Diversity of Form and Function
Exam 2 - University of Iowa
Exam Questions with Correct
Answers
General Characteristics of Animals - Correct Answer: - multicellularity
- heterotrophic metabolism
- internal digestion
- movement
- nervous systems
Components of Animal Body Plans - Correct Answer: - symmetry
- digestive system
- body cavity (coelom)
- segmentation
- appendages
- nervous system -> sensory systems
Types of Symmetry - Correct Answer: - spherical
- radial
- bilateral
Spherical Symmetry - Correct Answer: - has a single point from which any plane that bisects it results in
similar halves, no apparent top/bottom
Radial Symmetry - Correct Answer: - have an anterior/posterior, anterior end typically associated with
the mouth
,Bilateral Symmetry - Correct Answer: - have an anterior/posterior, anterior end typically associated with
the mouth
- has a true dorsal/ventral
- has right/left
- associated with greater mobility
Types of Internal Digestive Systems - Correct Answer: - sac design
- tube
Sac Design - Correct Answer: - Ex. (hydra)
- only one opening for both eating of food and excretion of wastes
- functions in circulation, gas exchange, and as hydrostatic skeleton
- lack specialization for ingestion/regurgitation
- lacks organs for specialized digestion/absorption
- remain small and thin
Tube - Correct Answer: - Ex. (humans)
- gut
- two openings: mouth for eating, anus for excreting
- sometimes used for purposes other than digestion
- associated with more complex forms and greater size and thickness but that requires additional
exchange systems
Different Strategies of Body Cavities - Correct Answer: - acoelomates
- pseudocoelomates
- coelomates
Acoelomates - Correct Answer: - no coelom (cavity)
- no cavity, filled with masses of cells
,- often lack complex organs
- move by beating cilia
- sometimes refers only to triploblastic organisms, but often used for diploblastic organisms as well
Pseudocoelomates - Correct Answer: - coelom not completely enclosed
- have interior (sterile) cavity
- cavity is not completely enclosed by mesoderm
- fluid filled space
Coelomate - Correct Answer: - possesses a true coelom (a body cavity lined by tissue completely derived
from mesoderm).
Segmentation - Correct Answer: - most animals are at least partially segmented
- sometimes are just repeated structures
- allows specialization of body regions
- helps changes of body shape
- changes in segmentation can often result from changes in the expressions of HoX genes
- changes in segmentation allowed the radiation of arthropods
Types of Appendages - Correct Answer: - feet (for locomotion)
- hands (for grasping/use of tools)
- antennae (sense organ)
- claws/mouth (for eating)
- appendages for the transfer of sperm or egg incubation
Nervous System - Correct Answer: - allow for the coordination of movement
- sensory systems need a way to process
Nerve Net - Correct Answer: - no central processing center, but can sense, relay, react
, Adherence of Cells - Correct Answer: - cells in an animal are arranged into tissues
- cells must be able to stick to each other and to the extracellular matrix for tissues to be successful
- the evolution of molecules that allow calls to "stick" was an important early step in the evolution of
animals (Cell Adhesion Molecules (CAMS) and Integrins)
Integrins - Correct Answer: - attach cell cytoskeleton to collagen and other proteins in the extracellular
matrix (ECM)
- often rearranged during cellular movement
Animal Cell Junctions - Correct Answer: - tight junctions
- desmosomes
- gap junctions
Tight Junctions - Correct Answer: - prevent materials in ECM from leaking between the cells and proteins
in the plasma membranes from migrating to other side of cell
Desmosomes - Correct Answer: - binds cells tightly but does not prevent movement of material between
cells or within the cells' membranes
Gap Junctions - Correct Answer: - pores which allow adjacent cells to exchange material
Animal Tissue Types - Correct Answer: - epithelial
- muscle
- connective
- nervous
Epithelial Tissue - Correct Answer: - lining or covering/create compartments
- barriers, exchange (secretion/absorption), storage, communication (chemical signal; slow),
