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Why is hydrogen bonding important? - CORRECT ANSWER-reason why ice is less dense than
water
reason for relatively high boiling point of water
responsible for the double helix of DNA
What are the factors determining the shape of a molecule? [3] - CORRECT ANSWER-- Total
number of electron pairs around a central atom
- Number of bonding pairs of electrons
- Number of lone pairs of electrons
,Why do lone pairs have a greater repulsive effect on other pairs of electrons? [1] - CORRECT
ANSWER-Held closer to the central atom.
Define Relative Atomic Mass (Ar) [1] - CORRECT ANSWER-the average mass of an element÷
1/12th the mass of a C12 atom
Define Relative Molecular/Formula Mass (Mr) [1] - CORRECT ANSWER-Average mass of one
molecule ÷ 1/12th the mass of a C12 atom
What is meant by the Avogadro constant? [1] - CORRECT ANSWER-The number of atoms in
12g of carbon.
Give the formula for moles. [1] - CORRECT ANSWER-moles= mass÷Mr
Give the formula for concentration in mol/dm³ [1] - CORRECT ANSWER-concentration =
moles÷volume
State the Ideal Gas Equation, what each symbol represents and the units for each symbol. [9] -
CORRECT ANSWER-PV= nRT
where...
P= Pressure measured in Pa
V= Volume measured in m³
n= number of moles
R= The molar gas constant- 8.31JK^-1mol^-1
T= Temperatures measured in K
Define Empirical Formula [1] - CORRECT ANSWER-The simplest whole-number ratio of atoms
of each element in a compound.
, Define Molecular Formula [1] - CORRECT ANSWER-The actual number of atoms of each
element in a compound.
What are the four state symbols? [4] - CORRECT ANSWER-Solid (s), liquid (l), gas (g), aqueous
solution (aq)
Describe how to perform a titration. [5] - CORRECT ANSWER-1. Fill a burette with the acid of
known concentration,
2. Accurately measure 25cm³ of the alkali solution using a pipette and transfer it to a conical flask.
3. Add a few drops of a suitable indicator to the alkali. eg phenolphthalein.
4. Slowly add the acid from the burette into the conical flask, swirling constantly. As soon as the
indicator changes colour the solution has turned neutral so stop adding the acid.
5. Record the volume of acid added.
6. Repeat the process until you achieve concordant results. The mean of these results is used to
calculate the average titre.
State the formula for percentage atom economy. [1] - CORRECT ANSWER-
State the formula for percentage yield. [1] - CORRECT ANSWER-
Describe how to make up a standard solution [7] - CORRECT ANSWER-1. Weigh the sample
bottle containing the solid on a balance.
2. Transfer solid to a beaker and reweigh the sample bottle.
3. Record the difference in mass.
4. Add distilled water and stir with a glass rod until the solid has dissolved.
5. Transfer to a volumetric flask with washings.
6. Makeup to the 250cm³ mark with distilled water.
7. Shake flask.