,
,
,
, Philosophies and Theories for Advanced Nursing Practice 4rd Edition Butts Test
Bank
Chapter 2 – The Evolution of Nursing Science
1. Historically, nursing preparation was referred to as “training,” and many nurses educated
through the 1970s still use this term to refer to their education. Why is this terminology
particularly problematic in light of the advances made in nursing science in the last 30 years?
A. On-the-job apprenticeships are no longer as prevalent as they were up through the late
1970s and early 1980s.
B. It places emphasis on nurses’ abilities to perform tasks rather than reason through and
understand the purpose of their actions.
C. Most modern nurses pursue Master’s level education beyond their practice-based
Bachelor’s education.
D. The last 30 years have seen nursing education move away from physician-taught courses
in hospitals to professor-taught courses at universities.
Ans: B
2. During the 1960s, why did nursing scholars heavily emphasize a focus on the theoretical
development of nursing as its own, independent discipline?
A. To support doctoral education for nurses that was discipline specific
B. To prove that the logical positivist approach was a poor fit for the discipline
C. To encourage and enhance the continued development of nursing science
D.
T E E
To promote research by nurses in all fields, not merely nursing science
R S
Ans: C
3. Which argument best supports the idea of nursing as a professional discipline rather than
an academic discipline?
A. “Nursing is an applied science. Its practice component places an emphasis on the
delivery of service by nurses rather than the development of academic knowledge.”
B. “Nursing is a discipline with unique substance. It borrows very little from other
disciplines and, as a result, is beyond the realm of most academic programs in the sciences
that acknowledge idea sharing across disciplines.”
C. “Nursing is a concept with a lengthy unofficial history. Individuals have been providing
nursing care to others since the Crusades, and this professional provision of services predates
formal education in the field.”
D. “Nursing is a relative newcomer to advanced education. For many years, nurses were
educated or trained only at a Bachelor’s level, and advanced practice therefore has its roots in
the profession itself rather than in academia.”
Ans: A
, Philosophies and Theories for Advanced Nursing Practice 4rd Edition Butts Test
Bank
4. Which statement best describes the role that logical positivism plays in modern
philosophical thought about nursing science and science in general?
A. It remains at the forefront of the understanding of science and dictates the ways in which
scientific research is performed.
B. It works in concert with humanistic philosophies of science, with the opposing ideologies
functioning as a system of philosophical checks and balances.
C. It no longer holds sway over the sciences, but its influence is so deeply ingrained in the
field that it continues to impact modern ideas about science.
D. It has been completely discredited by postmodern philosophers and is regarded as a
flawed relic of past scientific thinking.
Ans: C
5. During the 1960s and 1970s, the theory movement in nursing sought to “prove” that
nursing was a science by applying strict logical positivist philosophy to the discipline. Why
was this application problematic from a philosophical standpoint?
A. It placed too great an emphasis on the art of nursing and left itself open to criticism by the
postmodern school of philosophy.
B. It ignored the humanistic and social aspects of providing quality care and focused on the
hard science involved.
C. It took too long to develop and by the time it came to fruition the logical positivist
perspective had fallen out of fTavor with most scienEtific discipliE
nes. R S
D. It was later disproved by feminist philosophers who unequivocally demonstrated that the
logical positivist view was heavily biased against women and minorities.
Ans: B
6. Which statement most accurately encapsulates Thomas Kuhn’s proposed philosophy of
science?
A. Science philosophy should address both the conceptual and empirical problems of science
and serve as merely a problem-solving activity.
B. Science philosophy should focus on concept clarification and concept analysis based on
theory development and synthesis.
C. Science philosophy should resolve conceptual problems in science without being limited
to the development of theories.
D. Science philosophy should examine the process of science, rather than the product of
science, according to a disciplinary matrix known as a paradigm.
Ans: D
7. Which philosophy is not part of the larger philosophical tradition known as
postmodernism?
, Philosophies and Theories for Advanced Nursing Practice 4rd Edition Butts Test
Bank
A. Historicism
B. Hermeneutics
C. Critical social theory
D. Feminism
Ans: A
8. Which statement best describes the theoretical basis behind the postmodern understanding
of knowledge?
A. Knowledge is a series of classical “truths” that are colored by gender biases, and it gives
rise to the theory of masculine superiority.
B. Knowledge in any field is determined through the discovery of a universal truth, and that
truth is applicable to all questions that arise.
C. Knowledge and the knower are inseparable, and class and gender have significant
influence on what is considered knowledge.
D. Knowledge is developed through observation of the natural world, and can be best
applied to hard science.
