NURS
549
/
Pharm
/
Final Exam Questions With Correct Answers
/ / / / / /
Dipeptidyl /peptidase-4 /(DPP4) /- /correct /answer(s) /✔✔ /the /hormone /that /breaks /GLP-
1 /down /into /its /inactive /form. /GLP-
1
/is
/the
/incretin
/hormone
/secreted
/by
/the
/small
/intestine
/that
/slows
/gastric
/emptying,
/suppresses
/glucagon
/secretion,
/enhances
/insulin /secretion, /enhances /beta /cell /proliferation, /and /decreases /beta /cell /apoptosis.
Glucagon /- /correct /answer(s) /✔✔ /the /hormone /of /fuel /catabolism—
it
/increases
/blood
/sugar
,/by
/stimulating /stored /glycogen /in /liver /to /glucose /so /it /can /be /released /into /the /blood /stream.
Incretin /Mimetics /- /correct /answer(s) /✔✔ /- /class /of /drugs /that /are /synthetic /GLP-
1. /So /does /all /of /the /things /that /GLP-1 /does /(stimulates /glucose-
dependent
/insulin
/secretion, /lowers /glucagon /concentrations /during /period /of /hyperglycemia, /inhibits /post-
prandial /glucagon /release, /slows /gastric /emptying /so /you /feel /full). /Reduces /HbA1c /by /1-
2%.
/Causes
/NAUSEA.
/Can
/also /lead /to /ENDOCRINE /MALIGNANCIES /and /PANCREATITIS. /You /need /a /functioning /beta /cell
/for /these /drugs.
Incretin /Mimetics /Drugs /- /correct /answer(s) /✔✔ /Liraglutide /(Victoza), /Exenatide /(Byetta)
DPP4 /Inhibitors /- /correct /answer(s) /✔✔ /-blocks /the /enzyme /that /degrades /GLP-
1, /so /you /have /an /enhanced /natural /GLP-
1 /(the /patient /must /be /capable /of /producing /his/her /own). /Same /adverse /effects—
ENDOCRINE /CANCERS, /PANCREATITIS, /GASTROPARESIS.
DPP4
/Inhibitors
/Drugs /-
/correct /answer(s) /✔✔ /Sitagliptin /(Januvia), /Saxagliptin /(Onglyza), /Linagliptin /(Tradjenta)
Metformin /-
/correct
/answer(s)
/✔✔ /-
/primary
,/mechanism
/of
/action
/is
/suppression
/of
/gluconeogenesis
/in
/liver.
/First
/drug
/of
/choice
/for
/Type /
2
/DM.
/The
/only
/reason /
a
/patient
/with
/Type /
2
/would
/NOT
/be
/on
/metformin
/would
/be
/for
/decreased
/renal
/function
/or /intolerance /of /adverse /effects /(GI /intolerance, /person /with /IBS, /and /lactic /acidosis)
, Patho
/of
/Type /
2
/DM /-
/correct
/answer(s) /✔✔ /Type /2 /DM: /circulating /insulin /is /sufficient /to /prevent /acidosis, /but /inadequate
/to /prevent /hyperglycemia. /Peripheral /insulin /receptors /don't /work /properly. /Beta /cell /initially
/tries
/to
/compensate
/and
/produces
/more
/insulin.
/So
/there
/is
/hyperinsulinemia
/and
/normoglycemia
/for
/an
/extended
/period
/of
/time.
/Eventually
/the
/beta
/cell
/fails
/and
/there
/is
/insufficient
/insulin
/so
549
/
Pharm
/
Final Exam Questions With Correct Answers
/ / / / / /
Dipeptidyl /peptidase-4 /(DPP4) /- /correct /answer(s) /✔✔ /the /hormone /that /breaks /GLP-
1 /down /into /its /inactive /form. /GLP-
1
/is
/the
/incretin
/hormone
/secreted
/by
/the
/small
/intestine
/that
/slows
/gastric
/emptying,
/suppresses
/glucagon
/secretion,
/enhances
/insulin /secretion, /enhances /beta /cell /proliferation, /and /decreases /beta /cell /apoptosis.
Glucagon /- /correct /answer(s) /✔✔ /the /hormone /of /fuel /catabolism—
it
/increases
/blood
/sugar
,/by
/stimulating /stored /glycogen /in /liver /to /glucose /so /it /can /be /released /into /the /blood /stream.
Incretin /Mimetics /- /correct /answer(s) /✔✔ /- /class /of /drugs /that /are /synthetic /GLP-
1. /So /does /all /of /the /things /that /GLP-1 /does /(stimulates /glucose-
dependent
/insulin
/secretion, /lowers /glucagon /concentrations /during /period /of /hyperglycemia, /inhibits /post-
prandial /glucagon /release, /slows /gastric /emptying /so /you /feel /full). /Reduces /HbA1c /by /1-
2%.
/Causes
/NAUSEA.
/Can
/also /lead /to /ENDOCRINE /MALIGNANCIES /and /PANCREATITIS. /You /need /a /functioning /beta /cell
/for /these /drugs.
Incretin /Mimetics /Drugs /- /correct /answer(s) /✔✔ /Liraglutide /(Victoza), /Exenatide /(Byetta)
DPP4 /Inhibitors /- /correct /answer(s) /✔✔ /-blocks /the /enzyme /that /degrades /GLP-
1, /so /you /have /an /enhanced /natural /GLP-
1 /(the /patient /must /be /capable /of /producing /his/her /own). /Same /adverse /effects—
ENDOCRINE /CANCERS, /PANCREATITIS, /GASTROPARESIS.
DPP4
/Inhibitors
/Drugs /-
/correct /answer(s) /✔✔ /Sitagliptin /(Januvia), /Saxagliptin /(Onglyza), /Linagliptin /(Tradjenta)
Metformin /-
/correct
/answer(s)
/✔✔ /-
/primary
,/mechanism
/of
/action
/is
/suppression
/of
/gluconeogenesis
/in
/liver.
/First
/drug
/of
/choice
/for
/Type /
2
/DM.
/The
/only
/reason /
a
/patient
/with
/Type /
2
/would
/NOT
/be
/on
/metformin
/would
/be
/for
/decreased
/renal
/function
/or /intolerance /of /adverse /effects /(GI /intolerance, /person /with /IBS, /and /lactic /acidosis)
, Patho
/of
/Type /
2
/DM /-
/correct
/answer(s) /✔✔ /Type /2 /DM: /circulating /insulin /is /sufficient /to /prevent /acidosis, /but /inadequate
/to /prevent /hyperglycemia. /Peripheral /insulin /receptors /don't /work /properly. /Beta /cell /initially
/tries
/to
/compensate
/and
/produces
/more
/insulin.
/So
/there
/is
/hyperinsulinemia
/and
/normoglycemia
/for
/an
/extended
/period
/of
/time.
/Eventually
/the
/beta
/cell
/fails
/and
/there
/is
/insufficient
/insulin
/so
