ONS Fundamentals FINAL EXAM PREP
2025/2026 COMPLETE QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS || 100% GUARANTEED PASS
<BRAND NEW VERSION>
1. When chemo is used before primary treatment (surgery) to reduce
the size of a tumor - ANSWER ✓ neoadjuvant therapy
2. Plant Alkaloids - ANSWER ✓ vincristine, etoposide, paclitaxel.
neurotoxicity, hypersensativity
3. Paclitaxel - ANSWER ✓ should not be used with patients with
neutrophils below 1500. can cause anaphylaxis. premeditate with
dex, benadryl, and famatodine.
4. Etoposide - ANSWER ✓ hold for less than 500 neutrophils and
platelets less than 50,000. go slow so no hypotension or reaction
5. Vincristine - ANSWER ✓ vesicant. do not give intrathecally,
FATAL. only IV. can cause paralytic illeus, recommend stool
softener. peripheral neuropathy, and possibly seizure
6. Hydroxurea - ANSWER ✓ oral agent. be careful with gout.
neurotoxic: confusion, seizures, dizziness, headaches.
7. Hormone therapy - ANSWER ✓ use din cancers that are spurred
on by hormones. also used used for chemo side effects
, (corticosteroids) like inflammation, nausea, reactions, decreased
appetite.
8. Specific cancers for hormone therapy - ANSWER ✓ prostate and
breast
9. Tamoxifen - ANSWER ✓ hormone therapy. used with breast
cancer. not for women with history of DVTs or PEs. can cause
visual changes, increased ovulation, and chance of endometrial
cancer.
10. Leuprolide - ANSWER ✓ hormone therapy for breast and
prostate. injection. can cause mood changes, decreased libido, hot
flashes, gynecomastia, decrease bone density, heat disease
11. Who is more at risk for hormone therapy effects? -
ANSWER ✓ men
12. Targeted therapies - ANSWER ✓ effect mostly just cancer
cells. have different effects. not on bone marrow.
13. TKIs, tyrosine kinase inhibitors - ANSWER ✓ inhibit cell
division. can cause rash, fluid retention, fatigue, nausea, diarrhea.
14. Imatinib - ANSWER ✓ a targeted therapy used for leukemia.
can cause cardiac tamponade, cerebral edema and intracranial
pressure. edema!
15. Lapatinib - ANSWER ✓ targeted therapy for HER2. black
box, hepatotoxic! take one hour before a meal. no grapefruit juice.
16. Checkpint inhibitors - ANSWER ✓ immunotherapy where
there are blocks which stop the cancer cells as disguising
2025/2026 COMPLETE QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS || 100% GUARANTEED PASS
<BRAND NEW VERSION>
1. When chemo is used before primary treatment (surgery) to reduce
the size of a tumor - ANSWER ✓ neoadjuvant therapy
2. Plant Alkaloids - ANSWER ✓ vincristine, etoposide, paclitaxel.
neurotoxicity, hypersensativity
3. Paclitaxel - ANSWER ✓ should not be used with patients with
neutrophils below 1500. can cause anaphylaxis. premeditate with
dex, benadryl, and famatodine.
4. Etoposide - ANSWER ✓ hold for less than 500 neutrophils and
platelets less than 50,000. go slow so no hypotension or reaction
5. Vincristine - ANSWER ✓ vesicant. do not give intrathecally,
FATAL. only IV. can cause paralytic illeus, recommend stool
softener. peripheral neuropathy, and possibly seizure
6. Hydroxurea - ANSWER ✓ oral agent. be careful with gout.
neurotoxic: confusion, seizures, dizziness, headaches.
7. Hormone therapy - ANSWER ✓ use din cancers that are spurred
on by hormones. also used used for chemo side effects
, (corticosteroids) like inflammation, nausea, reactions, decreased
appetite.
8. Specific cancers for hormone therapy - ANSWER ✓ prostate and
breast
9. Tamoxifen - ANSWER ✓ hormone therapy. used with breast
cancer. not for women with history of DVTs or PEs. can cause
visual changes, increased ovulation, and chance of endometrial
cancer.
10. Leuprolide - ANSWER ✓ hormone therapy for breast and
prostate. injection. can cause mood changes, decreased libido, hot
flashes, gynecomastia, decrease bone density, heat disease
11. Who is more at risk for hormone therapy effects? -
ANSWER ✓ men
12. Targeted therapies - ANSWER ✓ effect mostly just cancer
cells. have different effects. not on bone marrow.
13. TKIs, tyrosine kinase inhibitors - ANSWER ✓ inhibit cell
division. can cause rash, fluid retention, fatigue, nausea, diarrhea.
14. Imatinib - ANSWER ✓ a targeted therapy used for leukemia.
can cause cardiac tamponade, cerebral edema and intracranial
pressure. edema!
15. Lapatinib - ANSWER ✓ targeted therapy for HER2. black
box, hepatotoxic! take one hour before a meal. no grapefruit juice.
16. Checkpint inhibitors - ANSWER ✓ immunotherapy where
there are blocks which stop the cancer cells as disguising
