A clause introduced by a relative pronoun which gives extra information about a person/thing
etc already described. For instance, the sentence's second clause reads as follows: "They
stayed on until about 1am, which didn't please me much." a computer program that can search
for specific words and expressions in a corpus of text. - ANS-concordancer A consonant sound
made by partially blocking the airflow but allowing air to pass down the sides of the tongue - in
English the only example is /l/ - ANS-lateral
A grammatical category which deals with how an event is viewed - whether it is habitual,
on-going, complete etc. - ANS-aspect
A lexical relationship in which one word describes a category and other words the members of
that category - eg vehicle / car, bus, truck, etc - ANS-hyponymy
a lexical relationship in which words are connected whole-to-part, like "body": "head," "arm,"
and "leg." A pair of "opposites" which have an either/or relationship - eg child/adult - you are
either a child or an adult and cannot be both at once. - ANS-Complementary antonyms
ANS-scanning is a reading technique in which you scan a section of text for a particular word or
phrase that you know or assume to be in the text, such as looking up a name in a phone book.
A sound made by producing a plosive and then a fricative in the same place in the mouth - in
English /ʧ/ and /ʤ/ - ANS-affricate
a test administered at the conclusion of a course to determine whether students have retained
the material and are prepared for the next level. a type of assessment carried out during a
course in order to
show the learner and the teacher how the learner is doing so far, and what they need to
focus on throughout the remainder of the course: ANS-formative evaluation A type of reference
in which an item forms a cohesive link with another item which has already occurred in the text.
For instance, "It" with "a new car" added: I just bought a new car. It was a real bargain. -
ANS-anaphoric reference
A variation of a phoneme which has no effect on meaning in the language- eg in "pin" the /p/ is
aspirated, in "spin" it is not, but thsi difference is never used in the language to change meaning.
- ANS-allophone
A noun derived from the verb form ending in -ing. Eg "swimming" in "I like swimming" or
"Swimming is my favourite sport" - ANS-gerund
aims to test how much of a language someone has learned, independent
of a particular course of study - ANS-proficiency test
aims to determine the amount of a particular course someone has learnt (and therefore how
well the course aims have been met). - ANS-summative test
An activity in which learners have to use more than one skill in order to complete a task - eg to
interview people (speaking/listening) in order to produce a report (writing). - ANS-integrated
skills activity
An approach in which learners are exposed to the language and encouraged to