MEDISCHE KENNIS SEMESTER 2,
periode 4
à tentamen 2
,Inhoudsopgave
MEDISCHE KENNIS SEMESTER 2 ........................................................................................................... 1
Week 1A- farmacologie .............................................................................................................................. 8
Hoe werkt dat precies?............................................................................................................................... 8
Hoe ontstaan bijwerkingen? ...................................................................................................................... 8
🔹 Agonist ..................................................................................................................................................... 9
🔹 Antagonist ............................................................................................................................................... 9
1. Verschil tussen een generieke naam en een merknaam.................................................................. 9
2. Substitutie .............................................................................................................................................. 10
3. Off-label gebruik.................................................................................................................................... 10
Wat is polyfarmacie? ................................................................................................................................ 10
Waarom is polyfarmacie belangrijk om te herkennen?........................................................................ 10
Rol van de verpleegkundige bij polyfarmacie: ...................................................................................... 11
1. Paracetamol .......................................................................................................................................... 11
2. Omeprazol ............................................................................................................................................. 11
3. Acetylsalicylzuur (Aspirine) ................................................................................................................. 12
4. Macrogol ................................................................................................................................................ 12
5. Temazepam ........................................................................................................................................... 12
6. Oxazepam.............................................................................................................................................. 12
7. Furosemide ............................................................................................................................................ 12
8. Metoprolol .............................................................................................................................................. 12
9. Simvastatine .......................................................................................................................................... 13
10. Diclofenac ............................................................................................................................................ 13
11. Ibuprofen .............................................................................................................................................. 13
12. Amoxicilline.......................................................................................................................................... 13
13. Doxycycline ......................................................................................................................................... 13
14. Salbutamol ........................................................................................................................................... 13
1. Indicatie .................................................................................................................................................. 14
2. Profylaxe ................................................................................................................................................ 14
3. Preventief ............................................................................................................................................... 14
4. Curatief ................................................................................................................................................... 14
5. Symptomatisch...................................................................................................................................... 14
6. Palliatief .................................................................................................................................................. 14
7. Placebo .................................................................................................................................................. 15
Week 1B- farmacologie ................................................................................................................................. 16
A - Absorptie .............................................................................................................................................. 16
D - Distributie (Verdeling)......................................................................................................................... 16
M - Metabolisme (Afbraak) ...................................................................................................................... 16
E - Excretie (Uitscheiding) ....................................................................................................................... 16
Kort samengevat: ...................................................................................................................................... 17
1. Orale toediening (via de mond) .......................................................................................................... 17
2. Parenterale toediening (buiten het maag-darmkanaal) ................................................................... 17
3. Topische toediening (op de huid of slijmvliezen) ............................................................................. 17
4. Inhalatie .................................................................................................................................................. 17
5. Rectale toediening ................................................................................................................................ 18
6. Sublinguale en buccale toediening (onder de tong of in de wang) ............................................... 18
1. Absorptie ................................................................................................................................................ 18
2. First-pass effect..................................................................................................................................... 18
, 3. Biologische beschikbaarheid .............................................................................................................. 18
4. Plasmaspiegel ....................................................................................................................................... 18
5. Therapeutische breedte ....................................................................................................................... 19
6. Distributie ............................................................................................................................................... 19
7. Lipofiel .................................................................................................................................................... 19
8. Hydrofiel ................................................................................................................................................. 19
