HESI LATEST 2024-2025 ACTUAL EXAM
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS WITH
RATIOANLES.
Terms in this set (721)
What PO2 value indicates
respiratory failure in
adults? PO2 < 60 mmHg
What blood value indicates PCO2 > 45 mmHg
hypercapnia?
What condition occurs Acute respiratory failure
when the PO2 is < 60
mmHg (acute hypoxemia),
the CO2 tension rises > 50
mmHg (acute hypercarbia,
hypercapnia) & the pH
drops < 7.35, or both?
Dyspnea, SOB
Tachypnea
Intercostal & sternal retractions
Cyanosis
What are the S/S of
Tachycardia
respiratory failure in
Cough that produces sputum
adults?
Fatigue
Fever
Crackles, wheezes
Chest pain (especially when trying to deep breathe)
, Hypotension
Confusion
Agitation, restlessness
CHD
RDS
Infection, sepsis
What are the common NM diseases
causes of respiratory failure Trauma, burns
in peds? Aspiration
FVO & dehydration
Anesthesia & narcotic OD
Structural anomalies resulting in airway obstruction
What percentage of O2 100% O2
should a child in severe
respiratory distress
receive?
Widespread, serious reduction of tissue perfusion, which
What is shock?
leads to generalized impairment of cellular function.
What is the most common Hypovolemia
cause of shock?
Release of endotoxins from bacteria, which act on the nerves in peripheral
vascular spaces, causing vascular pooling, reduced What causes septic shock?
venous return, decreased CO & results in poor systemic perfusion.
,What is the goal of tx for Quick restoration of CO & tissue perfusion.
hypovolemic shock?
It's important to differentiateH/o MI with LV failure or possible
cardiomyopathy, with S/S of between hypovolemic &pulmonary edema.
cardiogenic shock. How might the RN determine the existence of cardiogenic
shock?
If a pt is in cardiogenic shock,Pulmonary edema -- administer meds to
manage preload, what might result fromcontractility and/or afterload. For
example, to decrease administration of volume-afterload, nitroprusside
may be given.
expanding fluids, and what
intervention can the RN
expect to perform in the
event of such an occurrence?
Tachycardia
What are 5 assessment Tachypnea
findings occur in most Hypotension
shock pt's? Cool, clammy skin
Decreased urine output
Once circulating volume isEpi & NE
restored, vasopressors may beDopamine
given to increase venous
return.Dobutamine What are the main
drugs that areIsoproterenol used?
What is the established 30 mL/hr
minimum renal output per
hour?
MAP 80-90 mmHg
What are 4 measurable
criteria
PO2 > 50 mmHg
that are the major expected
, CVP 2-6 mmHg H2O
outcomes of a shock crisis?
Urine output ≥ 30 mL/hr
A coagulation disorder in which there's paradoxical thrombosis & What is DIC?
hemorrhage.
What medication is used Heparin
to tx DIC?
The RN assesses a pt with d) Nonstop physical activity & poor nutritional intake
the admitting dx of bipolar
affective disorder, mania. Rationale:
Which pt S/S require the Mania is a mood characterized by excitement,
RN's immediate action? euphoria, hyperactivity, excessive energy, decreased
need for sleep, and impaired ability to concentrate or
a) Incessant talking & complete a single train of thought. The client's mood is
sexualinnuendos predominantly elevated, expansive, or irritable. All of
b) Grandiose the options reflect a client's possible symptoms.
delusions & However, the correct option clearly presents a problem
poorconcentration that compromises physiological integrity and needs to
c) Outlandish be addressed immediately.
behaviors &inappropriate
dress
d) Nonstop physical
activity &poor nutritional
intake
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS WITH
RATIOANLES.
Terms in this set (721)
What PO2 value indicates
respiratory failure in
adults? PO2 < 60 mmHg
What blood value indicates PCO2 > 45 mmHg
hypercapnia?
What condition occurs Acute respiratory failure
when the PO2 is < 60
mmHg (acute hypoxemia),
the CO2 tension rises > 50
mmHg (acute hypercarbia,
hypercapnia) & the pH
drops < 7.35, or both?
Dyspnea, SOB
Tachypnea
Intercostal & sternal retractions
Cyanosis
What are the S/S of
Tachycardia
respiratory failure in
Cough that produces sputum
adults?
Fatigue
Fever
Crackles, wheezes
Chest pain (especially when trying to deep breathe)
, Hypotension
Confusion
Agitation, restlessness
CHD
RDS
Infection, sepsis
What are the common NM diseases
causes of respiratory failure Trauma, burns
in peds? Aspiration
FVO & dehydration
Anesthesia & narcotic OD
Structural anomalies resulting in airway obstruction
What percentage of O2 100% O2
should a child in severe
respiratory distress
receive?
Widespread, serious reduction of tissue perfusion, which
What is shock?
leads to generalized impairment of cellular function.
What is the most common Hypovolemia
cause of shock?
Release of endotoxins from bacteria, which act on the nerves in peripheral
vascular spaces, causing vascular pooling, reduced What causes septic shock?
venous return, decreased CO & results in poor systemic perfusion.
,What is the goal of tx for Quick restoration of CO & tissue perfusion.
hypovolemic shock?
It's important to differentiateH/o MI with LV failure or possible
cardiomyopathy, with S/S of between hypovolemic &pulmonary edema.
cardiogenic shock. How might the RN determine the existence of cardiogenic
shock?
If a pt is in cardiogenic shock,Pulmonary edema -- administer meds to
manage preload, what might result fromcontractility and/or afterload. For
example, to decrease administration of volume-afterload, nitroprusside
may be given.
expanding fluids, and what
intervention can the RN
expect to perform in the
event of such an occurrence?
Tachycardia
What are 5 assessment Tachypnea
findings occur in most Hypotension
shock pt's? Cool, clammy skin
Decreased urine output
Once circulating volume isEpi & NE
restored, vasopressors may beDopamine
given to increase venous
return.Dobutamine What are the main
drugs that areIsoproterenol used?
What is the established 30 mL/hr
minimum renal output per
hour?
MAP 80-90 mmHg
What are 4 measurable
criteria
PO2 > 50 mmHg
that are the major expected
, CVP 2-6 mmHg H2O
outcomes of a shock crisis?
Urine output ≥ 30 mL/hr
A coagulation disorder in which there's paradoxical thrombosis & What is DIC?
hemorrhage.
What medication is used Heparin
to tx DIC?
The RN assesses a pt with d) Nonstop physical activity & poor nutritional intake
the admitting dx of bipolar
affective disorder, mania. Rationale:
Which pt S/S require the Mania is a mood characterized by excitement,
RN's immediate action? euphoria, hyperactivity, excessive energy, decreased
need for sleep, and impaired ability to concentrate or
a) Incessant talking & complete a single train of thought. The client's mood is
sexualinnuendos predominantly elevated, expansive, or irritable. All of
b) Grandiose the options reflect a client's possible symptoms.
delusions & However, the correct option clearly presents a problem
poorconcentration that compromises physiological integrity and needs to
c) Outlandish be addressed immediately.
behaviors &inappropriate
dress
d) Nonstop physical
activity &poor nutritional
intake
