APEA Pharm Cardiovascular Exam (Actual Exam) with
Questions and Verified Answers
The side effect profile of angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) is similar
to the side effects of:
angiotensin-converting enzymes (ACE) inhibitors.
beta-blockers.
calcium channel blockers.
pressors.
angiotensin-converting enzymes (ACE) inhibitors.
Isosorbide dinitrate (Isordil) is indicated for the treatment of:
acute angina.
chronic angina.
myocardial infarction.
esophageal spasm.
chronic angina.
Isosorbide dinitrate (Isordil) titradose tablets are indicated for the
prevention of angina pectoris due to coronary artery disease. The onset of
action of immediate-release oral isosorbide dinitrate is not sufficiently
rapid for this product to be useful in aborting an acute anginal episode.
Therefore, it is not indicated in the treatment of acute angina and
myocardial infarction. The treatment of esophageal spasms disorders is an
off-label use.
Non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers (i.e. verapamil) may be safely
used in patients with:
heart failure.
bradycardia.
second-degree AV block.
chronic stable angina.
chronic stable angina.
Non-dihydropyridine CCBs (non-DHP CCB; i.e. verapamil [Calan] and diltiazem
[Cardizem]) have negative chronotropic and inotropic effects. Therefore,
they slow down heart rate and decrease force of ventricular contractions.
Non-DHP CCBs are contraindicated in patients with heart failure who have
reduced ejection fraction, sick sinus syndrome, and second- or third-degree
atrioventricular block. Since non-DHP CCBs increase myocardial blood flow
, APEA Pharm Cardiovascular Exam (Actual Exam) with
Questions and Verified Answers
by dilating coronary arteries, they are beneficial in patients with chronic
stable angina.
Patients who are started on olmesartan (Benicar) should be advised to
report:
bladder spasms and dysuria.
constipation and weakness.
diarrhea and weight loss.
metallic taste and easy bruising.
diarrhea and weight loss.
Patients should be advised to report persistent chronic diarrhea and weight
loss while taking olmesartan medoxomil (Benicar). This drug can produce a
sprue-like enteropathy characterized by severe chronic diarrhea and weight
loss occurring months to years after initiation of the drug. Benicar is an
angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB). Once other etiologies have been
excluded, discontinue Benicar and consider an alternative hypertension
treatment.
We have an expert-written solution to this problem!
The medication that produces vasodilation and thus lowers blood pressure by
inhibiting the formation of angiotensin II is:
amlodipine (Norvasc).
losartan (Cozaar).
enalapril (Vasotec).
metoprolol (Lopressor).
enalapril (Vasotec).
Amlodipine (Norvasc) is a calcium channel blocker, losartan (Cozaar) is an
angiotensin II receptor blocker, and metoprolol (Lopressor) is a beta-
blocker.
Dabigatran (Pradaxa), an anticoagulant, is also classified as a:
direct factor Xa inhibitor.
direct thrombin inhibitor.
indirect thrombin inhibitor.
, APEA Pharm Cardiovascular Exam (Actual Exam) with
Questions and Verified Answers
factor V inhibitor.
direct thrombin inhibitor.
Dabigatran (Pradaxa) is a direct thrombin inhibitor (DTI). Medications in
this class inactivate circulating and clotting thrombin (factor IIa). They
prevent thrombin (central to the generation of a thrombus) from attaching
fibrinogen to fibrin.
Key advantages of using DTIs instead of heparin is that they: produce a
more predictable anticoagulant effect due to their lack of binding to other
plasma proteins; exert an antiplatelet effect; and do not cause immune-
mediated thrombocytopenia.
Loop diuretics such as bumetanide (Bumex):
produce a large volume of diuresis even at very low doses.
are more commonly used in patients with a decreased glomerular filtration
rate.
reduce blood pressure as effectively as thiazide diuretics when used as
monotherapy.
can be safely administered to patients who have sulfonamide agent allergies.
are more commonly used in patients with a decreased glomerular filtration
rate.
Loop diuretics are commonly used to control volume retention and are more
commonly prescribed for patients with decreased glomerular filtration rate
or heart failure. Loop diuretics do not reduce blood pressure as
effectively as thiazide diuretics when they are used as monotherapy. They
possess a sulfonamide group, which has important clinical relevance for
patients with allergies to sulfonamide agents.
It is safe to use ranolazine (Ranexa) concomitantly with:
fluconazole (Diflucan).
phenytoin (Dilantin).
amlodipine (Norvasc).
clarithromycin (Cleocin).
amlodipine (Norvasc).
