Chapter 6 Maternal Child Nursing Care
questions and 100% verified answers
2025/2026 version
Human genome - Answer Complete set of genetic instructions in the nucleus of each human cell.
Chromosomes - Answer Thread-like packages of genes and other DNA in the nucleus of the cell
Maternal Serum Screening - Answer Blood test used to see if a pregnant woman is at increased risk for
carrying fetus with neural tube defects, or chromosomal abnormalities like Downs, trisomy 18 or 13
Somatic cells - Answer Any cell of the body except sperm or egg cells
Most important findings from the Human Genome Project - Answer 1. All humans are 99.9% identical at
the DNA level
2. There are 20,500 genes in the human genome
Multiple marker screening - Answer Blood test that takes levels of AFP, hCG, estriol, and inhibin A,
combined with other factors to produce a probability of a fetus having an abnormality such as Downs or
spinabifida, etc. It's only a probability not a diagnosis.
Autosomes - Answer Chromosomes that control most traits in the body - 22 pairs in normal human
somatic (body) cells.
Sex chromosomes - Answer The 23rd pair of chromosomes that determines sex. Females are XX, males
are XY. Only the male can contribute the Y chromosome
Homologous chromosomes - Answer Chromosomes having the same number and location of genes. If
one has a gene for hair color, the other will have a gene for hair color located in the same place. The
genetic code may not be the same, but it will be in the same location.
, Alleles - Answer Genetic marker for different forms or variations of the same trait. (i.e. hair color -
brown, blonde, black, red, etc.)
Homozygous - Answer Having the same alleles for a given trait. (i.e. Both alleles for blonde hair)
Hererozygous - Answer Having different alleles for a given trait. (one allele for red hair, one for black)
Genotype - Answer The genetic makeup of a person for a given trait (or their entire genetic makeup)
Phenotype - Answer Observable expressions of a person's genotype. (physical features, traits, etc.)
Dominant traits - Answer Phenotype which is expressed when only one allele is present
Recessive traits - Answer Phenotype that requires both alleles to be present
Chromosomal Abnormalities - Answer Major cause of reproductive loss, congenital problems, and
gynecologic disorders. Incidence of abnormalities occur in 0.6% of newborns, 6% in still births, and 60%
in spontaneous abortions.
Karyotype - Answer Pictorial analysis of the number, form, and size of an individual's chromosomes.
Usually taken from WBCs and fetal cells in amniotic fluid. Can reveal abnormalities and sex.
Euploid cells - Answer Cells with the correct number of chromosomes. Gametes that have 1N and 23
chromosomes are considered euploid, as are somatic (body) cells that are diploid (2N, 46
chromosomes).
Polyploidy - Answer Chromosomal deviation where the number of chromosomes is a multiple of a
haploid cell (1N, 23 chr.)
I.E. Triploid cells have 3N and 69 chromosomes
questions and 100% verified answers
2025/2026 version
Human genome - Answer Complete set of genetic instructions in the nucleus of each human cell.
Chromosomes - Answer Thread-like packages of genes and other DNA in the nucleus of the cell
Maternal Serum Screening - Answer Blood test used to see if a pregnant woman is at increased risk for
carrying fetus with neural tube defects, or chromosomal abnormalities like Downs, trisomy 18 or 13
Somatic cells - Answer Any cell of the body except sperm or egg cells
Most important findings from the Human Genome Project - Answer 1. All humans are 99.9% identical at
the DNA level
2. There are 20,500 genes in the human genome
Multiple marker screening - Answer Blood test that takes levels of AFP, hCG, estriol, and inhibin A,
combined with other factors to produce a probability of a fetus having an abnormality such as Downs or
spinabifida, etc. It's only a probability not a diagnosis.
Autosomes - Answer Chromosomes that control most traits in the body - 22 pairs in normal human
somatic (body) cells.
Sex chromosomes - Answer The 23rd pair of chromosomes that determines sex. Females are XX, males
are XY. Only the male can contribute the Y chromosome
Homologous chromosomes - Answer Chromosomes having the same number and location of genes. If
one has a gene for hair color, the other will have a gene for hair color located in the same place. The
genetic code may not be the same, but it will be in the same location.
, Alleles - Answer Genetic marker for different forms or variations of the same trait. (i.e. hair color -
brown, blonde, black, red, etc.)
Homozygous - Answer Having the same alleles for a given trait. (i.e. Both alleles for blonde hair)
Hererozygous - Answer Having different alleles for a given trait. (one allele for red hair, one for black)
Genotype - Answer The genetic makeup of a person for a given trait (or their entire genetic makeup)
Phenotype - Answer Observable expressions of a person's genotype. (physical features, traits, etc.)
Dominant traits - Answer Phenotype which is expressed when only one allele is present
Recessive traits - Answer Phenotype that requires both alleles to be present
Chromosomal Abnormalities - Answer Major cause of reproductive loss, congenital problems, and
gynecologic disorders. Incidence of abnormalities occur in 0.6% of newborns, 6% in still births, and 60%
in spontaneous abortions.
Karyotype - Answer Pictorial analysis of the number, form, and size of an individual's chromosomes.
Usually taken from WBCs and fetal cells in amniotic fluid. Can reveal abnormalities and sex.
Euploid cells - Answer Cells with the correct number of chromosomes. Gametes that have 1N and 23
chromosomes are considered euploid, as are somatic (body) cells that are diploid (2N, 46
chromosomes).
Polyploidy - Answer Chromosomal deviation where the number of chromosomes is a multiple of a
haploid cell (1N, 23 chr.)
I.E. Triploid cells have 3N and 69 chromosomes