Ans: C
9. A nurse who adopts a pluralistic view of nursing science would most likely perform
which action?
A. Follow the espoused values and overall worldview of the nursing discipline even it
conflicted with his or her personal beliefs
B. Utilize a problem-solving approach based on Laudan’s philosophy while applying the
latest disciplinary trends to his or her practice
C. Rely on research-proven nursing diagnoses and taxonomies and focus on universal, rather
than individual, trends observed in his or her patients
D. Draw upon a variety of perspectives from the many eras of nursing development to guide
his or her personal practice
Ans: D
10. The consensus statement crafted at the Knowledge Consensus Conference in Boston in
1998 addressed the following areas except:
A. The nature of the human person
B. The role of nursing theory
C. The nature of the nurse as an individual
D. The links of each area of understanding to nursing practice
Ans: C
11. In which area is there a need for increased attention?
WWW.NURSYLAB.COM
, Philosophies and Theories for Advanced Nursing Practice 4rd Edition Butts Test
Bank
A. Acceptance of pluralism
B. Linking feminism to modern trends
C. Increasing empirical orientation in conceptual work
D. Theory development
Ans: D
, Philosophies and Theories for Advanced Nursing Practice 4rd Edition Butts Test
Bank
Chapter 3 – The Essentials of the Doctor of Nursing Practice: A
Philosophical Perspective
1. How did the first nursing doctorate offered by Columbia University in 1924 differ from
the various practice-based degrees that were developed during the 1970s?
A. It was a PhD degree focused heavily on nursing theory rather than nursing practice.
B. It was practice-focused but did not have a well-defined curricula that was widely
accepted.
C. It was a nursing-related EdD degree intended to prepare nurses to teach at the college
level.
D. It was a PhD degree based in maternal-child nursing that emphasized the importance of
clinical research.
Ans: C
2. Which event or series of events led to the eventual replacement of the DNS degree by the
ND degree as the practice-focused nursing doctorate?
A. The shift in curricula from a practice focus to a theory focus that made the DNS similar to
a traditional PhD.
B. The introduction of the “nurse as social engineer” philosophy that created a rift between
academia and the AACN.
T
C. The failure to establish uniform curricula for the DNS that led to widely divergent
programs around the country.
D. The creation of the AACN task force to evaluate the current status of practice doctorates
in nursing.
Ans: A
3. Which aspect of the AACN’s Position Statement on the Practice Doctorate has impacted
nursing education the most?
A. The provision for the establishment of the University of Kentucky’s DNP program under
the direction of the AACN president.
B. The proposal of a curriculum model based on eight essentials of advanced nursing
practice.
C. The recommendation that the DNP become the terminal practice-focused degree for
nursing by 2015.
D. The requirement that all DNP, ND, and DNS programs seek accreditation by the AACN
in order to ensure uniform curricula.
Ans: C
4. Which documents outline the curriculum standards for all DNP programs?
WWW.NURSYLAB.COM
, Philosophies and Theories for Advanced Nursing Practice 4rd Edition Butts Test
Bank
A. Essentials of Doctoral Education for Advanced Nursing Practice and Position Statement
on the Practice Doctorate
B. Essentials of Doctoral Education for Advanced Nursing Practice and Practice Doctorate
Nurse Practitioner Entry-Level Competencies
C. Position Statement on the Practice Doctorate and Practice Doctorate Nurse Practitioner
Entry-Level Competencies
D. Practice Doctorate Nurse Practitioner Entry-Level Competencies and Middle-Range
Theory in Principle and Practice
Ans: B
5. Which “essential” is primarily concerned with the scientific foundations of nursing
practice?
A. Essential I
B. Essential III
C. Essential IV
D. Essential VI
Ans: A
6. How does Essential V pertain to advanced practice nurses?
A. Interprofessional collaborTation in a multitieredEhealthcare eEnvironment R S
B. Evaluation, integration, translation, and application of evidence-based practice
C. Analysis of environmental data in the evaluation of population health
D. Involvement in healthcare policy and advocacy
Ans: D
7. Essential II describes preparation of the DNP nurse in organizational and systems
leadership. Which two other Essentials involve utilization of the leadership concepts
presented in Essential II?
A. Essential III and Essential IV
B. Essential III and Essential V
C. Essential V and Essential VI
D. Essential V and Essential VIII
Ans: C
8. How is focusing on the scientific underpinnings of nursing practice paradoxical in terms
of discipline development?
A. It requires practitioners to adopt practice values of other disciplines rather than the unique
knowledge of their specialty.
