5
t
Reading Assignment .................................................................................................................................... 5
t
Written Assignments.................................................................................................................................... 5
t
Chapter1AnswersToStudyQuestions......................................................................................................... 5
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Chapter1 Answers To ASE-StyleReview Questions ....................................................................................... 6
t t t t t t
© 2024 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
1
accessible website, in whole or in part.
t t t t t t t
, InstructorManual: Chapter 1: Engine Operation
t t t t t
PURPOSE AND PERSPECTIVE OF THE CHAPTER T T T T T
The purpose of this chapter is to introduce students to the basic construction and operation of an internal
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
combustion engine. It describes the many engine components and how to identify the various pieces. Also
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
explained are the different engine classifications along with the different systems and how they work together
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
to keep the engine operating effectively.
t t t t t t
CHAPTER OBJECTIVES T
Upon completion of this chapter, the student should be able to:
t t t t t t t t t t
Explain the principles of internal combustion engine operation.
t t t t t t t
Identifyinternal combustion engine parts by name.
t t t t t t
Explain various engine classifications and systems.
t t t t t
COMPLETE LIST OF CHAPTER ACTIVITIES AND ASSESSMENTS T T T T T T
For additional guidance, refer to the TeachingOnline Guide.
t t t t t t t t
Chapter Activity/Assessment Source (i.e., PPT t t Duration
Objective slide, Workbook) t
Explain the t Icebreaker PPT slide 2 t t 10–15 mins t
principles of
t t
internal
t
combustion
t
engineoperation.
t t
Identifyinternal t Activity PPT slide 27 t t 10–20 minutes t
combustion
t
engine parts by
t t t
name.
t
Explainvarious t Self-Assessment PPT slide 29 t t 5–10 minutes t
engine
t
classifications
t
and
t
systems.
[return to top] t t
© 2024 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
2
accessible website, in whole or in part.
t t t t t t t
, InstructorManual: Chapter 1: Engine Operation
t t t t t
KEY TERMS T
BDC:Bottom Dead Center, referring to the location of the piston at the bottom of the stroke
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
bimetal engine: Engines composed of cast iron block and aluminum heads
t t t t t t t t t t
blowby: Gasses that escape past piston rings
t t t t t t
companion cylinders: term given to pairs of cylinders found in engines with even number of cylinders
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
compression ratio: the ratio at which the air fuel gas mixture is compressed
t t t t t t t t t t t t
t displacement: refers to the volume that the piston displaces in the cylinder firing
t t t t t t t t t t t t
t order: The sequence in which the spark plugs fire in each cylinder
t t t t t t t t t t t
lower end: Refers to the location at the bottom of the block where the crankshaft and bearings are located
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
TDC: Top Dead Center, referring to the location of the piston at the top of the stroke
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
transverse engine: term given to the engines in front wheel drive vehicles
t t t t t t t t t t t
[return to top] t t
WHAT’S NEW IN THIS CHAPTER T T T T
[Information to be added later by author] t t t t t t
Thefollowing elementsareimprovementsin thischapter fromthepreviousedition:
t t t t t t t t t t t
[return to top] t t
CHAPTER OUTLINE T
In a simple one-cylinder engine, the reciprocating (up-and-down) motion of the piston is changed to
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
usable rotary motion by the connecting rod and crankshaft. A flywheel gives momentum to the
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
crankshaft between power strokes. Valves control the engine’s intake and exhaust. (PPT Slide 4)
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
During one four-stroke cycle, the intake, compression, power, and exhaust strokes are completed. This
t t t t t t t t t t t t t
action takes 720° , or two crankshaft revolutions. (PPT Slide 5)
t t t t t t t t t t
© 2024 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
3
accessible website, in whole or in part.
t t t t t t t
, InstructorManual: Chapter 1: Engine Operation t t t t t
The compression ratio is how the engine makes the most efficient use of the combustion event in each
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
cylinder. The higher the compression ratio the more potential output a cylinder has. (PPT Slide 6)
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
Cylinders are arranged in-line, in a V-type, or opposed to each other. The most popular
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
automotive engines have four, six, or eight cylinders. (PPT Slide 7)
t t t t t t t t t t t
The camshaft controls the opening and closing of the valves and, thus, the way that the engine
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
breathes. Different cam grinds provide better low-speed or better high-speed operation. (PPT
t t t t t t t t t t t t
Slides 8, 9)
t t t
The camshaft is driven by a chain, a belt, or gears. (PPT Slide 8)
t t t t t t t t t t t t t
Camshafts are driven by a timing chain or a timingbelt. (PPT Slides 8, 9) t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
Cylinder rows, called banks, are determined from the flywheel end of the engine. A complete
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
engine assembly including the heads is called a long block; without heads it is called a short block.