9. Klaring .................................................................................................................................................... 19
10. Eliminatie ............................................................................................................................................. 19
11. Metabolisatie ....................................................................................................................................... 19
12. Excretie ................................................................................................................................................ 19
13. Halfwaardetijd (T½) ............................................................................................................................ 20
Dosis ........................................................................................................................................................... 20
Doseerfrequentie ....................................................................................................................................... 20
Patiëntencategorieën met verhoogd risico op afwijkende plasmaspiegels ...................................... 20
Veelvoorkomende alarmsymptomen:..................................................................................................... 21
Week 2A – inleiding psychiatrie ............................................................................................................. 23
🌐 1. Huisarts ............................................................................................................................................. 23
🧠 2. Psychiater ......................................................................................................................................... 23
💬 3. Psycholoog (GZ-psycholoog, klinisch psycholoog) .................................................................... 23
🧑⚕ 4. Sociaal psychiatrisch verpleegkundige (SPV) ............................................................................. 23
🧑🏫 5. GGZ-agoog / Maatschappelijk werker .......................................................................................... 23
👥 6. Verpleegkundig specialist GGZ ..................................................................................................... 23
🧑🧑🧒🧒 7. Systeemtherapeut / gezinstherapeut ............................................................................................ 23
🚑 8. Crisisdienst / Acute psychiatrische zorg ....................................................................................... 24
🧠
1. Biopsychosociaal model ...................................................................................................................... 24
🔍 Uitleg: ..................................................................................................................................................... 24
⚖
2. Stress-kwetsbaarheidsmodel.............................................................................................................. 24
🔍 Uitleg: ..................................................................................................................................................... 24
⚖
3. Draagkracht-draaglast model ............................................................................................................. 25
🔍 Uitleg: ..................................................................................................................................................... 25
🧠
Voorbeeldstoornis: Depressie ................................................................................................................. 25
🔹 1. Biopsychosociaal model ................................................................................................................. 25
🔹 2. Stress-kwetsbaarheidsmodel ......................................................................................................... 25
🧠 🔹 3. Draagkracht-draaglast model......................................................................................................... 26
Andere voorbeelden: ................................................................................................................................ 26
🔹 Schizofrenie .......................................................................................................................................... 26
🌿🔹 Angststoornis ........................................................................................................................................ 26
📘De zes dimensies van Positieve Gezondheid: ..................................................................................... 26
Wat is de DSM-classificatie?................................................................................................................... 27
🧠 Belangrijkste kenmerken:.................................................................................................................... 27
📦 Voorbeeld indeling (DSM-5): .............................................................................................................. 27
🧠⚖ Kritiek op de DSM: ............................................................................................................................... 27
📌De drie psychische functies..................................................................................................................... 28
Voorbeeld – Toepassing bij depressie: ................................................................................................. 28
🎯 Praktische toepassing voor zorgverleners: ...................................................................................... 28
👤
Week 2B – inleiding in de psychiatrie ................................................................................................... 30
Wat is een persoonlijkheid? .................................................................................................................... 30
, Wat is een persoonlijkheidsstoornis? .................................................................................................... 30
⚠
🧠 Voorbeelden van persoonlijkheidsstoornissen (DSM-5): ............................................................... 30
🎯 Kort verschil: ......................................................................................................................................... 31
• 📦 Cluster A – Vreemd of excentriek gedrag .................................................................................... 31
• 🔥 Cluster B – Dramatisch, emotioneel of impulsief gedrag .......................................................... 31
• ❄ Cluster C – Angstig of vermijdend gedrag ................................................................................... 32
• 🧩 Kort overzicht per cluster: .............................................................................................................. 32
🧩 Totaaloverzicht (alle 10 stoornissen): ............................................................................................... 32
📦 Cluster A – Vreemd of excentriek gedrag ............................................................................................. 32
🔥 Cluster B – Dramatisch, emotioneel of impulsief gedrag .................................................................... 33
❄ Cluster C – Angstig of vermijdend gedrag ............................................................................................ 33
🎯 Samenvattend: ..................................................................................................................................... 33
Week 3A- Angststoornissen ................................................................................................................... 34
😨 1. Reële angst (normale angst) .................................................................................................................... 34
⚠ 2. Pathologische angst (ziekelijke angst) ..................................................................................................... 34
