Summary Endocrine Physiology and Pathology: From Glands to Clinical Practice

Unlock the powerful world of hormones and discover how endocrine health shapes every aspect of human physiology and disease.Endocrine physiology explores how glands like the pituitary, thyroid, adrenal, pancreas, and gonads secrete hormones that regulate metabolism, growth, reproduction, and stress responses. Hormonal signaling involves feedback loops, receptor interactions, and complex pathways maintaining homeostasis. Pathology arises when hormone production or action is disrupted, causing conditions such as diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, adrenal insufficiency, and pituitary tumors. Clinical practice integrates hormone assays, imaging, and symptom assessment for diagnosis, while treatments include hormone replacement, surgery, and targeted therapies. Understanding endocrine systems bridges molecular mechanisms with patient care, highlighting the importance of precise regulation for health and disease management.