Maternal Newborn ATI Study Guide
questions and answers 2025/2026
Types of barrier methods - Answer condoms, diaphragms
A client must be fitted every ___ years for a diaphragm. - Answer 2
Reasons clients will have to be refitted for diaphragm: - Answer -Every 2 years
-GainTypes of barrier methods - Answer condoms, diaphragms
A client must be fitted every ___ years for a diaphragm. - Answer 2
Reasons clients will have to be refitted for diaphragm: - Answer -Every 2 years
-Gained 15 pounds (7 kg)
-had full term pregnancy
-had 2nd term abortion
What must be used in addition will diaphragms? - Answer spermicide
A diaphragm must remain in place for ___ hours after intercourse. - Answer 6
True or False: Spermicide must be used with diaphragm for each act of intercourse. -
Answer True
Side effects of hormonal methods (oral, patch, Nuva Ring) of contraception: - Answer
chest pain, SOB, leg pain (possible clot), headache, eye problems, HTN
Hormonal methods risks - Answer -blood clots, leading to a stroke or PE
-HTN
Smokers should not take: - Answer hormonal contraceptives
Contraindications of hormonal contraceptives: - Answer hx of blood clots, stroke,
cardiac problems, breast/estrogen related cancers, smoker
Depo-provera - Answer injectable progestin
Depo-provera can cause: - Answer decreased bone mineral density
Education for client receiving Depo injection: - Answer receive adequate intake of
calcium and vitamin D
IUDs increase the risk of: - Answer pelvic inflammatory disease, uterine perforation, and
ectopic pregnancy
,Clients who had IUDs must be on the look out for: - Answer increase in string length,
foul smelling vaginal discharge, pain w/ intercourse, fever, chills
Definition of infertility - Answer the inability to conceive after trying for 12 months
Workup after determining infertility: - Answer -Sperm analysis on male (done 1st)
- Woman tested if male comes out negative
The nurse must ensure that the client receiving a test with dye does not have hx or
allergy to __ or ___. - Answer iodine or seafood
Presumptive signs of pregnancy - Answer amenorrhea, fatigue, nausea, vomiting,
urinary frequency, breast changes, quickening
Probable signs of pregnancy - Answer abdominal enlargement, hegar sign (softening of
uterus), chadwick's sign (bluish color of cervix, Goodell's sign (softening of cervical tip),
ballottement (rebound of unengaged fetus), braxton hicks contractions, positive
pregnancy test, fetal outline felt by examiner
Positive signs of pregnancy - Answer hearing fetal heart sounds, see baby with ultra
sounds, feeling of movement in uterus
Presumptive signs can: - Answer be explained for problems other than pregnancy
Positive signs of pregnancy are: - Answer very distinct
Naegele's rule - Answer subtract 3 months, add 7 days, add 1 year
***Easier way: Add 9 months, add 1 week***
GTPAL - Answer G- gravitity (# of times woman has been pregnant, including the
current pregnancy)
T- pregnancies of 38 wks or more
P- pregnancies of less than 38 wks
A- abortions/miscarriages
L- living children
weight gain range for pregnant woman who is a normal weight - Answer 25-35 pounds
weight gain range for woman who is overweight - Answer 15-25 pounds
Weight gain range for woman who is underweight - Answer 28-40 pounds
During 1st trimester, a woman shouldn't gain more than: - Answer 2-4 lbs (1-2 kg)
Once past 1st trimster, weight gain is expected as ___ - Answer 1 pound per week
,Expected extra calories per day for 2nd trimester - Answer 340 extra cal per day
Expected extra calories per day for 3rd trimester - Answer 450 extra calories per day
True or false: Mothers who are breastfeeding after pregnancy need extra daily calories -
Answer true
Range for extra daily calories when breastfeeding - Answer 300-400 cal/day
Folic acid helps prevent: - Answer fetal neural tube defects
Pregnant women should drink how much water per day? - Answer 2-3 L
Pregnant women should limit caffeine intake to ___ mg per day - Answer 300 mg
Sources of folic acid: - Answer dark, green leafy veggies, orange juice
When client is having ultrasound, the bladder should be: - Answer full (helps sounds
waves resonate better)
When client is having diagnostic test where belly is being poked (amniocentesis), the
bladder should be: - Answer empty
Biophysical profile (BPP) - Answer -score given between 0-10
-measures reactive heart, breathing, body movements, fetal tone, and amniotic fluid
volume
- each section is given score of 2 if normal and 0 if not normal
Normal score for BPP - Answer between 8-10 (indicated healthy baby)
Nonstress test - Answer -non invasive