reproduction and coordination
Exam 2 - University of Iowa
Exam Questions with Correct
Answers
General Characteristics of Animals - Correct Answer: - multicellularity
- heterotrophic metabolism
- internal digestion
- movement
- nervous systems
Components of Animal Body Plans - Correct Answer: - symmetry
- digestive system
- body cavity (coelom)
- segmentation
- appendages
- nervous system -> sensory systems
Types of Symmetry - Correct Answer: - spherical
- radial
- bilateral
Spherical Symmetry - Correct Answer: - has a single point from which any plane that bisects it results in
similar halves, no apparent top/bottom
Radial Symmetry - Correct Answer: - have an anterior/posterior, anterior end typically associated with
the mouth
,Bilateral Symmetry - Correct Answer: - have an anterior/posterior, anterior end typically associated with
the mouth
- has a true dorsal/ventral
- has right/left
- associated with greater mobility
Types of Internal Digestive Systems - Correct Answer: - sac design
- tube
Sac Design - Correct Answer: - Ex. (hydra)
- only one opening for both eating of food and excretion of wastes
- functions in circulation, gas exchange, and as hydrostatic skeleton
- lack specialization for ingestion/regurgitation
- lacks organs for specialized digestion/absorption
- remain small and thin
Tube - Correct Answer: - Ex. (humans)
- gut
- two openings: mouth for eating, anus for excreting
- sometimes used for purposes other than digestion
- associated with more complex forms and greater size and thickness but that requires additional
exchange systems
Different Strategies of Body Cavities - Correct Answer: - acoelomates
- pseudocoelomates
- coelomates
Acoelomates - Correct Answer: - no coelom (cavity)
- no cavity, filled with masses of cells
,- often lack complex organs
- move by beating cilia
- sometimes refers only to triploblastic organisms, but often used for diploblastic organisms as well
Pseudocoelomates - Correct Answer: - coelom not completely enclosed
- have interior (sterile) cavity
- cavity is not completely enclosed by mesoderm
- fluid filled space
Coelomate - Correct Answer: - possesses a true coelom (a body cavity lined by tissue completely derived
from mesoderm).
Segmentation - Correct Answer: - most animals are at least partially segmented
- sometimes are just repeated structures
- allows specialization of body regions
- helps changes of body shape
- changes in segmentation can often result from changes in the expressions of HoX genes
- changes in segmentation allowed the radiation of arthropods
Types of Appendages - Correct Answer: - feet (for locomotion)
- hands (for grasping/use of tools)
- antennae (sense organ)
- claws/mouth (for eating)
- appendages for the transfer of sperm or egg incubation
Nervous System - Correct Answer: - allow for the coordination of movement
- sensory systems need a way to process
Nerve Net - Correct Answer: - no central processing center, but can sense, relay, react
, Adherence of Cells - Correct Answer: - cells in an animal are arranged into tissues
- cells must be able to stick to each other and to the extracellular matrix for tissues to be successful
- the evolution of molecules that allow calls to "stick" was an important early step in the evolution of
animals (Cell Adhesion Molecules (CAMS) and Integrins)
Integrins - Correct Answer: - attach cell cytoskeleton to collagen and other proteins in the extracellular
matrix (ECM)
- often rearranged during cellular movement
Animal Cell Junctions - Correct Answer: - tight junctions
- desmosomes
- gap junctions
Tight Junctions - Correct Answer: - prevent materials in ECM from leaking between the cells and proteins
in the plasma membranes from migrating to other side of cell
Desmosomes - Correct Answer: - binds cells tightly but does not prevent movement of material between
cells or within the cells' membranes
Gap Junctions - Correct Answer: - pores which allow adjacent cells to exchange material
Animal Tissue Types - Correct Answer: - epithelial
- muscle
- connective
- nervous
Epithelial Tissue - Correct Answer: - lining or covering/create compartments
- barriers, exchange (secretion/absorption), storage, communication (chemical signal; slow),
reproduction and coordination
