/ɑ:/ - ANS-open-back unrounded vowel
/b/ is a bilabial plosive with no ANS voice. /f/ is a labiodental fricative with no ANS voice. /s/ is
an alveolar fricative with ANS voice. ANS-closed back rounded vowel /u:/ The vowel // is
ANS-near-close near-back. /v/ - labiodental fricative with no ANS /ʒ/ - ANS-voiced
palato-alveolar fricative
1. Evaluation language 2. vague language
3. filled pause
4. discourse marker (appealing to shared knowledge)
5. false start
6. connecter 7. ellipsis, or the absence of elements 8. form that is not standard 9. clarification
request
10. response (the numbers 9 and 10 make up an adjacency pair) 11. speech that is not
complete 12. response (the second adjacency pair component) 13. ANS-Speaker 1> That
eggplant is gorgeous! Discourse marker (hedging) (1)
<Speaker 2> I did it sort of (2) um (3) you know (4) you drain it for a long time then you (5) I
rinsed it then (6) I dried it then I fried it
Speaker 1> (7) Must have taken an eternity. <Speaker 2> then I sprinkled lemon juice on it put
it in the fridge.
<Speaker 3>The eggplant? (9)
<Speaker 2> Delicious. Yeah. (10)
<Speaker 4> Did you put salt on it first? To draw the (11)
<Speaker 2>No (12) I didn't actually (13) It doesn't seem to have made any difference.
Accent - ANS-The ways in which words are pronounced.
accessibility hierarchy - ANS-(Sbj > Direct Obj > Indirect Obj > Oblique > Genitive > Object of
Comparison (OComp)) A ranking of relative clauses developed by Keenan and Comrie in 1977.
Different languages use relative clauses to modify nouns in different grammatical roles.
accomodation - ANS-The process of "squeezing together" the syllables that occur between
stressed syllables, so that each segment of an utterance takes the same time to produce.
accuracy - ANS-the extent to which a learner's use of a second language conforms to the rules
of the language. This is usually measured in terms of grammatical accuracy. For instance,
what does this mean? or I no understand are inaccurate according to standard usage
accuracy (ANS) is the degree to which a language adheres to the "rules" of its standard variety.
accuracy order - ANS - The relative accuracy of learner language grammatical forms. Example:
Learners are often more accurate in plural "s" than in using the possessive "'s"
achievement behaviour - ANS-This occurs when a learner compensates for language
deficiency by using a communication strategy