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Pediatric- Maternity Study Guide for Final 2025
Acute laryngotracheobronchi1s (LTB)- symptoms, treatment
- Commonly known as croup
- Symptoms: barking cough, fever, worsen at night, respiratory distress, inspiratory stridor
- Treatment: most cases resolve in few days, avoid throat exams, dose of oral dexamethasone,
humidifier, keep child calm, quiet environment, oxygen therapy
Tonsillectomy- Pre- and Postopera1ve nursing ac1ons
- Pre op care: maintain NPO status
- Post op care: place in position to facilitate drainage, elevate HOB when child is fully awake,
assess for bleeding which includes frequent swallowing, clearing of throat, restlessness,
bright red vomit, tachycardia and pallor, assess the airway and VS, monitor for difficulty
breathing related to oral secretion, edema or bleeding, administer liquid analgesics or
tetracaine lollipops as prescribed, provide an ice collar, offer ice chips, or sips or water to
keep throat moist, administer pain meds on a regular schedule, encourage clear liquids and
fluids after return of gag reflux, avoid red coloring liquids, citrus juice and milk based good
initially, advance diet with soft bland foods. Discourage coughing, throat clearing, nose
blowing in order to protect surgical site, avoid straws as they can damage site, educate
parent that there can be clots or blood tinged mucous in vomit, get plenty of rest and notify
provider if bright red bleeding occurs.
Sickle cell anemia- Symptoms, Pain crisis- what causes pain crisis and treatment of pain crisis,
Complica1ons- know acute chest syndrome, aplas1c crisis, sequestra1on
- Family h/x of SCA, reports of pain, SOB, fatigue, pallor, pale, jaundice, hands and feet cold to
touch, dizzy, headache
- Pain crisis: occurs suddenly when the body is under stress from infection, fever or
dehydration, anything that reduces oxygen in the blood such as exercise or illness may bring
one on
- Treatment for pain crisis: antibiotics, fluids, pain meds, blood transfusion if needed
- Acute chest syndrome: sickling occurs in the chest, can be life threatening, sickled cells stick
together and block flow of oxygen in. Tiny vessels in the lungs, resembles pneumonia and can
include fever, pain, violent cough s/s: wheezing, fever, cough, chest or back pain, decreased
O2, may need blood transfusion take antibiotics
- Aplastic crisis: body temporarily does not make enough RBC, which cause severe anemia; s/s
paleness, extreme tiredness, tachycardia, triggered by infection with virus
- Sequestration: spleen traps the abnormal RBC and get very large (splenomegaly), may also
occur in the liver (hepatomegaly), reduced circulation blood volume results in hypovolemia
and can progress to shock
Asthma- know asthma medica1ons- bronchodilators vs. An1-inflammatory agents, common
medica1ons of both types (see Chapter 18 worksheet), monitoring a child’s asthma by using a
peak flow meter, what the colored zones mean
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- BAM: beta 2 agonist (bronchodilators), anticholinergics (ipratropium), and methylxanthines
- SLM: steroids, leukotriene inhibitor and mast cell stabilizers.
- Ensure marker is on zero, have child stand up straight, remove gum or food from mouth,
close lips tightly around the mouthpiece ensure tongue is not occluding, blow as hard and as
quickly as possible, read the number on meter, repeat this 2 more times for a total of 3
attempts, record highest number out of the 3. Used to provide a warning of increased airway
impairment. 3 zones seen is green 80-100%, yellow is 50-79% and red is less than 50%.
Diabetes- blood glucose levels and symptoms for hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia, reasons to
call the provider, what is DKA
- Hypoglycemia: glucose less than 70: hunger, shaky, anxiety, irritable, cool skin, diaphoresis,
tachycardia, decreasing LOC, blurred vision
- Hyperglycemia: greater than 250: thirst, polyuria (early), oliguria (late), nausea, vomit,
abdominal pain, skin is warm, dry, and flushed with poor turgor, dry mucous membranes,
confusion, weakness, lethargy, weak pulse, diminished reflex, rapid deep respiration with
fruit odor due to ketones
- DKA: greater than 330, causes are insufficient insulin, acute stress, poor management of
acute illness, place child on cardiac monitor, obtain venous access for fluids, electrolytes and
insulin. Ketone levels in blood and urine, fruity scent to breath, mental confusion, kussmaul
respirations.
