Biology 206 Final Exam Study Guide |
Actual study set | Questions and verified
Answers
What are the three points of the Cell Theory? - ANSW-(1) all organisms are composed of cells
(2) cells are the basic unit of life
(3) cells arise from previous cells
What are the four characteristics of Prokaryotes, and what is an example? - ANSW-(1) non-membrane
bound organelles
(2) no nuclei
(3) smaller
(4) non-complex
Example: bacteria
What are the four characteristics of Eukaryotes, and what are two examples? - ANSW-(1) membrane
bound organelles
(2) nucleus
(3) larger
(4) complex
Examples: plants & animals
What are the four types of tissue? - ANSW-Epithelial, connective, muscular, and nervous
What are the four types of Epithelial tissue, where are they found, and what are they for? - ANSW-
Cubodial (kidneys, secretion), columnar (inner stomach, keep fluids in), stratified squamous (skin,
protection), simple squamous (lungs & arteries, gas exchange)
What are the.five types of Connective Tissue, where are they found, and what is their function? - ANSW-
(1) Loose connective (in-between organs, holding organs together),
(2) Dense connective (tendons, attaches muscle to bone),
(3) Adipose(mammary glands, stores nutrients), (4) Cartilage (ears, support),
(5) Bone(skeletal system, support), and
(5) Blood (vessels and arteries, transportation of nutrients)
What are the three types of Blood Cells, and what are their functions? - ANSW-(1) Red Blood Cells
(oxygen and carbon dioxide transport)
(2) White Blood Cells (immune system)
(3) Platelets (aid in clotting)
What are the three types of Muscular Tissue and what are their functions? - ANSW-(1) Smooth (bladder,
contractions and involuntary functions)
(2) Cardiac (heart, involuntary pumping of blood to body)
(3) Skeletal (attached to bones, voluntary movement in the body)
What are the two parts to Nervous Tissue? - ANSW-(1) Neurons (transmit nerve impulses)
, (2) Glial Cells
What are membranes? - ANSW-thin lining over epithelial tissue overlaying a layer of loose connective
tissue
What are the four types of membranes, where are they found, and what are their functions? - ANSW-(1)
Mucous (lines digestive, respiratory, urinary and reproductive system, protects linings)
(2) Serous (line abdominal cavities, secrete watery fluid for lubrication)
(3) Synovial (line joint cavities, secretes synovial fluid to help bones move)
(4) Meninges (protects the brain and spinal cord)
What are the three parts to the developmental sequence? - ANSW-(1) Cell Divison
(2) Cell Migration
(3) Cell Differentiation
What are the two types of eggs? - ANSW-(1) Large amount of yolk, cleavage is either complete or
incomplete
(2) Little amount of yolk, complete cleavage
What does Holoblastic mean? - ANSW-having cleavage planes that divide eggs into separate blastomeres
What is a Blastomere? - ANSW-a cell formed by a cleavage of a fertilized ovum
What are the two types of cleavage, and what is the difference? - ANSW-(1) Spiral Cleavage (called
protostomes, first hole forms the mouth)
(2) Radial Cleavage (called deuterostomes, first hole becomes anus)
What are the two types of hemispheres, and what is the difference? - ANSW-(1) Animal Hemisphere
(black, not as heavy)
(2) Vegetal Hemisphere (white, heavy)
What is the developmental sequence of a Frog? - ANSW-unfertilized egg, fertilized egg, 2 cell, 4 cell, 8
cell, 32 cell, blastula, gastrula, neurula, larva
What is the developmental sequence of a Sea Star? - ANSW-unfertilized egg, fertilized egg, 2 cell, 4 cell,
8 cell, 16 cell, blastula, early gastrula, late gastrula, bippinaria larva
What is innate behavior? - ANSW-instinctive, happens naturall
What are the four types of Innate Behavior? - ANSW-reflex, taxis, kinesis, migration
What is Reflex? - ANSW-response to a stimulus
What is Taxis? - ANSW-orientation of movement with respect to the direction of a stimulus
What is Kinesis? - ANSW-non-directional movement
What is Migration? - ANSW-long change in location
What is Learned Behavior? - ANSW-has to be taught, has the ability to be changed
What are the three types of Learned Behavior, and what is an example of each? - ANSW-(1) Associative
(teaching to associate stimulus with consequence)
(2) Operant Conditioning (trial and error learning
(3) Classical Conditioning (teaching an organism to associate irrelevant stimulus with reward)
What is Habituation? - ANSW-Loss of response to certain stimuli
