,
,
,
,B : Unconscious inference
C : Classical conditioning
D : Operant conditioning
Correct Answer : C
25 : Behaviorists believe that the presentation of increases the frequency of
behavior.
A : positive reinforcers
B : discriminative stimuli
C : backward conditioning
D : inhibitory neurotransmitters
Correct Answer : A
26 : Which of the following psychologists is known for research on operant conditioning?
A : Franciscus Donders
B : Wilhelm Wundt
C : John Watson
D : B. F. Skinner
Correct Answer : D
27 : The investigation of how behavior is strengthened by presentation of positive reinforcers
(e.g., food) or withdrawal of negative reinforcers (e.g., shock) is best known as
A : classical conditioning.
B : the method of savings.
C : choice reaction time.
D : operant conditioning.
Correct Answer : D
28 : Who developed the concept of the cognitive map?
A : Raynor
B : Sanders
C : James
D : Tolman
Correct Answer : D
29 : A mental conception of the layout of a physical space is known as a(n)
A : cognitive map.
B : mental model.
C : artificial intelligence.
D : memory consolidation.
Correct Answer : A
30 : Regarding childrens language development, Noam Chomsky noted that children generate
many sentences they have never heard before. From this, he concluded that language
development is driven largely by
A : an inborn biological program.
B : cultural influences.
,C : classical conditioning.
D : operant conditioning.
,Correct Answer : A
31 : Who proposed that childrens language development was caused by imitation and
reinforcement?
A : Noam Chomsky
B : John Watson
C : Keller Breland
D : B. F. Skinner
Correct Answer : D
32 : Which of the following events is most closely associated with a resurgence in interest in the
mind within the study of psychology?
A : Watsons Little Albert experiment
B : Skinners publication of the book, Verbal Behavior
C : Development of the technique of analytic introspection
D : Tolmans proposal of cognitive maps
Correct Answer : B
33 : Which of the following does NOT characterize the information processing (IP) approach to
the study of cognition?
A : IP depicts the mind as processing information in a sequence of stages.
B : IP emphasizes stimulusresponse relationships in cognitive processes.
C : IP involves the use of computers as a metaphor to understand human cognition.
D : IP traces the sequence of mental operations involved in cognition.
Correct Answer : B
34 : Your text describes the occurrence of a cognitive revolution during which dramatic changes
took place in the way psychology was studied. This so-called revolution occurred parallel to
(and, in part, because of) the introduction of
A : cognitive psychology textbooks.
B : analytic introspection.
C : Skinner boxes.
D : computers.
Correct Answer : D
35 : Wundts approach, which dominated psychology in the late 1800s and early 1900s, was
known as
A : structuralism.
B : analytic introspection.
C : sensations.
D : cognitive psychology.
Correct Answer : A
36 : Colin Cherrys experiment in which participants listen to two messages simultaneously, one
in each ear, found all but which of the following?
A : People can focus on one message and ignore the other one.
B : People can focus on the message they were repeating.
,C : People take in very little information about the ignored message.
D : People who are deaf process auditory information on a nonconscious level.
Correct Answer : D
37 : Donald Broadbent was the first person to develop which of the following?
A : A flow diagram depicting the mind as processing information in a sequence of stages
B : A computer program for solving logic problems
C : An experimental procedure for studying the way people process information
D : The first textbook of cognitive psychology
Correct Answer : A
38 : Who introduced the flow diagram to represent what is happening in the mind?
A : Donald Broadbent
B : Colin Cherry
C : Newell and Simon
D : Wilhelm Wundt
Correct Answer : A
39 : A technique in which trained participants described their experiences and thought
processes in response to stimuli is known as
A : structuralism.
B : analytic introspection.
C : sensations.
D : cognitive psychology.
Correct Answer : B
40 : Watson became dissatisfied with the method of analytic introspection in which context?
A : Behaviorism
B : Results were interpreted in terms of invisible inner mental processes
C : It produced same results from person to person
D : Results were easy to verify
Correct Answer : B
41 : The use of the term artificial intelligence was coined by
A : B. F. Skinner.
B : Colin Cherry.
C : Edward Tolman.
D : John McCarthy.
Correct Answer : D
42 : Newell and Simon were among the first to use computers for artificial intelligence. Their
computer program
A : simulated human attention.
B : created proofs for problems in logic.
C : controlled presentation of visual stimuli.
D : produced the first flow diagram.
,Correct Answer : B
43 : At the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Symposium on Information Theory, George
Miller presented a paper suggesting that
A : the human ability to process information is unlimited.
B : there are limits to the human ability to process information.
C : intelligent machines can be successfully created.
D : memory consolidation is enhanced by REM sleep.
Correct Answer : B
44 : Why can we consider Tolman one of the early cognitive psychologists?
A : Because he used behavior to infer mental processes
B : Because of his focus on measuring behavior
C : Because he focused on the stimulusresponse connections in the rats mind during his maze
experiment
D : Because of his interest in operant conditioning
Correct Answer : A
45 : The cognitive revolution
A : occurred rapidly, within a period of a few years, in response to the attacks on Skinner and
the development of computers.