Gastroenteri1s- difference between viral and bacterial gastroenteri1s, symptoms of mild,
moderate and severe dehydra1on
- Noroviris most common cause in all groups, commonly affects 6-18 months old, 80% occur
from November to April, high contagious spread person to person, occurs on cruise ships and
in nursing homes.
- Rotavirus most common cause of severe dehydrating diarrhea among infants and children,
usually affects infants and toddlers 3-15 months old. Severe watery diarrhea, vomiting, fever,
pain. Diarrhea can last 3-8 days
- Bacteria is by touching or eating contaminated good, raw or undercooked meats, eggs,
poultry, contaminated shellfish, touching animals that carry bacteria, unpasteurized milk,
swallowing contaminated water from wells, streams or swimming pools.
- Mild: anterior fontanel, pulse, bp WNR. Capillary refill great than 2 seconds, slight thirst
- Moderate: capillary refill 2-4 seconds, thirst and irritability, pulse slightly increased with
normal to orthostatic bp, dry mucus membranes and decreased tears and skin turgor, slightly
tachypnea, normal to sunken anterior fontanels on infants
- Severe: these symptoms likely to require immediate medical care: cap refill greater than 4
seconds, tachycardia present, extreme thirst, tented skin, very dry mucus membranes,
hyperpnea (rapid breathing), no tearing with sunken eyeballs, sunken fontanel, oliguria or
anuria (little no urine), reduced alertness and energy,
Toddlers- nutri1on, hospitaliza1on, promo1ng sleep
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Pediatric- Maternity Study Guide for Final 2025
Acute laryngotracheobronchi1s (LTB)- symptoms, treatment
- Commonly known as croup
- Symptoms: barking cough, fever, worsen at night, respiratory distress, inspiratory stridor
- Treatment: most cases resolve in few days, avoid throat exams, dose of oral dexamethasone,
humidifier, keep child calm, quiet environment, oxygen therapy
Tonsillectomy- Pre- and Postopera1ve nursing ac1ons
- Pre op care: maintain NPO status
- Post op care: place in position to facilitate drainage, elevate HOB when child is fully awake,
assess for bleeding which includes frequent swallowing, clearing of throat, restlessness,
bright red vomit, tachycardia and pallor, assess the airway and VS, monitor for difficulty
breathing related to oral secretion, edema or bleeding, administer liquid analgesics or
tetracaine lollipops as prescribed, provide an ice collar, offer ice chips, or sips or water to
keep throat moist, administer pain meds on a regular schedule, encourage clear liquids and
fluids after return of gag reflux, avoid red coloring liquids, citrus juice and milk based good
initially, advance diet with soft bland foods. Discourage coughing, throat clearing, nose
blowing in order to protect surgical site, avoid straws as they can damage site, educate
parent that there can be clots or blood tinged mucous in vomit, get plenty of rest and notify
provider if bright red bleeding occurs.
