1
Expert solutions
CFT 150 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE
Questions and Answers (100% Correct
Answers) Already Graded A+
What are the key features of the stages of change model?
Ans: ●Deals with intentional behavior change
● Views change as a process rather than an event.
● The change process is characterized by a series of stages of change
● In attempting to change a behavior a person typically cycles through these
stages of change
What are the stages of change?
Ans: ● Precontemplation
● Contemplation
● Preparation
● Action
● Maintenance
● Relapse
Examples of each stage of change
Ans: ● Precontemplation- Not considering quitting in the next 6 months
● Contemplation- Seriously considering quitting in the next 6 months
●Preparation- Planning to quit in the next 30 days
● Action- The first 6 months of staying quit
●Maintenance- Quit for more than 6 months
● Relapse- Transition to an earlier stage
How is this model useful? (The Transtheoretical Model/stages of change)
Ans: ● Provides a framework for understanding the process of how people
change.
● Recognizes that people in different stages of change need different types of
interventions to help them progress.
What helps people move forward through the stages of change?
Ans: 1. Processes of Change
2. Decisional balance
3. Self-Efficacy
,2
Expert solutions
What are the 2 main types of change processes?
Ans: 1. Cognitive change processes- Involve changes in the way people think and
feel about their smoking.
2. Behavioral change processes- Involves people making changes to their smoking
behavior.
What are the 5 Cognitive processes?
Ans: 1. Consciousness raising- increasing awareness
2. Dramatic relief- Emotional arousal
3. Environmental reevaluation- Social reappraisal
4. Social liberation- Environmental opportunities
5. Self-Reevaluation- Self- Reappraisal
What are the 5 Behavioral processes?
Ans: 1. Stimulus control- Reengineering
2. Helping relationship- Supporting
3. Counter conditioning- Substituting
4. Reinforcement management- Rewarding
5. Self- liberation- Committing
What is Decisional balance?
Ans: ● Decisional balance is the importance a person gives to the perceived
advantages (pros) and disadvantages (cons) of stopping the behavior.
● An individual's motivation to change is affected by his/her decisional balance
● Decisional balance changes across the stages of change
● Use of cognitive change processes can help tip the decisional balance in favor of
quitting
What is Self-efficacy?
Ans: ● Self-efficacy is a person's confidence in his/her ability to quit, and to resist
temptations
● Confidence to resist temptations to engaging in the problematic behavior varies
across the stages of change, being lowest in Precontemplation and highest in
Maintenance
● Self-efficacy is a strong predictor of success in the Action and Maintenance
stages
What is Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs?
, 3
Expert solutions
Ans: ● Discusses the path that motivation usually follows.
● Starts from the bottom and moves up through the hierarchy as each level of
needs are met
● Certain needs dominate our motivation at different times
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
Ans: From bottom to top.
Basic needs
Physiological-food, water, warmth, rest
Safety-security, safety
Psychological needs
Belongingness & love- intimate relationships, friends
Esteem-prestige & feeling of accomplishment
Self-fulfillment needs
Self-actualization-achieving one's full potential, including creative activities
What is Alderfer's ERG model of action ( Existence need, Relatedness
need, and Growth need)?
Ans: Existence needs-
● Concerned with providing the basic requirements for material
existence/necessities
● Comparable to physiological needs in Maslow's triangle
Relatedness needs-
● Focuses on the desires to establish and maintain interpersonal relationships
with family, friends, co-workers, and employers
● Think: satisfaction in relationship (important when it comes to happiness)
Growth needs-
● These needs are about the fulfillment of desires to be creative, productive, and
to complete meaningful tasks in order to build and enhance a person's self esteem
through personal achievement
● Perhaps taking CFT 150
What is the difference between Maslow's hierarchy of needs and the ERG
Model?
Ans: ● Maslow's theory is rigid and assumes that the needs follow a specific and
orderly hierarchy and unless a lower level need is satisfied, an individual cannot
proceed to the higher level need.
● ERG Theory is flexible and needs are perceived as a range/variety rather than
perceiving them as a hierarchy.
How is the ERG model different to the Maslow theory of motivation?