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
(PPT Slide 12, 13)
t t t t
The crankcase houses the crankshaft and bearings. It is enclosed by the oil pan. The crankshaft has a
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
flywheel on one end and a vibration damper or pulley on the other end. The part that the bearing rides
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
against is called the main or rod bearing journal. Crankpins on four cylinders are offset from each
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
other by 180° , in-line six cylinders by 120° , and V8s by 90° . (PPT Slides 14)
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
Engine sizes are described by their cylinder displacement, usually in liters. Engine breathing
t t t t t t t t t t t t
determines the power that the engine develops. (PPT Slide 15)
t t t t t t t t t t
The location of the camshaft depends on the engine design and the type of vehicle the engine is being
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
put in. Cam-In Block engines have the camshaft in the cylinder block. Overhead cam engines have
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
the camshaft in the cylinder head. (PPT Slide 17)
t t t t t t t t t
Engine cylinders are fired in one of several firingorders. (PPT Slide 21)
t t t t t t t t t t t t
Pairs of pistons that go up and down together but fire 360° fromeach other are called
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companions. (PPT Slide 19)
t t t t
Most engines have liquid coolingsystems that use coolant to prevent rust and corrosion and
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
provide additional protection against freezing and boiling. (PPT Slides 23–25)
t t t t t t t t t t
Spark ignition engines utilize a spark plug to start the ignition event. (PPT Slide 26)
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
Compression engines utilize heat and pressure to start the ignition event in the cylinder (PPT Slide t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
27)
t
© 2024 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
4
accessible website, in whole or in part.
t t t t t t t
t t t t t t t t t t t t t
SolutionManualFor t t
Automotive Engines Diagnosis, Repair, and Rebuilding 9th Edition Tim Gilles, Tim LeVan
t t t t t t t t t t t
Chapter 1-19 t
Chapter 1: Engine Operation t t t
TABLE OF CONTENTS T T
Purpose and Perspective of the Chapter....................................................................................................... 2
t t t t t
Chapter Objectives ...................................................................................................................................... 2
t
Complete List of Chapter Activities and Assessments ................................................................................. 2
t t t t t t
Key Terms .................................................................................................................................................... 3
t
What’s New in This Chapter ........................................................................................................................ 3
t t t t
Chapter Outline ........................................................................................................................................... 3
t
Lesson Hints ................................................................................................................................................. 5
t
Reading Assignment .................................................................................................................................... 5
t
Written Assignments.................................................................................................................................... 5
t
Chapter1AnswersToStudyQuestions......................................................................................................... 5
t t t t t
Chapter1 Answers To ASE-StyleReview Questions ....................................................................................... 6
t t t t t t
© 2024 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
1
accessible website, in whole or in part.
t t t t t t t
, InstructorManual: Chapter 1: Engine Operation
t t t t t
PURPOSE AND PERSPECTIVE OF THE CHAPTER T T T T T
The purpose of this chapter is to introduce students to the basic construction and operation of an internal
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
combustion engine. It describes the many engine components and how to identify the various pieces. Also
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
explained are the different engine classifications along with the different systems and how they work together
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
to keep the engine operating effectively.
t t t t t t
CHAPTER OBJECTIVES T
Upon completion of this chapter, the student should be able to:
t t t t t t t t t t
Explain the principles of internal combustion engine operation.
t t t t t t t
Identifyinternal combustion engine parts by name.
t t t t t t
Explain various engine classifications and systems.
t t t t t
COMPLETE LIST OF CHAPTER ACTIVITIES AND ASSESSMENTS T T T T T T
For additional guidance, refer to the TeachingOnline Guide.
t t t t t t t t
Chapter Activity/Assessment Source (i.e., PPT t t Duration
Objective slide, Workbook) t
Explain the t Icebreaker PPT slide 2 t t 10–15 mins t
principles of
t t
internal
t
combustion
t
engineoperation.
t t
Identifyinternal t Activity PPT slide 27 t t 10–20 minutes t
combustion
t
engine parts by
t t t
name.
t
Explainvarious t Self-Assessment PPT slide 29 t t 5–10 minutes t
engine
t
classifications
t
and
t
systems.
