Nutrition Midterm ( Chapter 1-4)
QUESTIONS AND 100% VERIFIED
ANSWERS (2025)
Absorption
- answer-process of taking substances into the interior of the body
Bolus
- answer-A term used to describe food after it has been chewed and mixed with saliva
Carbohydrate
- answer-compound made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms; major source of
energy for the human body
includes starch and sugars
Cardiovascular/ Circulatory System
- answer-What it Includes: heart and blood vessels
What it does: transport blood, which carries oxygen, nutrients, and wastes
Categories of Nutrients
- answer-They can be categorized in two ways
1.) macronnutrient- nutrient required in relatively high amounts (carbohydrates, lipids,
proteins)
micronutrients- nutrients that are required in smaller amounts
2.) Organic nutrient- nutrients that contain carbon
(carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, vitamins)
Inorganic nutrient-nutrients that do not contain carbon
(minerals and water)
Chyme
- answer-mixture of food and gastric secretions found in the stomach
Composition of the Human Body
- answer-62% water, 16% protein, 16% fat, 6% minerals, carbs, and other substances
Daily Value
- answer-amount of a nutrient in food as a percentage of recommendation for 2,000 kcal
diet
general rule: if a DV is lower than 5%, then its low in that nutrient. If the percentage is
greater than 20%, then the food is high in that nutrient.
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, DASH diet
- answer-focuses on low sodium
Digestion
- answer-process of breaking down food into components that are samall enough to be
absorbed by the body
Digestive System
- answer-What it includes: mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small and large
intestines, pancreas, liver, and gallbladder
What it does: ingests and digests food; absorbs nutrients into the blood; eliminates
unabsorbed food residue
DRI's for energy and macronutrients:
- answer-Estimated Energy Requirement(EER) and Acceptable Macronutrient
Distribution Range(AMDR)
DRI's for most nutrients:
- answer-Estimated Average Requirement(EAR), Recommended Dietary
Allowance(RDA), Adequate Intake (AI), and Tolerable Upper Intake Level(UL)
Endocrine System
- answer-What it includes: Pituitary, adrenal, thyroid, pancreas, and other ductless
glands
What it does: secretes hormones that regulate processes such as growth, reproduction,
and nutrient use
Energy Value for the Energy Nutrients( carbohydrates, fat, protein)
- answer-Carbo= 4 kcal/g
Fat= 9 kcal/g
Protein= 4 kcal/g
Enriched foods
- answer-adding nutrients back into food once when they were taken away in the milling
process
Esophagus
- answer-transport tube from mouth to stomach
-"bolus" of food is propelled via peristalsis
-no digestive enzymes in the esophagus
-junction of esophagus+ stomach is guarded by sphincter muscle
(keeps the stomach contents from reflexing in the esophagus)
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QUESTIONS AND 100% VERIFIED
ANSWERS (2025)
Absorption
- answer-process of taking substances into the interior of the body
Bolus
- answer-A term used to describe food after it has been chewed and mixed with saliva
Carbohydrate
- answer-compound made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms; major source of
energy for the human body
includes starch and sugars
Cardiovascular/ Circulatory System
- answer-What it Includes: heart and blood vessels
What it does: transport blood, which carries oxygen, nutrients, and wastes
Categories of Nutrients
- answer-They can be categorized in two ways
1.) macronnutrient- nutrient required in relatively high amounts (carbohydrates, lipids,
proteins)
micronutrients- nutrients that are required in smaller amounts
2.) Organic nutrient- nutrients that contain carbon
(carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, vitamins)
Inorganic nutrient-nutrients that do not contain carbon
(minerals and water)
Chyme
- answer-mixture of food and gastric secretions found in the stomach
Composition of the Human Body
- answer-62% water, 16% protein, 16% fat, 6% minerals, carbs, and other substances
Daily Value
- answer-amount of a nutrient in food as a percentage of recommendation for 2,000 kcal
diet
general rule: if a DV is lower than 5%, then its low in that nutrient. If the percentage is
greater than 20%, then the food is high in that nutrient.
Found this helpful? please leave a ⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️on Stuvia, your review is my motivation, and success in your exam
, DASH diet
- answer-focuses on low sodium
Digestion
- answer-process of breaking down food into components that are samall enough to be
absorbed by the body
Digestive System
- answer-What it includes: mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small and large
intestines, pancreas, liver, and gallbladder
What it does: ingests and digests food; absorbs nutrients into the blood; eliminates
unabsorbed food residue
DRI's for energy and macronutrients:
- answer-Estimated Energy Requirement(EER) and Acceptable Macronutrient
Distribution Range(AMDR)
DRI's for most nutrients:
- answer-Estimated Average Requirement(EAR), Recommended Dietary
Allowance(RDA), Adequate Intake (AI), and Tolerable Upper Intake Level(UL)
Endocrine System
- answer-What it includes: Pituitary, adrenal, thyroid, pancreas, and other ductless
glands
What it does: secretes hormones that regulate processes such as growth, reproduction,
and nutrient use
Energy Value for the Energy Nutrients( carbohydrates, fat, protein)
- answer-Carbo= 4 kcal/g
Fat= 9 kcal/g
Protein= 4 kcal/g
Enriched foods
- answer-adding nutrients back into food once when they were taken away in the milling
process
Esophagus
- answer-transport tube from mouth to stomach
-"bolus" of food is propelled via peristalsis
-no digestive enzymes in the esophagus
-junction of esophagus+ stomach is guarded by sphincter muscle
(keeps the stomach contents from reflexing in the esophagus)
Found this helpful? please leave a ⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️on Stuvia, your review is my motivation, and success in your exam