Actual study set | Questions and verified
Answers
What are the three points of the Cell Theory? - ANSW-(1) all organisms are composed of cells
(2) cells are the basic unit of life
(3) cells arise from previous cells
What are the four characteristics of Prokaryotes, and what is an example? - ANSW-(1) non-membrane
bound organelles
(2) no nuclei
(3) smaller
(4) non-complex
Example: bacteria
What are the four characteristics of Eukaryotes, and what are two examples? - ANSW-(1) membrane
bound organelles
(2) nucleus
(3) larger
(4) complex
Examples: plants & animals
What are the four types of tissue? - ANSW-Epithelial, connective, muscular, and nervous
What are the four types of Epithelial tissue, where are they found, and what are they for? - ANSW-
Cubodial (kidneys, secretion), columnar (inner stomach, keep fluids in), stratified squamous (skin,
protection), simple squamous (lungs & arteries, gas exchange)
What are the.five types of Connective Tissue, where are they found, and what is their function? - ANSW-
(1) Loose connective (in-between organs, holding organs together),
(2) Dense connective (tendons, attaches muscle to bone),
(3) Adipose(mammary glands, stores nutrients), (4) Cartilage (ears, support),
(5) Bone(skeletal system, support), and
(5) Blood (vessels and arteries, transportation of nutrients)
What are the three types of Blood Cells, and what are their functions? - ANSW-(1) Red Blood Cells
(oxygen and carbon dioxide transport)
(2) White Blood Cells (immune system)
(3) Platelets (aid in clotting)
What are the three types of Muscular Tissue and what are their functions? - ANSW-(1) Smooth (bladder,
contractions and involuntary functions)
(2) Cardiac (heart, involuntary pumping of blood to body)
(3) Skeletal (attached to bones, voluntary movement in the body)
What are the two parts to Nervous Tissue? - ANSW-(1) Neurons (transmit nerve impulses)
, (2) Glial Cells
What are membranes? - ANSW-thin lining over epithelial tissue overlaying a layer of loose connective
tissue
What are the four types of membranes, where are they found, and what are their functions? - ANSW-(1)
Mucous (lines digestive, respiratory, urinary and reproductive system, protects linings)
(2) Serous (line abdominal cavities, secrete watery fluid for lubrication)
(3) Synovial (line joint cavities, secretes synovial fluid to help bones move)
(4) Meninges (protects the brain and spinal cord)
What are the three parts to the developmental sequence? - ANSW-(1) Cell Divison
(2) Cell Migration
(3) Cell Differentiation
What are the two types of eggs? - ANSW-(1) Large amount of yolk, cleavage is either complete or
incomplete
(2) Little amount of yolk, complete cleavage
What does Holoblastic mean? - ANSW-having cleavage planes that divide eggs into separate blastomeres
What is a Blastomere? - ANSW-a cell formed by a cleavage of a fertilized ovum
What are the two types of cleavage, and what is the difference? - ANSW-(1) Spiral Cleavage (called
protostomes, first hole forms the mouth)
(2) Radial Cleavage (called deuterostomes, first hole becomes anus)
What are the two types of hemispheres, and what is the difference? - ANSW-(1) Animal Hemisphere
(black, not as heavy)
(2) Vegetal Hemisphere (white, heavy)
What is the developmental sequence of a Frog? - ANSW-unfertilized egg, fertilized egg, 2 cell, 4 cell, 8
cell, 32 cell, blastula, gastrula, neurula, larva
What is the developmental sequence of a Sea Star? - ANSW-unfertilized egg, fertilized egg, 2 cell, 4 cell,
8 cell, 16 cell, blastula, early gastrula, late gastrula, bippinaria larva
What is innate behavior? - ANSW-instinctive, happens naturall
What are the four types of Innate Behavior? - ANSW-reflex, taxis, kinesis, migration
What is Reflex? - ANSW-response to a stimulus
What is Taxis? - ANSW-orientation of movement with respect to the direction of a stimulus
What is Kinesis? - ANSW-non-directional movement
What is Migration? - ANSW-long change in location
What is Learned Behavior? - ANSW-has to be taught, has the ability to be changed
What are the three types of Learned Behavior, and what is an example of each? - ANSW-(1) Associative
(teaching to associate stimulus with consequence)
(2) Operant Conditioning (trial and error learning
(3) Classical Conditioning (teaching an organism to associate irrelevant stimulus with reward)
What is Habituation? - ANSW-Loss of response to certain stimuli