[return to top] t t
© 2024 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
2
accessible website, in whole or in part.
t t t t t t t
, InstructorManual: Chapter 1: Engine Operation
t t t t t
KEY TERMS T
BDC:Bottom Dead Center, referring to the location of the piston at the bottom of the stroke
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
bimetal engine: Engines composed of cast iron block and aluminum heads
t t t t t t t t t t
blowby: Gasses that escape past piston rings
t t t t t t
companion cylinders: term given to pairs of cylinders found in engines with even number of cylinders
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
compression ratio: the ratio at which the air fuel gas mixture is compressed
t t t t t t t t t t t t
t displacement: refers to the volume that the piston displaces in the cylinder firing
t t t t t t t t t t t t
t order: The sequence in which the spark plugs fire in each cylinder
t t t t t t t t t t t
lower end: Refers to the location at the bottom of the block where the crankshaft and bearings are located
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
TDC: Top Dead Center, referring to the location of the piston at the top of the stroke
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
transverse engine: term given to the engines in front wheel drive vehicles
t t t t t t t t t t t
[return to top] t t
WHAT’S NEW IN THIS CHAPTER T T T T
[Information to be added later by author] t t t t t t
Thefollowing elementsareimprovementsin thischapter fromthepreviousedition:
t t t t t t t t t t t
[return to top] t t
CHAPTER OUTLINE T
In a simple one-cylinder engine, the reciprocating (up-and-down) motion of the piston is changed to
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
usable rotary motion by the connecting rod and crankshaft. A flywheel gives momentum to the
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
crankshaft between power strokes. Valves control the engine’s intake and exhaust. (PPT Slide 4)
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
During one four-stroke cycle, the intake, compression, power, and exhaust strokes are completed. This
t t t t t t t t t t t t t
action takes 720° , or two crankshaft revolutions. (PPT Slide 5)
t t t t t t t t t t
© 2024 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
3
accessible website, in whole or in part.
t t t t t t t
, InstructorManual: Chapter 1: Engine Operation t t t t t
The compression ratio is how the engine makes the most efficient use of the combustion event in each
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
cylinder. The higher the compression ratio the more potential output a cylinder has. (PPT Slide 6)
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
Cylinders are arranged in-line, in a V-type, or opposed to each other. The most popular
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
automotive engines have four, six, or eight cylinders. (PPT Slide 7)
t t t t t t t t t t t
The camshaft controls the opening and closing of the valves and, thus, the way that the engine
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
breathes. Different cam grinds provide better low-speed or better high-speed operation. (PPT
t t t t t t t t t t t t
Slides 8, 9)
t t t
The camshaft is driven by a chain, a belt, or gears. (PPT Slide 8)
t t t t t t t t t t t t t
Camshafts are driven by a timing chain or a timingbelt. (PPT Slides 8, 9) t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
Cylinder rows, called banks, are determined from the flywheel end of the engine. A complete
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
engine assembly including the heads is called a long block; without heads it is called a short block.
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
(PPT Slide 12, 13)
t t t t
The crankcase houses the crankshaft and bearings. It is enclosed by the oil pan. The crankshaft has a
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
flywheel on one end and a vibration damper or pulley on the other end. The part that the bearing rides
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
against is called the main or rod bearing journal. Crankpins on four cylinders are offset from each
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
other by 180° , in-line six cylinders by 120° , and V8s by 90° . (PPT Slides 14)
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
Engine sizes are described by their cylinder displacement, usually in liters. Engine breathing
t t t t t t t t t t t t
determines the power that the engine develops. (PPT Slide 15)
t t t t t t t t t t
The location of the camshaft depends on the engine design and the type of vehicle the engine is being
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
put in. Cam-In Block engines have the camshaft in the cylinder block. Overhead cam engines have
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
the camshaft in the cylinder head. (PPT Slide 17)
t t t t t t t t t
Engine cylinders are fired in one of several firingorders. (PPT Slide 21)
t t t t t t t t t t t t
Pairs of pistons that go up and down together but fire 360° fromeach other are called
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
companions. (PPT Slide 19)
t t t t
Most engines have liquid coolingsystems that use coolant to prevent rust and corrosion and
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
provide additional protection against freezing and boiling. (PPT Slides 23–25)
t t t t t t t t t t
Spark ignition engines utilize a spark plug to start the ignition event. (PPT Slide 26)
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
Compression engines utilize heat and pressure to start the ignition event in the cylinder (PPT Slide t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
27)
t
© 2024 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
4
accessible website, in whole or in part.
t t t t t t t
