Genetics From Genes To Genomes 6th Edition Hartwell / All Chapters 1-22 / Full Complete Test Bank

Test Bank for Genetics From Genes To Genomes 6th
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Edition Hartwell / All Chapters 1-22 / Full Complete
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Hartwell
Chapter 1 Genetics: The Study of Biological Information
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1) How does DNA structure relate to its function?
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- The order of nucleotides in a DNA strand specifies the order of amino acids in
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aIprotein.
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2) What is a difference between the structure of DNA and proteins?
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- DNA is composed of nucleotides and proteins are composed of amino acids.
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3) A genome can be best described as
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- the DNA in all chromosomes in a cell.
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4) What is the difference between the function of DNA and the function of proteins?
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- DNA stores genetic information and proteins perform most cellular functions.
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5) Which statement supports the theory that all organisms are related?
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- The genetic code is almost universal. V V V V V




6) New genes are thought to arise by which mechanism?
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- Gene duplication followed by divergence due to mutation.
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7) What is the most likely way a mutation in one gene can convert one body part to
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another?
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- The mutated gene encodes a protein that affects the expression of many other
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genes.

8) A recent technical advancement that has accelerated the study of genomes is the
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abilityto
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- sequence large complex genomes rapidly and inexpensively. V V V V V V




9) What is the difference between genetic dissection and genome sequencing?
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- Genetic dissection reveals information about one gene at a time and V V V V V V V V V V




genomesequencing reveals information about all the genes in a genome at once.
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10) Currently, what information can be obtained from sequencing an individual's genome?
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- Information about gene variants that predispose a person to a disease, such V V V V V V V V V V V




asIcancer.
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11) Which is not a potential problem of allowing the genomic sequences of individuals
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tobecome widely available?
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- Advances leading to healthier lives for some people. V V V V V V V

,12) One strand of DNA has the sequence 5′ GGTCTA 3′. What is the sequence of the
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otherIstrand?
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- 5′ TAGACC 3′ V V




13) Which statement is true about the structure of DNA?
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- The two strands of a DNA molecule are held together by base pairing.
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14) The size of the mouse (M. musculus) genome is 2700 megabases (Mb) and it contains
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about 25,000 genes arranged on 40 chromosomes. If the genes are evenly distributed on
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chromosomes in the mouse, what is the average number of genes per chromosome?
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- 625 V




15) Which statement about the structure of proteins is false?
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- Most proteins consist of two amino acid polymers attached together by hydrogen
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bonding.
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16) Which is a structural feature shared by DNA, RNA, and proteins?
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- The order of monomers is important for function.
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17) A segment of a protein has the amino acid sequence Ser—Gly—Leu. Is it possible
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toinfer the sequence of the RNA that encodes this amino acid sequence?
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No; more than one type of RNA (more than one base sequence) could encode this
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aminoacid sequence.
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,18) A sequence of bases in the middle of an RNA used to encode a polypeptide has the
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sequence UUA—AUG—CGU. Is it possible to infer the sequence of the amino acids encoded by
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this RNA?
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- Yes, the sequence is Leu—Met—Arg.
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19) Mutation of a mouse gene results in mice that lack heart muscle. What characteristic
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would you expect to find in a human gene that has a common origin with this mouse gene?
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- The human and mouse genes will specify proteins with similar amino
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acidsequences.
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20) A mouse gene was identified and determined to be required for formation of heart
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muscle. A gene with a similar sequence was identified in the human genome. What
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experiment could scientists do to determine if the mouse and human genes have
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similarfunctions?
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- The scientist could place the normal human gene into mutant mice to see if
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heartmuscle forms in the mouse.
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, 21) A sequence of amino acids found in a subunit of the ATP synthase enzyme in several
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species is shown below. Which amino acids are likely to be most important to the function of
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ATP synthase?
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- Those that are shaded dark blue because the amino acids are identical between
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species.
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22) The function of a single fruit fly gene was inactivated completely by mutation. A fruit
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flywith this mutation did not have legs. Which is a reasonable conclusion to make based on
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this information?
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- The normal gene function is required for leg formation in fruit flies.
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23) Galactosemia is a metabolic disorder characterized by the inability to metabolize V V V V V V V V V V




thesugar galactose. People with galactosemia suffer from liver, kidney, and brain
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damage among other symptoms. A gene mutation underlying galactosemia was
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identified by sequencing the genome of a person with galactosemia. What additional
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evidence would support the hypothesis that the mutation in the candidate gene causes
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the disease?
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- Sequencing the genomes from unrelated people with galactosemia and discovering V V V V V V V V V




that they also have mutations in the candidate gene.
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Brooker
Chapter 1 Overview of Genetics V V V V




1) The basic unit of heredity is the
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- gene


2) A variation of a gene is called a(n)
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- allele

3) Which of the following acts to accelerate chemical reactions in a cell?
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- Enzymes