B : extended over a long period of time, beginning in the early part of the century, in reaction to
Wundts introspection experiments.
C : was a gradual process that occurred over a few decades.
D : was not really necessary because the study of the mind has been a constant part of
experimental psychology since the founding of the first psychology laboratory.
Correct Answer : C
46 : Verbal Behavior was written by
A : Noam Chomsky.
B : Watson.
C : Tolman.
D : B. F. Skinner.
Correct Answer : D
47 : Which book was written by Thomas Kuhn?
A : Verbal Behavior
B : The Structure of Scientific Revolutions
C : Cognitive Psychology
D : Sensory Memory
Correct Answer : B
48 : Which of the following terms is correct in context with Pairing one stimulus with another?
A : Cognitive mapping
B : Paradigm shift
C : Classical conditioning
D : Behaviorism
, Correct Answer : C
49 : Which of the following terms is correct in context with conception within the rats mind of the
mazes layout?
A : Cognitive mapping
B : Paradigm shift
C : Classical conditioning
D : Behaviorism
Correct Answer : A
50 : As a result of gaps in the behaviorist paradigm, the new cognitive paradigm began to
emerge in which decade?
A : 1950s
B : 1930s
C : 1940s
D : 1920s
Correct Answer : A
51 : What does the field of neuropsychology study?
A : Behavior of people with brain damage
B : Electrical responses of the nervous system
C : Higher mental processes
D : Sequences of mental operations involved in cognition
Correct Answer : A
52 : In which year was positron emission tomography (PET) introduced and made it possible to
see which areas of the human brain are activated during cognitive activity?
A : 1969
B : 1984
C : 1991
D : 1976
Correct Answer : D
53 : Richard Atkinson and Richard Shiffrins (1968) model of memory, which was introduced a
year after the publication of Neissers book, described the flow of information in the memory
system as progressing through three stages. Which memory holds incoming information for a
fraction of a second and then passes most of this information to short-term memory?
A : Long-term memory
B : Sensory memory
C : Episodic memory
D : Semantic memory
Correct Answer : B
54 : Which of the following is NOT true of positron emission tomography (PET)?
A : It replaced functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) because it was less expensive.
B : It shows which areas of the human brain are activated during cognitive activity.
C : It provides a lower-resolution image than fMRI.
D : It involved injecting radioactive tracers into a persons bloodstream.
,
,
,B : Unconscious inference
C : Classical conditioning
D : Operant conditioning
Correct Answer : C
25 : Behaviorists believe that the presentation of increases the frequency of
behavior.
A : positive reinforcers
B : discriminative stimuli
C : backward conditioning
D : inhibitory neurotransmitters
Correct Answer : A
26 : Which of the following psychologists is known for research on operant conditioning?
A : Franciscus Donders
B : Wilhelm Wundt
C : John Watson
D : B. F. Skinner
Correct Answer : D
27 : The investigation of how behavior is strengthened by presentation of positive reinforcers
(e.g., food) or withdrawal of negative reinforcers (e.g., shock) is best known as
A : classical conditioning.
B : the method of savings.
C : choice reaction time.
D : operant conditioning.
Correct Answer : D
28 : Who developed the concept of the cognitive map?
A : Raynor
B : Sanders
C : James
D : Tolman
Correct Answer : D
29 : A mental conception of the layout of a physical space is known as a(n)
A : cognitive map.
B : mental model.
C : artificial intelligence.
D : memory consolidation.
Correct Answer : A
30 : Regarding childrens language development, Noam Chomsky noted that children generate
many sentences they have never heard before. From this, he concluded that language
development is driven largely by
A : an inborn biological program.
B : cultural influences.
,C : classical conditioning.
D : operant conditioning.
,Correct Answer : A
31 : Who proposed that childrens language development was caused by imitation and
reinforcement?
A : Noam Chomsky
B : John Watson
C : Keller Breland
D : B. F. Skinner
Correct Answer : D
32 : Which of the following events is most closely associated with a resurgence in interest in the
mind within the study of psychology?
A : Watsons Little Albert experiment
B : Skinners publication of the book, Verbal Behavior
C : Development of the technique of analytic introspection
D : Tolmans proposal of cognitive maps
Correct Answer : B
33 : Which of the following does NOT characterize the information processing (IP) approach to
the study of cognition?
A : IP depicts the mind as processing information in a sequence of stages.
B : IP emphasizes stimulusresponse relationships in cognitive processes.
C : IP involves the use of computers as a metaphor to understand human cognition.
D : IP traces the sequence of mental operations involved in cognition.
Correct Answer : B
34 : Your text describes the occurrence of a cognitive revolution during which dramatic changes
took place in the way psychology was studied. This so-called revolution occurred parallel to
(and, in part, because of) the introduction of
A : cognitive psychology textbooks.
B : analytic introspection.
