NPS Test questions and 100% verified
answers updated version 2025/2026 (passing
score guarantee)
The neonatal/pediatric specialist attends a high-risk delivery in which the newborn's buttocks and lower
extremities present first. This fetal presentation is best referred to as - Answer Complete Breech
(correct)
Frank Breech only the buttocks
Incomplete Breech only lower legs
Transverse lie shoulder presents first
Protruding intestines contained within a translucent membrane or sac best describes which of the
following conditions? - Answer Omphalocele (correct)
Gastroschisis Lateral to the umbilical stump and the intestines are not in a sac
Myelomeningocele spina bifida: defect of the the central nervous system where a herniated sac contains
portions of the spinal column
DiGeorge Syndrome congenital defect on chromosome 22
Following a motor vehicle accident, an 11-year-old girl presents with a Glasgow Coma Scale of ten (10).
This would indicate - Answer Moderate Head injury (correct) 9-12
no head injury
mild head injury 13-15
,severe head injury 3-8
Which of the following should the neonatal/pediatric specialist suspect in a 1-year-old child with a
gradual onset of symptoms? - Answer Respiratory Syncytial Virus RSV (correct)
Foreign body aspiration
Asthma
Epiglottitis
Which of the following treatment options should the neonatal/pediatric specialist recommend for a
newborn with hyperbilirubinemia? - Answer Phototherapy, Vitamine E, Exchange transfusion
Which of the following procedures would be helpful to differentiate between Persistent Pulmonary
Hypertension of the Newborn (PPHN) and right-to-left shunting resulting from a congenital heart
defect? - Answer Hyperoxia-Hyperventilation Test (correct); infant placed on 100% O2 and manually
ventilate for 5 to 10 minutes watching for an improvement in PaO2. If the PaO2 rises above 100 torr
then the baby has PPHN. If the PaO2 does not improve the infant has a heart defect
Oxygen Challenge test; neonate placed on 100% oxygen, change in PaO2 is evaluated. In lung disease
the PaO2 will rise, little or no change shows shunting but we cant tell the difference between PPHN or
cardiac defects
Silverman-Anderson score; used to assess the severity of respiratory destress in neonates
Fiberoptic Transillumination; only for pneumothorax
During assessment of an infant's nutritional status, the neonatal/pediatric specialist notes that the
infant has a protruding belly with edematous face and limbs. This condition is best described as - Answer
Kwashiorkor (correct) sudden lack of proteins
, Potter Syndrome atypical appearance caused by pologo hydrannis
Scaphoid Syndrome diaphragmatic hernia
Marasmus extreme lack of calories and protein match stick arms and lack of muscle and fat
A feeding tube is inserted through the nose of a full-term newborn. When evaluating the post-
procedure x-ray, the neonatal/pediatric specialist notes that the tube is coiled in the newborn's
mediastinum. This would indicate a/an - Answer Esophageal atresia (correct) when the top and the
bottom of the esophagus have not grown together
Diaphragmatic hernia; the feeding tube would go past the mediastinum and go back up
tracheo-esophageal fistula; we would see it in the lungs
choanal atresia congenital blockage of the nasopharynx the feeding tube would not be able to pass
through.
Upon examination of the chest x-ray of a premature newborn receiving positive pressure ventilation, the
neonatal/pediatric specialist notes the presence of nodular, irregular bubbles radiating outward from
the hilum accompanied by linear lucencies and streaks. These findings are consistent with - Answer
Pulmonary interstitial emphysema (correct) air leaking into the tissue layers of the airways
Hyaline Membrane Disease; reticulogranular reticulologal ground glass or honeycomb pattern with air
bronchograms
Pneumopericardium; presence of air in the pericardial sac surrounding the heart
Pulmonary Edema; presence of fluid in the alveolar level butterfly batwing bilateral diffused infiltrates
Which of the following statements are TRUE regarding urine output for a full-term infant weighing 3 kg?