Sickle cell anemia- Symptoms, Pain crisis- what causes pain crisis and treatment of pain crisis,
Complica1ons- know acute chest syndrome, aplas1c crisis, sequestra1on
- Family h/x of SCA, reports of pain, SOB, fatigue, pallor, pale, jaundice, hands and feet cold to
touch, dizzy, headache
- Pain crisis: occurs suddenly when the body is under stress from infection, fever or
dehydration, anything that reduces oxygen in the blood such as exercise or illness may bring
one on
- Treatment for pain crisis: antibiotics, fluids, pain meds, blood transfusion if needed
- Acute chest syndrome: sickling occurs in the chest, can be life threatening, sickled cells stick
together and block flow of oxygen in. Tiny vessels in the lungs, resembles pneumonia and can
include fever, pain, violent cough s/s: wheezing, fever, cough, chest or back pain, decreased
O2, may need blood transfusion take antibiotics
- Aplastic crisis: body temporarily does not make enough RBC, which cause severe anemia; s/s
paleness, extreme tiredness, tachycardia, triggered by infection with virus
- Sequestration: spleen traps the abnormal RBC and get very large (splenomegaly), may also
occur in the liver (hepatomegaly), reduced circulation blood volume results in hypovolemia
and can progress to shock
Asthma- know asthma medica1ons- bronchodilators vs. An1-inflammatory agents, common
medica1ons of both types (see Chapter 18 worksheet), monitoring a child’s asthma by using a
peak flow meter, what the colored zones mean
Downloaded by NELSON KIIRU ()
, lOMoARcPSD|26582732
- BAM: beta 2 agonist (bronchodilators), anticholinergics (ipratropium), and methylxanthines
- SLM: steroids, leukotriene inhibitor and mast cell stabilizers.
- Ensure marker is on zero, have child stand up straight, remove gum or food from mouth,
close lips tightly around the mouthpiece ensure tongue is not occluding, blow as hard and as
quickly as possible, read the number on meter, repeat this 2 more times for a total of 3
attempts, record highest number out of the 3. Used to provide a warning of increased airway
impairment. 3 zones seen is green 80-100%, yellow is 50-79% and red is less than 50%.
Diabetes- blood glucose levels and symptoms for hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia, reasons to
call the provider, what is DKA
- Hypoglycemia: glucose less than 70: hunger, shaky, anxiety, irritable, cool skin, diaphoresis,
tachycardia, decreasing LOC, blurred vision
- Hyperglycemia: greater than 250: thirst, polyuria (early), oliguria (late), nausea, vomit,
abdominal pain, skin is warm, dry, and flushed with poor turgor, dry mucous membranes,
confusion, weakness, lethargy, weak pulse, diminished reflex, rapid deep respiration with
fruit odor due to ketones
- DKA: greater than 330, causes are insufficient insulin, acute stress, poor management of
acute illness, place child on cardiac monitor, obtain venous access for fluids, electrolytes and
insulin. Ketone levels in blood and urine, fruity scent to breath, mental confusion, kussmaul
respirations.
Gastroenteri1s- difference between viral and bacterial gastroenteri1s, symptoms of mild,
moderate and severe dehydra1on
- Noroviris most common cause in all groups, commonly affects 6-18 months old, 80% occur
from November to April, high contagious spread person to person, occurs on cruise ships and
in nursing homes.
- Rotavirus most common cause of severe dehydrating diarrhea among infants and children,
usually affects infants and toddlers 3-15 months old. Severe watery diarrhea, vomiting, fever,
pain. Diarrhea can last 3-8 days
- Bacteria is by touching or eating contaminated good, raw or undercooked meats, eggs,
poultry, contaminated shellfish, touching animals that carry bacteria, unpasteurized milk,
swallowing contaminated water from wells, streams or swimming pools.
- Mild: anterior fontanel, pulse, bp WNR. Capillary refill great than 2 seconds, slight thirst
- Moderate: capillary refill 2-4 seconds, thirst and irritability, pulse slightly increased with
normal to orthostatic bp, dry mucus membranes and decreased tears and skin turgor, slightly
tachypnea, normal to sunken anterior fontanels on infants
- Severe: these symptoms likely to require immediate medical care: cap refill greater than 4
seconds, tachycardia present, extreme thirst, tented skin, very dry mucus membranes,
hyperpnea (rapid breathing), no tearing with sunken eyeballs, sunken fontanel, oliguria or
anuria (little no urine), reduced alertness and energy,
Toddlers- nutri1on, hospitaliza1on, promo1ng sleep
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