C : Skinner boxes.
D : computers.
Correct Answer : D
35 : Wundts approach, which dominated psychology in the late 1800s and early 1900s, was
known as
A : structuralism.
B : analytic introspection.
C : sensations.
D : cognitive psychology.
Correct Answer : A
36 : Colin Cherrys experiment in which participants listen to two messages simultaneously, one
in each ear, found all but which of the following?
A : People can focus on one message and ignore the other one.
B : People can focus on the message they were repeating.
,C : People take in very little information about the ignored message.
D : People who are deaf process auditory information on a nonconscious level.
Correct Answer : D
37 : Donald Broadbent was the first person to develop which of the following?
A : A flow diagram depicting the mind as processing information in a sequence of stages
B : A computer program for solving logic problems
C : An experimental procedure for studying the way people process information
D : The first textbook of cognitive psychology
Correct Answer : A
38 : Who introduced the flow diagram to represent what is happening in the mind?
A : Donald Broadbent
B : Colin Cherry
C : Newell and Simon
D : Wilhelm Wundt
Correct Answer : A
39 : A technique in which trained participants described their experiences and thought
processes in response to stimuli is known as
A : structuralism.
B : analytic introspection.
C : sensations.
D : cognitive psychology.
Correct Answer : B
40 : Watson became dissatisfied with the method of analytic introspection in which context?
A : Behaviorism
B : Results were interpreted in terms of invisible inner mental processes
C : It produced same results from person to person
D : Results were easy to verify
Correct Answer : B
41 : The use of the term artificial intelligence was coined by
A : B. F. Skinner.
B : Colin Cherry.
C : Edward Tolman.
D : John McCarthy.
Correct Answer : D
42 : Newell and Simon were among the first to use computers for artificial intelligence. Their
computer program
A : simulated human attention.
B : created proofs for problems in logic.
C : controlled presentation of visual stimuli.
D : produced the first flow diagram.
,Correct Answer : B
43 : At the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Symposium on Information Theory, George
Miller presented a paper suggesting that
A : the human ability to process information is unlimited.
B : there are limits to the human ability to process information.
C : intelligent machines can be successfully created.
D : memory consolidation is enhanced by REM sleep.
Correct Answer : B
44 : Why can we consider Tolman one of the early cognitive psychologists?
A : Because he used behavior to infer mental processes
B : Because of his focus on measuring behavior
C : Because he focused on the stimulusresponse connections in the rats mind during his maze
experiment
D : Because of his interest in operant conditioning
Correct Answer : A
45 : The cognitive revolution
A : occurred rapidly, within a period of a few years, in response to the attacks on Skinner and
the development of computers.
B : extended over a long period of time, beginning in the early part of the century, in reaction to
Wundts introspection experiments.
C : was a gradual process that occurred over a few decades.
D : was not really necessary because the study of the mind has been a constant part of
experimental psychology since the founding of the first psychology laboratory.
Correct Answer : C
46 : Verbal Behavior was written by
A : Noam Chomsky.
B : Watson.
C : Tolman.
D : B. F. Skinner.
Correct Answer : D
47 : Which book was written by Thomas Kuhn?
A : Verbal Behavior
B : The Structure of Scientific Revolutions
C : Cognitive Psychology
D : Sensory Memory
Correct Answer : B
48 : Which of the following terms is correct in context with Pairing one stimulus with another?
A : Cognitive mapping
B : Paradigm shift
C : Classical conditioning
D : Behaviorism
, Correct Answer : C
49 : Which of the following terms is correct in context with conception within the rats mind of the
mazes layout?
A : Cognitive mapping
B : Paradigm shift
C : Classical conditioning
D : Behaviorism
Correct Answer : A
50 : As a result of gaps in the behaviorist paradigm, the new cognitive paradigm began to
emerge in which decade?
A : 1950s
B : 1930s
C : 1940s
D : 1920s
Correct Answer : A
51 : What does the field of neuropsychology study?
A : Behavior of people with brain damage
B : Electrical responses of the nervous system
C : Higher mental processes
D : Sequences of mental operations involved in cognition
Correct Answer : A
52 : In which year was positron emission tomography (PET) introduced and made it possible to
see which areas of the human brain are activated during cognitive activity?
A : 1969
B : 1984
C : 1991
D : 1976
Correct Answer : D
53 : Richard Atkinson and Richard Shiffrins (1968) model of memory, which was introduced a
year after the publication of Neissers book, described the flow of information in the memory
system as progressing through three stages. Which memory holds incoming information for a
fraction of a second and then passes most of this information to short-term memory?
A : Long-term memory
B : Sensory memory
C : Episodic memory
D : Semantic memory
Correct Answer : B
54 : Which of the following is NOT true of positron emission tomography (PET)?
A : It replaced functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) because it was less expensive.
B : It shows which areas of the human brain are activated during cognitive activity.
C : It provides a lower-resolution image than fMRI.
D : It involved injecting radioactive tracers into a persons bloodstream.
