USABO 2022 mass deck| Exam Questions with Complete Solutions 100% Solved| Grade A+
contains epidermis, hypodermis, parenchyma ground tissue, and vascular bundles only.
hypodermis made of sclerenchyma. contains bundle sheath cells monocot stem
netlike veins dicot leaf
flower petals in multiple of 4 or 5 dicot flower
contains taproot. has xylem arranged in "x" shape. phloem around xylem. vascular canmbium
around xylem dicot root
vascular bundles in a ring. hypodermis made of collenchyma. contains parenchyma cortex &
endodermis before pericycle. contains vascular cambium for secondary growth. contains
medullary rays dicot stem
Amnion Forms inner sac around embryo, holds the amniotic fluid in which embryo floats
Chorion Forms outermost membrane around fetus and embryonic portion of placenta
Yolk Sac Site of early blood formation
Allantois Forms part of umbilical cord and part of urinary bladder
Which two membranes form the umbilical cord? Yolk sac and allantois
Four Embryonic Membrane Amnion
Chorion
,Yolk Sac
Allantois
Completed Amnion Eventually forms sac around embryo containing amniotic fluid
Early amnion cells + Mesoderms cells = complete amnion
Chorion Outermost embryonic membrane and forms part of the placenta
Cellular trophoblast + Mesoderm cells = complete chorion
Yolk Sac Formed by endoderm cells
Surrounded by mesoderm cells
Endoderm + Mesoderm = complete yolk sac
Allantois Begin as extensions of endoderm
Surrounded by mesoderm cells
Umbilical stalk Destined to become umbilical cord
Consists of extraembyonic mesoderm cells
percentage of components of blood 45% cellular
55% plasma
Ions in blood plasma, in order of frequency Na+
K+
Mg2+
Ca2+
,Cl-
Blood plasma proteins albumin (55%)
globulins (40%)
Fibrinogen (~5%)
globulins = immunoglobulins
Apolipoproteins lipid escorters in blood
Albumin function transport nonpolar substances
maintain osmotic pressure
how much hemoglobin in one RBC? 250 million
stem cells unspecialized cells that are able to divide for a long time
lymphoid progenitor cells lymphocyte precursor
lymphocyte = B-cells && T-cells
Myeloid progenitor cells all other blood cell precursor
RBCs, WBCs, platelets
, how does the kidney decide when to make erythropoetin? makes EPO when low O2
detected
Blood clotting mnemonic Please Pray Through Funtime Freddy — The PA Urine Plays Poorly
Platelets
Prothrombin --> thrombin
Fibrinogen --> fibrin
T-PA Urokinase
Plasminogen --> Plasmin
amnion Innermost membranous sac surrounding the developing fetus
amniotic sac and fluid
chorion placenta in mammals
gas exchange with egg shell (birds/reptiles)
yolk sac food for embryo (bird, reptiles)
contains fats, glucose, proteins
Allantois stores wastes & medaites gas exchange
contains epidermis, hypodermis, parenchyma ground tissue, and vascular bundles only.
hypodermis made of sclerenchyma. contains bundle sheath cells monocot stem
netlike veins dicot leaf
flower petals in multiple of 4 or 5 dicot flower
contains taproot. has xylem arranged in "x" shape. phloem around xylem. vascular canmbium
around xylem dicot root
vascular bundles in a ring. hypodermis made of collenchyma. contains parenchyma cortex &
endodermis before pericycle. contains vascular cambium for secondary growth. contains
medullary rays dicot stem
Amnion Forms inner sac around embryo, holds the amniotic fluid in which embryo floats
Chorion Forms outermost membrane around fetus and embryonic portion of placenta
Yolk Sac Site of early blood formation
Allantois Forms part of umbilical cord and part of urinary bladder
Which two membranes form the umbilical cord? Yolk sac and allantois
Four Embryonic Membrane Amnion
Chorion
,Yolk Sac
Allantois
Completed Amnion Eventually forms sac around embryo containing amniotic fluid
Early amnion cells + Mesoderms cells = complete amnion
Chorion Outermost embryonic membrane and forms part of the placenta
Cellular trophoblast + Mesoderm cells = complete chorion
Yolk Sac Formed by endoderm cells
Surrounded by mesoderm cells
Endoderm + Mesoderm = complete yolk sac
Allantois Begin as extensions of endoderm
Surrounded by mesoderm cells
Umbilical stalk Destined to become umbilical cord
Consists of extraembyonic mesoderm cells
percentage of components of blood 45% cellular
55% plasma
Ions in blood plasma, in order of frequency Na+
K+
Mg2+
Ca2+
,Cl-
Blood plasma proteins albumin (55%)
globulins (40%)
Fibrinogen (~5%)
globulins = immunoglobulins
Apolipoproteins lipid escorters in blood
Albumin function transport nonpolar substances
maintain osmotic pressure
how much hemoglobin in one RBC? 250 million
stem cells unspecialized cells that are able to divide for a long time
lymphoid progenitor cells lymphocyte precursor
lymphocyte = B-cells && T-cells
Myeloid progenitor cells all other blood cell precursor
RBCs, WBCs, platelets
, how does the kidney decide when to make erythropoetin? makes EPO when low O2
detected
Blood clotting mnemonic Please Pray Through Funtime Freddy — The PA Urine Plays Poorly
Platelets
Prothrombin --> thrombin
Fibrinogen --> fibrin
T-PA Urokinase
Plasminogen --> Plasmin
amnion Innermost membranous sac surrounding the developing fetus
amniotic sac and fluid
chorion placenta in mammals
gas exchange with egg shell (birds/reptiles)
yolk sac food for embryo (bird, reptiles)
contains fats, glucose, proteins
Allantois stores wastes & medaites gas exchange