🧠 Samengevat: ........................................................................................................................................... 34
😰
1. Paniekaanval............................................................................................................................................ 35
😨
2. Paniekstoornis.......................................................................................................................................... 35
🧠 Samenvattend: ........................................................................................................................................ 36
😟
1. Gegeneraliseerde angststoornis (GAS) ............................................................................................ 36
🫣
2. Sociale fobie (sociale angststoornis) ................................................................................................. 36
🕷
3. Enkelvoudige fobie (specifieke fobie) ................................................................................................ 37
🧠 Samenvattend overzicht: .................................................................................................................... 37
🧠
Obsessief-compulsieve stoornis (OCS)................................................................................................. 37
🔄 1. Obsessies (dwanggedachten) ....................................................................................................... 38
🔁 2. Compulsies (dwanghandelingen) .................................................................................................. 38
📌 Belangrijke kenmerken:....................................................................................................................... 38
🧠 🎯 Samenvatting: ....................................................................................................................................... 38
Niet-medicamenteuze behandelingen ................................................................................................... 39
1. Cognitieve gedragstherapie (CGT) ✅ Eerste keus ......................................................................... 39
2. Exposuretherapie (onderdeel van CGT) ........................................................................................... 39
3. Psycho-educatie ................................................................................................................................... 39
4. Zelfhulp / e-health ................................................................................................................................. 39
💊5. Mindfulness en ontspanningstechnieken .......................................................................................... 39
Medicamenteuze behandelingen............................................................................................................ 39
1. Antidepressiva (SSRI’s en SNRI’s) ✅ Eerste keus bij matige tot ernstige klachten .................. 39
📌2. Benzodiazepines (tijdelijk en met terughoudendheid)..................................................................... 40
⚠Samenvattend overzicht .......................................................................................................................... 40
🧨Wat is PTSS? ............................................................................................................................................ 40
🧠Oorzaken van PTSS ................................................................................................................................. 40
Kenmerken / symptomen van PTSS ...................................................................................................... 41
1. Herbelevingen ....................................................................................................................................... 41
2. Vermijding .............................................................................................................................................. 41
periode 4
à tentamen 2
,Inhoudsopgave
MEDISCHE KENNIS SEMESTER 2 ........................................................................................................... 1
Week 1A- farmacologie .............................................................................................................................. 8
Hoe werkt dat precies?............................................................................................................................... 8
Hoe ontstaan bijwerkingen? ...................................................................................................................... 8
🔹 Agonist ..................................................................................................................................................... 9
🔹 Antagonist ............................................................................................................................................... 9
1. Verschil tussen een generieke naam en een merknaam.................................................................. 9
2. Substitutie .............................................................................................................................................. 10
3. Off-label gebruik.................................................................................................................................... 10
Wat is polyfarmacie? ................................................................................................................................ 10
Waarom is polyfarmacie belangrijk om te herkennen?........................................................................ 10
Rol van de verpleegkundige bij polyfarmacie: ...................................................................................... 11
1. Paracetamol .......................................................................................................................................... 11
2. Omeprazol ............................................................................................................................................. 11
3. Acetylsalicylzuur (Aspirine) ................................................................................................................. 12
4. Macrogol ................................................................................................................................................ 12
5. Temazepam ........................................................................................................................................... 12
6. Oxazepam.............................................................................................................................................. 12
7. Furosemide ............................................................................................................................................ 12
8. Metoprolol .............................................................................................................................................. 12
9. Simvastatine .......................................................................................................................................... 13
10. Diclofenac ............................................................................................................................................ 13
11. Ibuprofen .............................................................................................................................................. 13
12. Amoxicilline.......................................................................................................................................... 13
13. Doxycycline ......................................................................................................................................... 13
14. Salbutamol ........................................................................................................................................... 13