- Answer Urine output is related to circulation, perfusion and Normal is 1ml/kg/hr
answers updated version 2025/2026 (passing
score guarantee)
The neonatal/pediatric specialist attends a high-risk delivery in which the newborn's buttocks and lower
extremities present first. This fetal presentation is best referred to as - Answer Complete Breech
(correct)
Frank Breech only the buttocks
Incomplete Breech only lower legs
Transverse lie shoulder presents first
Protruding intestines contained within a translucent membrane or sac best describes which of the
following conditions? - Answer Omphalocele (correct)
Gastroschisis Lateral to the umbilical stump and the intestines are not in a sac
Myelomeningocele spina bifida: defect of the the central nervous system where a herniated sac contains
portions of the spinal column
DiGeorge Syndrome congenital defect on chromosome 22
Following a motor vehicle accident, an 11-year-old girl presents with a Glasgow Coma Scale of ten (10).
This would indicate - Answer Moderate Head injury (correct) 9-12
no head injury
mild head injury 13-15
,severe head injury 3-8
Which of the following should the neonatal/pediatric specialist suspect in a 1-year-old child with a
gradual onset of symptoms? - Answer Respiratory Syncytial Virus RSV (correct)
Foreign body aspiration
Asthma
Epiglottitis
Which of the following treatment options should the neonatal/pediatric specialist recommend for a
newborn with hyperbilirubinemia? - Answer Phototherapy, Vitamine E, Exchange transfusion
Which of the following procedures would be helpful to differentiate between Persistent Pulmonary
Hypertension of the Newborn (PPHN) and right-to-left shunting resulting from a congenital heart
defect? - Answer Hyperoxia-Hyperventilation Test (correct); infant placed on 100% O2 and manually
ventilate for 5 to 10 minutes watching for an improvement in PaO2. If the PaO2 rises above 100 torr
then the baby has PPHN. If the PaO2 does not improve the infant has a heart defect
Oxygen Challenge test; neonate placed on 100% oxygen, change in PaO2 is evaluated. In lung disease
the PaO2 will rise, little or no change shows shunting but we cant tell the difference between PPHN or
cardiac defects
Silverman-Anderson score; used to assess the severity of respiratory destress in neonates
Fiberoptic Transillumination; only for pneumothorax
During assessment of an infant's nutritional status, the neonatal/pediatric specialist notes that the
infant has a protruding belly with edematous face and limbs. This condition is best described as - Answer
Kwashiorkor (correct) sudden lack of proteins
, Potter Syndrome atypical appearance caused by pologo hydrannis
Scaphoid Syndrome diaphragmatic hernia
Marasmus extreme lack of calories and protein match stick arms and lack of muscle and fat
A feeding tube is inserted through the nose of a full-term newborn. When evaluating the post-
procedure x-ray, the neonatal/pediatric specialist notes that the tube is coiled in the newborn's
mediastinum. This would indicate a/an - Answer Esophageal atresia (correct) when the top and the
bottom of the esophagus have not grown together
Diaphragmatic hernia; the feeding tube would go past the mediastinum and go back up
tracheo-esophageal fistula; we would see it in the lungs
choanal atresia congenital blockage of the nasopharynx the feeding tube would not be able to pass
through.
Upon examination of the chest x-ray of a premature newborn receiving positive pressure ventilation, the
neonatal/pediatric specialist notes the presence of nodular, irregular bubbles radiating outward from
the hilum accompanied by linear lucencies and streaks. These findings are consistent with - Answer
Pulmonary interstitial emphysema (correct) air leaking into the tissue layers of the airways
Hyaline Membrane Disease; reticulogranular reticulologal ground glass or honeycomb pattern with air
bronchograms
Pneumopericardium; presence of air in the pericardial sac surrounding the heart
Pulmonary Edema; presence of fluid in the alveolar level butterfly batwing bilateral diffused infiltrates
Which of the following statements are TRUE regarding urine output for a full-term infant weighing 3 kg?
- Answer Urine output is related to circulation, perfusion and Normal is 1ml/kg/hr
