NSG 300
NSG-300 Exam 2 Study Guide Questions
with Verified Solutions 2025
The nurse receives the patient's most recent blood work results. Which laboratory value
is of greatest concern? -Correct Answer ✔Correct Answer:
Calcium of 15.5 mg/dL
Explanation:
Normal calcium range is 9 to 10.5 mg/dL; therefore, a value of 15.5mg/dL is abnormally
high and of concern.
Normal sodium: 136 to 145 mEq/L
Normal potassium: 3.5 to 5.0 mEq/L
Normal chloride: 98 to 106 mEq/L
The patient is an 80-year-old male who is visiting the clinic today for a routine physical
examination. The patient's skin turgor is fair, but the patient reports fatigue,
lightheadedness, and weakness. The skin is warm and dry, pulse rate is 116 beats/min,
and urinary sodium level is slightly elevated. Which instruction should the nurse
provide? -Correct Answer ✔Correct Answer:
Drink more water to prevent further dehydration.
Explanation:
Thirst sensation diminishes as you age, leading to inadequate fluid intake or
dehydration; the client should be encouraged to drink more water/fluids. Suggest the
client keeps a pitcher of water near to maintain adequate fluid intake. Symptoms of
dehydration in older adults include confusion, weakness, lightheadedness, hot dry skin,
furrowed tongue, and high urinary sodium. Milk continues to be an important food for
older woman and men, who need adequate calcium to protect against osteoporosis; the
patient's problem is dehydration, not osteoporosis.
NSG 300
,NSG 300
The nurse will anticipate which diagnostic examination for a patient with black tarry
stools? -Correct Answer ✔Correct Answer:
Endoscopy
Explanation:
Black tarry stools are an indication of bleeding in the GI tract; endoscopy would allow
visualization of the bleeding. No other option (ultrasound, barium enema, and anorectal
manometry) would allow GI visualization.
A patient requests the nurse's help to the bedside commode and becomes frustrated
when unable to void in front of the nurse. How should the nurse interpret the patient's
inability to void? -Correct Answer ✔Correct Answer:
The patient may be anxious, making it difficult for abdominal and perineal muscles to
relax enough to void.
Explanation:
Attempting to void in the presence of another can cause anxiety and tension in the
muscles that make voiding difficult. Anxiety can impact bladder emptying due to
inadequate relaxation of the pelvic floor muscles and urinary sphincter. The nurse should
give the patient privacy and adequate time if appropriate. No evidence suggests that an
underlying physiological (does not recognize signals or not drinking enough fluids) or
psychological (lonely) condition exists.
While receiving a shift report on a female patient, the nurse is informed that the patient
has been experiencing urinary incontinence. Upon assessment, which finding will the
nurse expect? -Correct Answer ✔Correct Answer:
Reddened irritated skin on buttocks
Explanation:
NSG 300
,NSG 300
Urinary incontinence is uncontrolled urinary elimination; if the urine has prolonged
contact with the skin, skin breakdown can occur. If
this is a new occurrence, it is important for the nurse to investigate reasons for the
incontinence. An indwelling Foley catheter is a solution for urine retention. Blood clots
and foul-smelling discharge are often signs of infection.
In providing diet education for a patient on a low-fat diet, which information is
important for the nurse to share? -Correct Answer ✔Correct Answer:
Saturated fats are found mostly in animal sources.
Explanation:
Most animal fats have high proportions of saturated fatty acids, whereas vegetable fats
have higher amounts of unsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Diet
recommendations include limiting saturated and trans fat to less than 10%.
A nurse is performing an assessment on a patient who has not had a bowel movement in
3 days. The nurse will expect which other assessment finding? -Correct Answer ✔Correct
Answer:
Hypoactive bowel sounds
Explanation:
Three or more days with no bowel movement indicates hypomotility of the GI tract.
