NR 507 ENDOCRINE SYSTEM QUESTIONS WITH
100% ACCURATE ANSWERS
The only way for a hormone to work is through the blood stream. - Accurate answers False.
The endocrine cell can also secrete hormones that target cells directly close it. When this occurs, this
type of secretion is known as paracrine signaling.
Lipid-derived hormones cross the cell membrane and bind to receptors in the cell's cytoplasm -
Accurate answers True.
This statement is true. Lipid-derived hormones cross the cell membrane and bind to receptors in the
cell's cytoplasm.
The anterior lobe of the pituitary produces its own hormones - Accurate answers True.
This statement is true. The anterior lobe of the pituitary produces its own hormones
To be considered a lipid hormone, it must be bound to a protein and it must bind to receptors inside the
cell membrane - Accurate answers False.
It must be bound to a protein and it bind to receptors on the cell membrane rather than inside the cell
membrane.
The pineal gland is responsible for regulating the sleep-wake cycle - Accurate answers True.
The posterior lobe of the pituitary produces its own hormones - Accurate answers False.
The posterior pituitary receives its hormones (oxytocin and ADH) from the hypothalamus. The anterior
pituitary produces its own hormones.
Aldosterone promotes sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion in the kidneys. - Accurate
answers This statement is true.
Hyperthyroidism - Accurate answers Elevated Thyroid Hormone
Suppressed TSH
Enlarged liver
Hand tremors
Hypothyroidism - Accurate answers Decreased thyroid hormone and
Elevated TSH
Fatigue
, Diminished deep tendon reflexes
Type 1 DM - Accurate answers Onset 1<10-20 years
Associated with diabetic ketoacidosis
Symptoms: polyuria, polyphagia, polydipsia
Autoimmune:Genetic and environmental factors, resulting in gradual process of autoimmune
destruction in genetically susceptible individuals
Nonautoimmune:Unknown
Strong association with HLA-DQA and HLA-DQB genes
acute complications: Diabetic ketoacidosis
Type 2 DM - Accurate answers Usually > 40 years of age
Associated with hyperosmolar nonketotic coma
Symptoms: weakness, weight loss, infections
Results from genetic susceptibility (polygenic) combined with environmental determinants and other
risk factors
Inherited defects in beta-cell mass and function combined with peripheral tissue insulin resistance
Associated with long-duration obesity
strong genetic association
Acute complications: Hyperosmolar nonketotic coma
alpha cells - Accurate answers responsible for secreting glucagon
beta cells - Accurate answers responsible for secreting insulin and amylin
inhibits glucagon secretion
delta cells - Accurate answers responsible for secreting gastrin and somatostatin
F (PP) Cells - Accurate answers secrete pancreatic polypeptide that stimulates gastric secretions
and antagonizes cholecystokinin.
Criteria to diagnose Diabetes Type 1 and 2 - Accurate answers FPG ≥126 mg/dL (7.0 mmol/L).
Fasting is defined as no caloric intake for at least 8 h*
OR
2-h PG ≥200 mg/dL (11.1 mmol/L) during OGTT. The test should be performed as described by the WHO,
using a glucose load containing the equivalent of 75 g anhydrous glucose dissolved in water*
OR
A1C ≥6.5% (48 mmol/mol). The test should be performed in a laboratory using a method that is NGSP
certified and standardized to the DCCT assay*
OR
In a patient with classic symptoms of hyperglycemia or hyperglycemic crisis, a random plasma glucose
≥200 mg/dL (11.1 mmol/L)
100% ACCURATE ANSWERS
The only way for a hormone to work is through the blood stream. - Accurate answers False.
The endocrine cell can also secrete hormones that target cells directly close it. When this occurs, this
type of secretion is known as paracrine signaling.
Lipid-derived hormones cross the cell membrane and bind to receptors in the cell's cytoplasm -
Accurate answers True.
This statement is true. Lipid-derived hormones cross the cell membrane and bind to receptors in the
cell's cytoplasm.
The anterior lobe of the pituitary produces its own hormones - Accurate answers True.
This statement is true. The anterior lobe of the pituitary produces its own hormones
To be considered a lipid hormone, it must be bound to a protein and it must bind to receptors inside the
cell membrane - Accurate answers False.
It must be bound to a protein and it bind to receptors on the cell membrane rather than inside the cell
membrane.
The pineal gland is responsible for regulating the sleep-wake cycle - Accurate answers True.
The posterior lobe of the pituitary produces its own hormones - Accurate answers False.
The posterior pituitary receives its hormones (oxytocin and ADH) from the hypothalamus. The anterior
pituitary produces its own hormones.
Aldosterone promotes sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion in the kidneys. - Accurate
answers This statement is true.
Hyperthyroidism - Accurate answers Elevated Thyroid Hormone
Suppressed TSH
Enlarged liver
Hand tremors
Hypothyroidism - Accurate answers Decreased thyroid hormone and
Elevated TSH
Fatigue
, Diminished deep tendon reflexes
Type 1 DM - Accurate answers Onset 1<10-20 years
Associated with diabetic ketoacidosis
Symptoms: polyuria, polyphagia, polydipsia
Autoimmune:Genetic and environmental factors, resulting in gradual process of autoimmune
destruction in genetically susceptible individuals
Nonautoimmune:Unknown
Strong association with HLA-DQA and HLA-DQB genes
acute complications: Diabetic ketoacidosis
Type 2 DM - Accurate answers Usually > 40 years of age
Associated with hyperosmolar nonketotic coma
Symptoms: weakness, weight loss, infections
Results from genetic susceptibility (polygenic) combined with environmental determinants and other
risk factors
Inherited defects in beta-cell mass and function combined with peripheral tissue insulin resistance
Associated with long-duration obesity
strong genetic association
Acute complications: Hyperosmolar nonketotic coma
alpha cells - Accurate answers responsible for secreting glucagon
beta cells - Accurate answers responsible for secreting insulin and amylin
inhibits glucagon secretion
delta cells - Accurate answers responsible for secreting gastrin and somatostatin
F (PP) Cells - Accurate answers secrete pancreatic polypeptide that stimulates gastric secretions
and antagonizes cholecystokinin.
Criteria to diagnose Diabetes Type 1 and 2 - Accurate answers FPG ≥126 mg/dL (7.0 mmol/L).
Fasting is defined as no caloric intake for at least 8 h*
OR
2-h PG ≥200 mg/dL (11.1 mmol/L) during OGTT. The test should be performed as described by the WHO,
using a glucose load containing the equivalent of 75 g anhydrous glucose dissolved in water*
OR
A1C ≥6.5% (48 mmol/mol). The test should be performed in a laboratory using a method that is NGSP
certified and standardized to the DCCT assay*
OR
In a patient with classic symptoms of hyperglycemia or hyperglycemic crisis, a random plasma glucose
≥200 mg/dL (11.1 mmol/L)