1. Indicatie .................................................................................................................................................. 14
2. Profylaxe ................................................................................................................................................ 14
3. Preventief ............................................................................................................................................... 14
4. Curatief ................................................................................................................................................... 14
5. Symptomatisch...................................................................................................................................... 14
6. Palliatief .................................................................................................................................................. 14
7. Placebo .................................................................................................................................................. 15
Week 1B- farmacologie ................................................................................................................................. 16
A - Absorptie .............................................................................................................................................. 16
D - Distributie (Verdeling)......................................................................................................................... 16
M - Metabolisme (Afbraak) ...................................................................................................................... 16
E - Excretie (Uitscheiding) ....................................................................................................................... 16
Kort samengevat: ...................................................................................................................................... 17
1. Orale toediening (via de mond) .......................................................................................................... 17
2. Parenterale toediening (buiten het maag-darmkanaal) ................................................................... 17
3. Topische toediening (op de huid of slijmvliezen) ............................................................................. 17
4. Inhalatie .................................................................................................................................................. 17
5. Rectale toediening ................................................................................................................................ 18
6. Sublinguale en buccale toediening (onder de tong of in de wang) ............................................... 18
1. Absorptie ................................................................................................................................................ 18
2. First-pass effect..................................................................................................................................... 18
, 3. Biologische beschikbaarheid .............................................................................................................. 18
4. Plasmaspiegel ....................................................................................................................................... 18
5. Therapeutische breedte ....................................................................................................................... 19
6. Distributie ............................................................................................................................................... 19
7. Lipofiel .................................................................................................................................................... 19
8. Hydrofiel ................................................................................................................................................. 19
9. Klaring .................................................................................................................................................... 19
10. Eliminatie ............................................................................................................................................. 19
11. Metabolisatie ....................................................................................................................................... 19
12. Excretie ................................................................................................................................................ 19
13. Halfwaardetijd (T½) ............................................................................................................................ 20
Dosis ........................................................................................................................................................... 20
Doseerfrequentie ....................................................................................................................................... 20
Patiëntencategorieën met verhoogd risico op afwijkende plasmaspiegels ...................................... 20
Veelvoorkomende alarmsymptomen:..................................................................................................... 21
Week 2A – inleiding psychiatrie ............................................................................................................. 23
🌐 1. Huisarts ............................................................................................................................................. 23
🧠 2. Psychiater ......................................................................................................................................... 23
💬 3. Psycholoog (GZ-psycholoog, klinisch psycholoog) .................................................................... 23
🧑⚕ 4. Sociaal psychiatrisch verpleegkundige (SPV) ............................................................................. 23
🧑🏫 5. GGZ-agoog / Maatschappelijk werker .......................................................................................... 23
👥 6. Verpleegkundig specialist GGZ ..................................................................................................... 23
🧑🧑🧒🧒 7. Systeemtherapeut / gezinstherapeut ............................................................................................ 23
🚑 8. Crisisdienst / Acute psychiatrische zorg ....................................................................................... 24
🧠
1. Biopsychosociaal model ...................................................................................................................... 24
🔍 Uitleg: ..................................................................................................................................................... 24
⚖
2. Stress-kwetsbaarheidsmodel.............................................................................................................. 24
🔍 Uitleg: ..................................................................................................................................................... 24
⚖
3. Draagkracht-draaglast model ............................................................................................................. 25
🔍 Uitleg: ..................................................................................................................................................... 25
🧠
Voorbeeldstoornis: Depressie ................................................................................................................. 25
🔹 1. Biopsychosociaal model ................................................................................................................. 25
🔹 2. Stress-kwetsbaarheidsmodel ......................................................................................................... 25