Questions and Verified Answers
The side effect profile of angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) is similar
to the side effects of:
angiotensin-converting enzymes (ACE) inhibitors.
beta-blockers.
calcium channel blockers.
pressors.
angiotensin-converting enzymes (ACE) inhibitors.
Isosorbide dinitrate (Isordil) is indicated for the treatment of:
acute angina.
chronic angina.
myocardial infarction.
esophageal spasm.
chronic angina.
Isosorbide dinitrate (Isordil) titradose tablets are indicated for the
prevention of angina pectoris due to coronary artery disease. The onset of
action of immediate-release oral isosorbide dinitrate is not sufficiently
rapid for this product to be useful in aborting an acute anginal episode.
Therefore, it is not indicated in the treatment of acute angina and
myocardial infarction. The treatment of esophageal spasms disorders is an
off-label use.
Non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers (i.e. verapamil) may be safely
used in patients with:
heart failure.
bradycardia.
second-degree AV block.
chronic stable angina.
chronic stable angina.
Non-dihydropyridine CCBs (non-DHP CCB; i.e. verapamil [Calan] and diltiazem
[Cardizem]) have negative chronotropic and inotropic effects. Therefore,
they slow down heart rate and decrease force of ventricular contractions.
Non-DHP CCBs are contraindicated in patients with heart failure who have
reduced ejection fraction, sick sinus syndrome, and second- or third-degree
atrioventricular block. Since non-DHP CCBs increase myocardial blood flow
, APEA Pharm Cardiovascular Exam (Actual Exam) with
Questions and Verified Answers
by dilating coronary arteries, they are beneficial in patients with chronic
stable angina.
Patients who are started on olmesartan (Benicar) should be advised to
report:
bladder spasms and dysuria.
constipation and weakness.
diarrhea and weight loss.
metallic taste and easy bruising.
diarrhea and weight loss.
Patients should be advised to report persistent chronic diarrhea and weight
loss while taking olmesartan medoxomil (Benicar). This drug can produce a
sprue-like enteropathy characterized by severe chronic diarrhea and weight
loss occurring months to years after initiation of the drug. Benicar is an
angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB). Once other etiologies have been
excluded, discontinue Benicar and consider an alternative hypertension
treatment.
We have an expert-written solution to this problem!
The medication that produces vasodilation and thus lowers blood pressure by
inhibiting the formation of angiotensin II is:
amlodipine (Norvasc).
losartan (Cozaar).
enalapril (Vasotec).
metoprolol (Lopressor).
enalapril (Vasotec).
Amlodipine (Norvasc) is a calcium channel blocker, losartan (Cozaar) is an
angiotensin II receptor blocker, and metoprolol (Lopressor) is a beta-
blocker.
Dabigatran (Pradaxa), an anticoagulant, is also classified as a:
direct factor Xa inhibitor.
direct thrombin inhibitor.
indirect thrombin inhibitor.
, APEA Pharm Cardiovascular Exam (Actual Exam) with
Questions and Verified Answers
factor V inhibitor.
direct thrombin inhibitor.
Dabigatran (Pradaxa) is a direct thrombin inhibitor (DTI). Medications in
this class inactivate circulating and clotting thrombin (factor IIa). They
prevent thrombin (central to the generation of a thrombus) from attaching
fibrinogen to fibrin.
Key advantages of using DTIs instead of heparin is that they: produce a
more predictable anticoagulant effect due to their lack of binding to other
plasma proteins; exert an antiplatelet effect; and do not cause immune-
mediated thrombocytopenia.
Loop diuretics such as bumetanide (Bumex):
produce a large volume of diuresis even at very low doses.
are more commonly used in patients with a decreased glomerular filtration
rate.
reduce blood pressure as effectively as thiazide diuretics when used as
monotherapy.
can be safely administered to patients who have sulfonamide agent allergies.
are more commonly used in patients with a decreased glomerular filtration
rate.
Loop diuretics are commonly used to control volume retention and are more
commonly prescribed for patients with decreased glomerular filtration rate
or heart failure. Loop diuretics do not reduce blood pressure as
effectively as thiazide diuretics when they are used as monotherapy. They
possess a sulfonamide group, which has important clinical relevance for
patients with allergies to sulfonamide agents.
It is safe to use ranolazine (Ranexa) concomitantly with:
fluconazole (Diflucan).
phenytoin (Dilantin).
amlodipine (Norvasc).
clarithromycin (Cleocin).
amlodipine (Norvasc).