-measures fetal well being within the last trimester of pregnancy
-measures response of fetal heart rate to fetal movement (button given to woman to
press when she feels baby move and then HR is measured in response to the
movement)
Non stress test is considered reactive if: - Answer Fetal HR accelerates during
movement
True or false: Reactive non stress test is normal - Answer true
Non stress test is considered non reactive if: - Answer fetal HR does not accelerate
adequately
Is nonreactive non stress test good or bad? - Answer bad
, If non stress test is nonreactive, what other tests may be performed? - Answer
biophysical profile, contraction stress test (CST)
During a contraction stress test, contractions are brought on by the use of: - Answer
pitocin (oxytocin) or nipple stimulation
What is monitored during the contraction of a contraction stress test? - Answer Fetal HR
to see if late deceleration occur
If no late decelerations occur during contraction stress test, then the result is: - Answer
negative (what you want)
If late decelerations do occur during contraction stress test, the result is: - Answer
positive (not a good thing)
Risk of contraction stress test - Answer can potentially send woman into preterm labor
When is amniocentesis usually done? - Answer 14 wks
What does amniocentesis test for? - Answer genetic abnormalities
What is looked at for amniocentesis? - Answer AFP (alpha fetoprotein)
LS Ratio (lecithin sphingomyelin ratio)
If levels of afp are high, then it is associated with: - Answer neural tube defects
If levels of afp are low, then it is associated with: - Answer chromosomal disorders
(Down syndrome)
What does LS ratio test for? - Answer fetal lung maturity
Risks associated with amniocentesis: - Answer amniotic fluid embolism, hemorrhage,
infection, laking of amniotic fluid, ruptured membranes, or miscarriage
When can Chorionic villus sampling be done? - Answer 10-12 wks
What does chorionic villus sampling test for? - Answer genetic abnormalities
Advantage of chorionic villus sampling as opposed to amniocentesis - Answer can be
done early to detect the genetic abnormalities
Ectopic pregnancy - Answer ovum is planted outside the uterus (often in fallopian tube)
Main symptom of an ectopic pregnancy: - Answer unilateral stabbing pain and
abdominal tenderness in LLQ
questions and answers 2025/2026
Types of barrier methods - Answer condoms, diaphragms
A client must be fitted every ___ years for a diaphragm. - Answer 2
Reasons clients will have to be refitted for diaphragm: - Answer -Every 2 years
-GainTypes of barrier methods - Answer condoms, diaphragms
A client must be fitted every ___ years for a diaphragm. - Answer 2
Reasons clients will have to be refitted for diaphragm: - Answer -Every 2 years
-Gained 15 pounds (7 kg)
-had full term pregnancy
-had 2nd term abortion
What must be used in addition will diaphragms? - Answer spermicide
A diaphragm must remain in place for ___ hours after intercourse. - Answer 6
True or False: Spermicide must be used with diaphragm for each act of intercourse. -
Answer True
Side effects of hormonal methods (oral, patch, Nuva Ring) of contraception: - Answer
chest pain, SOB, leg pain (possible clot), headache, eye problems, HTN
Hormonal methods risks - Answer -blood clots, leading to a stroke or PE
-HTN
Smokers should not take: - Answer hormonal contraceptives
Contraindications of hormonal contraceptives: - Answer hx of blood clots, stroke,
cardiac problems, breast/estrogen related cancers, smoker
Depo-provera - Answer injectable progestin
Depo-provera can cause: - Answer decreased bone mineral density
Education for client receiving Depo injection: - Answer receive adequate intake of
calcium and vitamin D
IUDs increase the risk of: - Answer pelvic inflammatory disease, uterine perforation, and
ectopic pregnancy
,Clients who had IUDs must be on the look out for: - Answer increase in string length,
foul smelling vaginal discharge, pain w/ intercourse, fever, chills
Definition of infertility - Answer the inability to conceive after trying for 12 months
Workup after determining infertility: - Answer -Sperm analysis on male (done 1st)
- Woman tested if male comes out negative
The nurse must ensure that the client receiving a test with dye does not have hx or
allergy to __ or ___. - Answer iodine or seafood
Presumptive signs of pregnancy - Answer amenorrhea, fatigue, nausea, vomiting,
urinary frequency, breast changes, quickening
Probable signs of pregnancy - Answer abdominal enlargement, hegar sign (softening of
uterus), chadwick's sign (bluish color of cervix, Goodell's sign (softening of cervical tip),