Expert solutions
CFT 150 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE
Questions and Answers (100% Correct
Answers) Already Graded A+
What are the key features of the stages of change model?
Ans: ●Deals with intentional behavior change
● Views change as a process rather than an event.
● The change process is characterized by a series of stages of change
● In attempting to change a behavior a person typically cycles through these
stages of change
What are the stages of change?
Ans: ● Precontemplation
● Contemplation
● Preparation
● Action
● Maintenance
● Relapse
Examples of each stage of change
Ans: ● Precontemplation- Not considering quitting in the next 6 months
● Contemplation- Seriously considering quitting in the next 6 months
●Preparation- Planning to quit in the next 30 days
● Action- The first 6 months of staying quit
●Maintenance- Quit for more than 6 months
● Relapse- Transition to an earlier stage
How is this model useful? (The Transtheoretical Model/stages of change)
Ans: ● Provides a framework for understanding the process of how people
change.
● Recognizes that people in different stages of change need different types of
interventions to help them progress.
What helps people move forward through the stages of change?
Ans: 1. Processes of Change
2. Decisional balance
3. Self-Efficacy
,2
Expert solutions
What are the 2 main types of change processes?
Ans: 1. Cognitive change processes- Involve changes in the way people think and
feel about their smoking.
2. Behavioral change processes- Involves people making changes to their smoking
behavior.
What are the 5 Cognitive processes?
Ans: 1. Consciousness raising- increasing awareness
2. Dramatic relief- Emotional arousal
3. Environmental reevaluation- Social reappraisal
4. Social liberation- Environmental opportunities
5. Self-Reevaluation- Self- Reappraisal
What are the 5 Behavioral processes?
Ans: 1. Stimulus control- Reengineering
2. Helping relationship- Supporting
3. Counter conditioning- Substituting
4. Reinforcement management- Rewarding
5. Self- liberation- Committing
What is Decisional balance?
Ans: ● Decisional balance is the importance a person gives to the perceived
advantages (pros) and disadvantages (cons) of stopping the behavior.
● An individual's motivation to change is affected by his/her decisional balance
● Decisional balance changes across the stages of change
● Use of cognitive change processes can help tip the decisional balance in favor of
quitting
What is Self-efficacy?
Ans: ● Self-efficacy is a person's confidence in his/her ability to quit, and to resist
temptations
● Confidence to resist temptations to engaging in the problematic behavior varies
across the stages of change, being lowest in Precontemplation and highest in
Maintenance
● Self-efficacy is a strong predictor of success in the Action and Maintenance
stages
What is Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs?
, 3
Expert solutions
Ans: ● Discusses the path that motivation usually follows.
● Starts from the bottom and moves up through the hierarchy as each level of
needs are met
● Certain needs dominate our motivation at different times
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
Ans: From bottom to top.
Basic needs
Physiological-food, water, warmth, rest
Safety-security, safety
Psychological needs
Belongingness & love- intimate relationships, friends
Esteem-prestige & feeling of accomplishment
Self-fulfillment needs
Self-actualization-achieving one's full potential, including creative activities
What is Alderfer's ERG model of action ( Existence need, Relatedness
need, and Growth need)?
Ans: Existence needs-
● Concerned with providing the basic requirements for material
existence/necessities
● Comparable to physiological needs in Maslow's triangle
Relatedness needs-
● Focuses on the desires to establish and maintain interpersonal relationships
with family, friends, co-workers, and employers
● Think: satisfaction in relationship (important when it comes to happiness)
Growth needs-
● These needs are about the fulfillment of desires to be creative, productive, and
to complete meaningful tasks in order to build and enhance a person's self esteem
through personal achievement
● Perhaps taking CFT 150
What is the difference between Maslow's hierarchy of needs and the ERG
Model?
Ans: ● Maslow's theory is rigid and assumes that the needs follow a specific and
orderly hierarchy and unless a lower level need is satisfied, an individual cannot
proceed to the higher level need.
● ERG Theory is flexible and needs are perceived as a range/variety rather than
perceiving them as a hierarchy.
How is the ERG model different to the Maslow theory of motivation?