Assessment findings would include hypoactive bowel sounds, a firm distended
abdomen, and pain or discomfort upon palpation. Increased fluid intake would help the
problem; a decreased intake can lead to constipation. Jaundice does not occur with
constipation but can occur with liver disease.
The health care provider has ordered a hypotonic intravenous (IV) solution to be
administered. Which IV bag will the nurse prepare? -Correct Answer ✔Correct Answer:
0.45% sodium chloride (1/2 NS)
NSG 300
, NSG 300
Explanation:
0.45% sodium chloride is a hypotonic solution. NS and LR are isotonic. D5LR is
hypertonic.
A nurse is evaluating an unlicensed assistive personnel's (UAP) care for a patient with an
indwelling catheter. Which action by the UAP will cause the nurse to intervene? -Correct
Answer ✔Correct Answer:
Placing the drainage bag on the side rail of the patient's bed
Explanation:
Placing the drainage bag on the side rail of the bed could allow the bag to be raised
above the level of the bladder and urine to flow back into the bladder. The urine in the
drainage bag is a medium for bacteria; allowing it to reenter the bladder can cause
infection. A key intervention to prevent catheter-associated urinary tract infections is
prevention of urine back flow from the tubing and bag into the bladder. All the rest are
correct procedures and do not require follow-up. The drainage bag should be emptied
when half full; an overfull drainage bag can create tension and pulling on the catheter,
resulting in trauma to the urethra and/or urinary meatus and increasing risk for urinary
tract infections. Urine specimens are obtained by temporarily kinking the tubing; a
prolonged kink could lead to bladder distention. Failure to secure the catheter to the
patient's thigh places the patient at risk for tissue injury from catheter dislodgment.
A nurse is preparing a bowel training program for a patient. Which actions will the nurse
take? Select all that apply. -Correct Answer ✔Correct Answers
Choose a time based on the patient's pattern to initiate defecation-control measures.
Record times when the patient is incontinent.
Help the patient to the toilet at the designated time.
Maintain normal exercise within the patient's physical ability.
NSG 300
NSG-300 Exam 2 Study Guide Questions
with Verified Solutions 2025
The nurse receives the patient's most recent blood work results. Which laboratory value
is of greatest concern? -Correct Answer ✔Correct Answer:
Calcium of 15.5 mg/dL
Explanation:
Normal calcium range is 9 to 10.5 mg/dL; therefore, a value of 15.5mg/dL is abnormally
high and of concern.
Normal sodium: 136 to 145 mEq/L
Normal potassium: 3.5 to 5.0 mEq/L
Normal chloride: 98 to 106 mEq/L
The patient is an 80-year-old male who is visiting the clinic today for a routine physical
examination. The patient's skin turgor is fair, but the patient reports fatigue,
lightheadedness, and weakness. The skin is warm and dry, pulse rate is 116 beats/min,
and urinary sodium level is slightly elevated. Which instruction should the nurse
provide? -Correct Answer ✔Correct Answer:
Drink more water to prevent further dehydration.
Explanation:
Thirst sensation diminishes as you age, leading to inadequate fluid intake or
dehydration; the client should be encouraged to drink more water/fluids. Suggest the
client keeps a pitcher of water near to maintain adequate fluid intake. Symptoms of
dehydration in older adults include confusion, weakness, lightheadedness, hot dry skin,
furrowed tongue, and high urinary sodium. Milk continues to be an important food for
older woman and men, who need adequate calcium to protect against osteoporosis; the
patient's problem is dehydration, not osteoporosis.
NSG 300
,NSG 300
The nurse will anticipate which diagnostic examination for a patient with black tarry
stools? -Correct Answer ✔Correct Answer:
Endoscopy
Explanation:
Black tarry stools are an indication of bleeding in the GI tract; endoscopy would allow
visualization of the bleeding. No other option (ultrasound, barium enema, and anorectal
manometry) would allow GI visualization.