,
,
, Philosophies and Theories for Advanced Nursing Practice 4rd Edition Butts Test
Bank
Chapter 2 – The Evolution of Nursing Science
1. Historically, nursing preparation was referred to as “training,” and many nurses educated
through the 1970s still use this term to refer to their education. Why is this terminology
particularly problematic in light of the advances made in nursing science in the last 30 years?
A. On-the-job apprenticeships are no longer as prevalent as they were up through the late
1970s and early 1980s.
B. It places emphasis on nurses’ abilities to perform tasks rather than reason through and
understand the purpose of their actions.
C. Most modern nurses pursue Master’s level education beyond their practice-based
Bachelor’s education.
D. The last 30 years have seen nursing education move away from physician-taught courses
in hospitals to professor-taught courses at universities.
Ans: B
2. During the 1960s, why did nursing scholars heavily emphasize a focus on the theoretical
development of nursing as its own, independent discipline?
A. To support doctoral education for nurses that was discipline specific
B. To prove that the logical positivist approach was a poor fit for the discipline
C. To encourage and enhance the continued development of nursing science
D.
T E E
To promote research by nurses in all fields, not merely nursing science
R S
Ans: C
3. Which argument best supports the idea of nursing as a professional discipline rather than
an academic discipline?
A. “Nursing is an applied science. Its practice component places an emphasis on the
delivery of service by nurses rather than the development of academic knowledge.”
B. “Nursing is a discipline with unique substance. It borrows very little from other
disciplines and, as a result, is beyond the realm of most academic programs in the sciences
that acknowledge idea sharing across disciplines.”
C. “Nursing is a concept with a lengthy unofficial history. Individuals have been providing
nursing care to others since the Crusades, and this professional provision of services predates
formal education in the field.”
D. “Nursing is a relative newcomer to advanced education. For many years, nurses were
educated or trained only at a Bachelor’s level, and advanced practice therefore has its roots in
the profession itself rather than in academia.”
Ans: A
, Philosophies and Theories for Advanced Nursing Practice 4rd Edition Butts Test
Bank
4. Which statement best describes the role that logical positivism plays in modern
philosophical thought about nursing science and science in general?
A. It remains at the forefront of the understanding of science and dictates the ways in which
scientific research is performed.
B. It works in concert with humanistic philosophies of science, with the opposing ideologies
functioning as a system of philosophical checks and balances.
C. It no longer holds sway over the sciences, but its influence is so deeply ingrained in the
field that it continues to impact modern ideas about science.
D. It has been completely discredited by postmodern philosophers and is regarded as a
flawed relic of past scientific thinking.
Ans: C
5. During the 1960s and 1970s, the theory movement in nursing sought to “prove” that
nursing was a science by applying strict logical positivist philosophy to the discipline. Why
was this application problematic from a philosophical standpoint?
A. It placed too great an emphasis on the art of nursing and left itself open to criticism by the
postmodern school of philosophy.
B. It ignored the humanistic and social aspects of providing quality care and focused on the
hard science involved.
C. It took too long to develop and by the time it came to fruition the logical positivist
perspective had fallen out of fTavor with most scienEtific discipliE
nes. R S
D. It was later disproved by feminist philosophers who unequivocally demonstrated that the
logical positivist view was heavily biased against women and minorities.
Ans: B
6. Which statement most accurately encapsulates Thomas Kuhn’s proposed philosophy of
science?
A. Science philosophy should address both the conceptual and empirical problems of science
and serve as merely a problem-solving activity.
B. Science philosophy should focus on concept clarification and concept analysis based on
theory development and synthesis.
C. Science philosophy should resolve conceptual problems in science without being limited
to the development of theories.
D. Science philosophy should examine the process of science, rather than the product of
science, according to a disciplinary matrix known as a paradigm.
Ans: D
7. Which philosophy is not part of the larger philosophical tradition known as
postmodernism?
, Philosophies and Theories for Advanced Nursing Practice 4rd Edition Butts Test
Bank
A. Historicism
B. Hermeneutics
C. Critical social theory
D. Feminism
Ans: A
8. Which statement best describes the theoretical basis behind the postmodern understanding
of knowledge?
A. Knowledge is a series of classical “truths” that are colored by gender biases, and it gives
rise to the theory of masculine superiority.
B. Knowledge in any field is determined through the discovery of a universal truth, and that
truth is applicable to all questions that arise.
C. Knowledge and the knower are inseparable, and class and gender have significant
influence on what is considered knowledge.
D. Knowledge is developed through observation of the natural world, and can be best
applied to hard science.