🧠 🔹 3. Draagkracht-draaglast model......................................................................................................... 26
Andere voorbeelden: ................................................................................................................................ 26
🔹 Schizofrenie .......................................................................................................................................... 26
🌿🔹 Angststoornis ........................................................................................................................................ 26
📘De zes dimensies van Positieve Gezondheid: ..................................................................................... 26
Wat is de DSM-classificatie?................................................................................................................... 27
🧠 Belangrijkste kenmerken:.................................................................................................................... 27
📦 Voorbeeld indeling (DSM-5): .............................................................................................................. 27
🧠⚖ Kritiek op de DSM: ............................................................................................................................... 27
📌De drie psychische functies..................................................................................................................... 28
Voorbeeld – Toepassing bij depressie: ................................................................................................. 28
🎯 Praktische toepassing voor zorgverleners: ...................................................................................... 28
👤
Week 2B – inleiding in de psychiatrie ................................................................................................... 30
Wat is een persoonlijkheid? .................................................................................................................... 30
, Wat is een persoonlijkheidsstoornis? .................................................................................................... 30
⚠
🧠 Voorbeelden van persoonlijkheidsstoornissen (DSM-5): ............................................................... 30
🎯 Kort verschil: ......................................................................................................................................... 31
• 📦 Cluster A – Vreemd of excentriek gedrag .................................................................................... 31
• 🔥 Cluster B – Dramatisch, emotioneel of impulsief gedrag .......................................................... 31
• ❄ Cluster C – Angstig of vermijdend gedrag ................................................................................... 32
• 🧩 Kort overzicht per cluster: .............................................................................................................. 32
🧩 Totaaloverzicht (alle 10 stoornissen): ............................................................................................... 32
📦 Cluster A – Vreemd of excentriek gedrag ............................................................................................. 32
🔥 Cluster B – Dramatisch, emotioneel of impulsief gedrag .................................................................... 33
❄ Cluster C – Angstig of vermijdend gedrag ............................................................................................ 33
🎯 Samenvattend: ..................................................................................................................................... 33
Week 3A- Angststoornissen ................................................................................................................... 34
😨 1. Reële angst (normale angst) .................................................................................................................... 34
⚠ 2. Pathologische angst (ziekelijke angst) ..................................................................................................... 34
🧠 Samengevat: ........................................................................................................................................... 34
😰
1. Paniekaanval............................................................................................................................................ 35
😨
2. Paniekstoornis.......................................................................................................................................... 35
🧠 Samenvattend: ........................................................................................................................................ 36
😟
1. Gegeneraliseerde angststoornis (GAS) ............................................................................................ 36
🫣
2. Sociale fobie (sociale angststoornis) ................................................................................................. 36
🕷
3. Enkelvoudige fobie (specifieke fobie) ................................................................................................ 37
🧠 Samenvattend overzicht: .................................................................................................................... 37
🧠
Obsessief-compulsieve stoornis (OCS)................................................................................................. 37
🔄 1. Obsessies (dwanggedachten) ....................................................................................................... 38
🔁 2. Compulsies (dwanghandelingen) .................................................................................................. 38
📌 Belangrijke kenmerken:....................................................................................................................... 38
🧠 🎯 Samenvatting: ....................................................................................................................................... 38
Niet-medicamenteuze behandelingen ................................................................................................... 39
1. Cognitieve gedragstherapie (CGT) ✅ Eerste keus ......................................................................... 39
2. Exposuretherapie (onderdeel van CGT) ........................................................................................... 39
3. Psycho-educatie ................................................................................................................................... 39
4. Zelfhulp / e-health ................................................................................................................................. 39
💊5. Mindfulness en ontspanningstechnieken .......................................................................................... 39
Medicamenteuze behandelingen............................................................................................................ 39
1. Antidepressiva (SSRI’s en SNRI’s) ✅ Eerste keus bij matige tot ernstige klachten .................. 39
📌2. Benzodiazepines (tijdelijk en met terughoudendheid)..................................................................... 40
⚠Samenvattend overzicht .......................................................................................................................... 40
🧨Wat is PTSS? ............................................................................................................................................ 40
🧠Oorzaken van PTSS ................................................................................................................................. 40
Kenmerken / symptomen van PTSS ...................................................................................................... 41
1. Herbelevingen ....................................................................................................................................... 41
2. Vermijding .............................................................................................................................................. 41