A patient requests the nurse's help to the bedside commode and becomes frustrated
when unable to void in front of the nurse. How should the nurse interpret the patient's
inability to void? -Correct Answer ✔Correct Answer:
The patient may be anxious, making it difficult for abdominal and perineal muscles to
relax enough to void.
Explanation:
Attempting to void in the presence of another can cause anxiety and tension in the
muscles that make voiding difficult. Anxiety can impact bladder emptying due to
inadequate relaxation of the pelvic floor muscles and urinary sphincter. The nurse should
give the patient privacy and adequate time if appropriate. No evidence suggests that an
underlying physiological (does not recognize signals or not drinking enough fluids) or
psychological (lonely) condition exists.
While receiving a shift report on a female patient, the nurse is informed that the patient
has been experiencing urinary incontinence. Upon assessment, which finding will the
nurse expect? -Correct Answer ✔Correct Answer:
Reddened irritated skin on buttocks
Explanation:
NSG 300
,NSG 300
Urinary incontinence is uncontrolled urinary elimination; if the urine has prolonged
contact with the skin, skin breakdown can occur. If
this is a new occurrence, it is important for the nurse to investigate reasons for the
incontinence. An indwelling Foley catheter is a solution for urine retention. Blood clots
and foul-smelling discharge are often signs of infection.
In providing diet education for a patient on a low-fat diet, which information is
important for the nurse to share? -Correct Answer ✔Correct Answer:
Saturated fats are found mostly in animal sources.
Explanation:
Most animal fats have high proportions of saturated fatty acids, whereas vegetable fats
have higher amounts of unsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Diet
recommendations include limiting saturated and trans fat to less than 10%.
A nurse is performing an assessment on a patient who has not had a bowel movement in
3 days. The nurse will expect which other assessment finding? -Correct Answer ✔Correct
Answer:
Hypoactive bowel sounds
Explanation:
Three or more days with no bowel movement indicates hypomotility of the GI tract.
Assessment findings would include hypoactive bowel sounds, a firm distended
abdomen, and pain or discomfort upon palpation. Increased fluid intake would help the
problem; a decreased intake can lead to constipation. Jaundice does not occur with
constipation but can occur with liver disease.
The health care provider has ordered a hypotonic intravenous (IV) solution to be
administered. Which IV bag will the nurse prepare? -Correct Answer ✔Correct Answer:
0.45% sodium chloride (1/2 NS)
NSG 300
, NSG 300
Explanation:
0.45% sodium chloride is a hypotonic solution. NS and LR are isotonic. D5LR is
hypertonic.
A nurse is evaluating an unlicensed assistive personnel's (UAP) care for a patient with an
indwelling catheter. Which action by the UAP will cause the nurse to intervene? -Correct
Answer ✔Correct Answer:
Placing the drainage bag on the side rail of the patient's bed
Explanation:
Placing the drainage bag on the side rail of the bed could allow the bag to be raised
above the level of the bladder and urine to flow back into the bladder. The urine in the
drainage bag is a medium for bacteria; allowing it to reenter the bladder can cause
infection. A key intervention to prevent catheter-associated urinary tract infections is
prevention of urine back flow from the tubing and bag into the bladder. All the rest are
correct procedures and do not require follow-up. The drainage bag should be emptied
when half full; an overfull drainage bag can create tension and pulling on the catheter,
resulting in trauma to the urethra and/or urinary meatus and increasing risk for urinary
tract infections. Urine specimens are obtained by temporarily kinking the tubing; a
prolonged kink could lead to bladder distention. Failure to secure the catheter to the
patient's thigh places the patient at risk for tissue injury from catheter dislodgment.
A nurse is preparing a bowel training program for a patient. Which actions will the nurse
take? Select all that apply. -Correct Answer ✔Correct Answers
Choose a time based on the patient's pattern to initiate defecation-control measures.
Record times when the patient is incontinent.
Help the patient to the toilet at the designated time.
Maintain normal exercise within the patient's physical ability.
NSG 300