Ans: C
9. A nurse who adopts a pluralistic view of nursing science would most likely perform
which action?
A. Follow the espoused values and overall worldview of the nursing discipline even it
conflicted with his or her personal beliefs
B. Utilize a problem-solving approach based on Laudan’s philosophy while applying the
latest disciplinary trends to his or her practice
C. Rely on research-proven nursing diagnoses and taxonomies and focus on universal, rather
than individual, trends observed in his or her patients
D. Draw upon a variety of perspectives from the many eras of nursing development to guide
his or her personal practice
Ans: D
10. The consensus statement crafted at the Knowledge Consensus Conference in Boston in
1998 addressed the following areas except:
A. The nature of the human person
B. The role of nursing theory
C. The nature of the nurse as an individual
D. The links of each area of understanding to nursing practice
Ans: C
11. In which area is there a need for increased attention?
WWW.NURSYLAB.COM
, Philosophies and Theories for Advanced Nursing Practice 4rd Edition Butts Test
Bank
A. Acceptance of pluralism
B. Linking feminism to modern trends
C. Increasing empirical orientation in conceptual work
D. Theory development
Ans: D
, Philosophies and Theories for Advanced Nursing Practice 4rd Edition Butts Test
Bank
Chapter 3 – The Essentials of the Doctor of Nursing Practice: A
Philosophical Perspective
1. How did the first nursing doctorate offered by Columbia University in 1924 differ from
the various practice-based degrees that were developed during the 1970s?
A. It was a PhD degree focused heavily on nursing theory rather than nursing practice.
B. It was practice-focused but did not have a well-defined curricula that was widely
accepted.
C. It was a nursing-related EdD degree intended to prepare nurses to teach at the college
level.
D. It was a PhD degree based in maternal-child nursing that emphasized the importance of
clinical research.
Ans: C
2. Which event or series of events led to the eventual replacement of the DNS degree by the
ND degree as the practice-focused nursing doctorate?
A. The shift in curricula from a practice focus to a theory focus that made the DNS similar to
a traditional PhD.
B. The introduction of the “nurse as social engineer” philosophy that created a rift between
academia and the AACN.
T
C. The failure to establish uniform curricula for the DNS that led to widely divergent
programs around the country.
D. The creation of the AACN task force to evaluate the current status of practice doctorates
in nursing.
Ans: A
3. Which aspect of the AACN’s Position Statement on the Practice Doctorate has impacted
nursing education the most?
A. The provision for the establishment of the University of Kentucky’s DNP program under
the direction of the AACN president.
B. The proposal of a curriculum model based on eight essentials of advanced nursing
practice.
C. The recommendation that the DNP become the terminal practice-focused degree for
nursing by 2015.
D. The requirement that all DNP, ND, and DNS programs seek accreditation by the AACN
in order to ensure uniform curricula.
Ans: C
4. Which documents outline the curriculum standards for all DNP programs?
WWW.NURSYLAB.COM
, Philosophies and Theories for Advanced Nursing Practice 4rd Edition Butts Test
Bank
A. Essentials of Doctoral Education for Advanced Nursing Practice and Position Statement
on the Practice Doctorate
B. Essentials of Doctoral Education for Advanced Nursing Practice and Practice Doctorate
Nurse Practitioner Entry-Level Competencies
C. Position Statement on the Practice Doctorate and Practice Doctorate Nurse Practitioner
Entry-Level Competencies
D. Practice Doctorate Nurse Practitioner Entry-Level Competencies and Middle-Range
Theory in Principle and Practice
Ans: B
5. Which “essential” is primarily concerned with the scientific foundations of nursing
practice?
A. Essential I
B. Essential III
C. Essential IV
D. Essential VI
Ans: A
6. How does Essential V pertain to advanced practice nurses?
A. Interprofessional collaborTation in a multitieredEhealthcare eEnvironment R S
B. Evaluation, integration, translation, and application of evidence-based practice
C. Analysis of environmental data in the evaluation of population health
D. Involvement in healthcare policy and advocacy
Ans: D
7. Essential II describes preparation of the DNP nurse in organizational and systems
leadership. Which two other Essentials involve utilization of the leadership concepts
presented in Essential II?
A. Essential III and Essential IV
B. Essential III and Essential V
C. Essential V and Essential VI
D. Essential V and Essential VIII
Ans: C
8. How is focusing on the scientific underpinnings of nursing practice paradoxical in terms
of discipline development?
A. It requires practitioners to adopt practice values of other disciplines rather than the unique
knowledge of their specialty.