ballottement (rebound of unengaged fetus), braxton hicks contractions, positive
pregnancy test, fetal outline felt by examiner
Positive signs of pregnancy - Answer hearing fetal heart sounds, see baby with ultra
sounds, feeling of movement in uterus
Presumptive signs can: - Answer be explained for problems other than pregnancy
Positive signs of pregnancy are: - Answer very distinct
Naegele's rule - Answer subtract 3 months, add 7 days, add 1 year
***Easier way: Add 9 months, add 1 week***
GTPAL - Answer G- gravitity (# of times woman has been pregnant, including the
current pregnancy)
T- pregnancies of 38 wks or more
P- pregnancies of less than 38 wks
A- abortions/miscarriages
L- living children
weight gain range for pregnant woman who is a normal weight - Answer 25-35 pounds
weight gain range for woman who is overweight - Answer 15-25 pounds
Weight gain range for woman who is underweight - Answer 28-40 pounds
During 1st trimester, a woman shouldn't gain more than: - Answer 2-4 lbs (1-2 kg)
Once past 1st trimster, weight gain is expected as ___ - Answer 1 pound per week
,Expected extra calories per day for 2nd trimester - Answer 340 extra cal per day
Expected extra calories per day for 3rd trimester - Answer 450 extra calories per day
True or false: Mothers who are breastfeeding after pregnancy need extra daily calories -
Answer true
Range for extra daily calories when breastfeeding - Answer 300-400 cal/day
Folic acid helps prevent: - Answer fetal neural tube defects
Pregnant women should drink how much water per day? - Answer 2-3 L
Pregnant women should limit caffeine intake to ___ mg per day - Answer 300 mg
Sources of folic acid: - Answer dark, green leafy veggies, orange juice
When client is having ultrasound, the bladder should be: - Answer full (helps sounds
waves resonate better)
When client is having diagnostic test where belly is being poked (amniocentesis), the
bladder should be: - Answer empty
Biophysical profile (BPP) - Answer -score given between 0-10
-measures reactive heart, breathing, body movements, fetal tone, and amniotic fluid
volume
- each section is given score of 2 if normal and 0 if not normal
Normal score for BPP - Answer between 8-10 (indicated healthy baby)
Nonstress test - Answer -non invasive
-measures fetal well being within the last trimester of pregnancy
-measures response of fetal heart rate to fetal movement (button given to woman to
press when she feels baby move and then HR is measured in response to the
movement)
Non stress test is considered reactive if: - Answer Fetal HR accelerates during
movement
True or false: Reactive non stress test is normal - Answer true
Non stress test is considered non reactive if: - Answer fetal HR does not accelerate
adequately
Is nonreactive non stress test good or bad? - Answer bad
, If non stress test is nonreactive, what other tests may be performed? - Answer
biophysical profile, contraction stress test (CST)
During a contraction stress test, contractions are brought on by the use of: - Answer
pitocin (oxytocin) or nipple stimulation
What is monitored during the contraction of a contraction stress test? - Answer Fetal HR
to see if late deceleration occur
If no late decelerations occur during contraction stress test, then the result is: - Answer
negative (what you want)
If late decelerations do occur during contraction stress test, the result is: - Answer
positive (not a good thing)
Risk of contraction stress test - Answer can potentially send woman into preterm labor
When is amniocentesis usually done? - Answer 14 wks
What does amniocentesis test for? - Answer genetic abnormalities
What is looked at for amniocentesis? - Answer AFP (alpha fetoprotein)
LS Ratio (lecithin sphingomyelin ratio)
If levels of afp are high, then it is associated with: - Answer neural tube defects
If levels of afp are low, then it is associated with: - Answer chromosomal disorders
(Down syndrome)
What does LS ratio test for? - Answer fetal lung maturity
Risks associated with amniocentesis: - Answer amniotic fluid embolism, hemorrhage,
infection, laking of amniotic fluid, ruptured membranes, or miscarriage
When can Chorionic villus sampling be done? - Answer 10-12 wks
What does chorionic villus sampling test for? - Answer genetic abnormalities
Advantage of chorionic villus sampling as opposed to amniocentesis - Answer can be
done early to detect the genetic abnormalities
Ectopic pregnancy - Answer ovum is planted outside the uterus (often in fallopian tube)
Main symptom of an ectopic pregnancy: - Answer unilateral stabbing pain and
abdominal tenderness in LLQ
