,
,
,
, DIF: Remembering OBJ: 1.1 TOP: Assessment
MSC: NCLEX Client Needs Category: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
NOT: Concepts: Care Coordination
8. The nurse is caring for a patient who refuses two units of packed red blood cells. When the
nurse notifies the health care provider of the patient’s decision, the nurse is acting in which
role?
a. Manager
b. Change agent
c. Advocate
d. Educator
ANS: C
As the patient’s advocate, the nurse interprets information and provides the necessary
education. The nurse then accepts and respects the patient’s decisions even if they are
different from the nurse’s own beliefs. The nurse supports the patient’s wishes and
communicates them to other health care providers. A nurse manages all of the activities and
treatments for patients. In the role of change agent, the nurse works with patients to address
their health concerns and with staff members to address change in an organization or within a
community. The nurse ensures that the patient receives sufficient information on which to
base consent for care and related treatment. Education becomes a major focus of discharge
planning so that patients will be prepared to handle their own needs at home.
DIF: Applying OBJ: 1.2 TOP: Implementation
MSC: NCLEX Client Needs Category: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
NOT: Concepts: Care Coordination
9. The nursing student develops a plan of care based on a recently published article describing
the effects of bed rest on a patient’s calcium blood levels. When creating the plan of care, the
nursing student has the obligation to consider which action?
a. Critically appraise the evidence and determine validity.
b. Ensure that the plan of care does not alter current practice.
c. Change the process even when there is no problem identified.
d. Maintain the plan of care regardless of initial outcome.
ANS: A
Evidence-based practice (EBP) is an integration of the best-available research evidence with
clinical judgment about a specific patient situation. The nurse assesses current and past
research, clinical guidelines, and other resources to identify relevant literature. The application
of EBP includes critically appraising the evidence to assess its validity, designing a change for
practice, assessing the need for change and identifying a problem, and integrating and
maintaining change while monitoring process and outcomes by reevaluating the application of
evidence and assessing areas for improvement.
DIF: Applying OBJ: 1.2 TOP: Implementation
MSC: NCLEX Client Needs Category: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
NOT: Concepts: Care Coordination
,10. The nurse is delegating frequent blood pressure (BP) measurements for a patient admitted
with a gunshot wound to a licensed practical nurse (LPN). When delegating, the nurse
understands which fact?
a. He/she may assume that the LPN is able to perform this task appropriately.
b. The LPN is ultimately responsible for the patient findings and assessment.
c. The LPN may perform the tasks assigned without further supervision.
d. He/she retains ultimate responsibility for patient care and supervision is needed.
ANS: D
The RN retains ultimate responsibility for patient care, which requires supervision of those to
whom patient care is delegated. In the process of collaboration, the nurse delegates certain
activities to other health care personnel. The RN needs to know the scope of practice or
capabilities of each health care member for delegation to be effective and safe.
DIF: Understanding OBJ: 1.2 TOP: Implementation
MSC: NCLEX Client Needs Category: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
NOT: Concepts: Care Coordination
11. The nurse is preparing to discharge a patient admitted with fever of unknown origin. The
patient states, “I never got past the fifth grade in school. Don’t read much. Never saw much
sense in it. But I do OK. I can read most stuff. But my doctor explains things good and
doesn’t think that my sickness is serious.” Considering this patient response, what action
should the nurse carry out?
a. Provide discharge medication information from a professional source to provide
the most information.
b. Expect that the patient may return to the hospital if the discharge process is poorly
done.
c. Assume that the physician and the patient have a good rapport and that the
physician will clarify everything.
d. Defer offering the patient the opportunity to sign up for wellness classes due to the
low literacy rate.
ANS: B
Low health literacy is associated with increased hospitalization, greater emergency care use,
lower use of mammography, and lower receipt of influenza vaccine. A goal of patient
education by the nurse is to inform patients and deliver information that is understandable by
examining their level of health literacy. The more understandable health information is for
patients, the closer the care is coordinated with need.
DIF: Applying OBJ: 1.2 TOP: Implementation
MSC: NCLEX Client Needs Category: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
NOT: Concepts: Health Promotion
12. A nurse is caring for a patient who lost a large amount of blood during childbirth. The nurse
provides the opportunity for the patient to maintain her activity level while providing adequate
periods of rest and encouragement. Which nursing theory would the nurse most likely choose
as a framework for addressing the fatigue associated with the low blood count?
a. Watson Human Caring Theory
b. Parse’s Theory of Human Becoming
c. Roy’s Adaptation Model
d. Rogers’ Science of Unitary Human Beings
, ANS: C
Roy’s Adaptation Model is based on the human being as an adaptive open system. The person
adapts by meeting physiologic-physical needs, developing a positive self-concept–group
identity, performing social role functions, and balancing dependence and independence.
Stressors result in illness by disrupting the equilibrium. Nursing care is directed at altering
stimuli that are stressors to the patient. The nurse helps patients strengthen their abilities to
adapt to their illnesses or helps them to develop adaptive behaviors. Watson’s theory is based
on caring, with nurses dedicated to health and healing. The nurse functions to preserve the
dignity and wholeness of humans in health or while peacefully dying. Parse’s theory is called
the Human Becoming School of Thought. Parse formulated the Theory of Human Becoming
by combining concepts from Martha Rogers’ Science of Unitary Human Beings with
existential-phenomenologic thought. This theory looks at the person as a constantly changing
being, and at nursing as a human science. Martha Rogers (1970) developed the Science of
Unitary Human Beings. She stated that human beings and their environments are interacting
in continuous motion as infinite energy fields.
DIF: Applying OBJ: 1.4 TOP: Implementation
MSC: NCLEX Client Needs Category: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
NOT: Concepts: Care Coordination
13. The nurse recognizes which nursing theorist who described the relationship between the nurse
and the patient as an interpersonal and therapeutic process?
a. Virginia Henderson
b. Betty Neuman
c. Imogene King
d. Hildegard Peplau
ANS: D
Hildegard Peplau focused on the roles played by the nurse and the interpersonal process
between a nurse and a patient. The interpersonal process occurs in overlapping phases: (1)
orientation, (2) working, consisting of two subphases: identification and exploitation, and (3)
resolution. Betty Neuman’s Systems Model includes a holistic concept and an open-system
approach. The model identifies energy resources that provide for basic survival, with lines of
resistance that are activated when a stressor invades the system. Virginia Henderson described
the nurse’s role as substitutive (doing for the person), supplementary (helping the person), or
complementary (working with the person), with the ultimate goal of independence for the
patient. Imogene King developed a general systems framework that incorporates three levels
of systems: (1) individual or personal, (2) group or interpersonal, and (3) society or social.
The theory of goal attainment discusses the importance of interaction, perception,
communication, transaction, self, role, stress, growth and development, time, and personal
space. In this theory, both the nurse and the patient work together to achieve the goals in the
continuous adjustment to stressors.
DIF: Remembering OBJ: 1.4 TOP: Assessment
MSC: NCLEX Client Needs Category: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation
NOT: Concepts: Health Promotion
14. When a nursing class volunteers to serve hot meals at a local homeless shelter on a Saturday
afternoon, which term identifies this focus on serving the community?
a. Altruism
, b. Accountability
c. Autonomy
d. Advocate
ANS: A
A profession provides services needed by society. Additionally, practitioners’ motivation is
public service over personal gain (altruism). Service to the public requires intellectual
activities, which include responsibility. This accountability has legal, ethical, and professional
implications. Members of a profession have autonomy in decision making and practice and
are self-regulating in that they develop their own policies in collaboration with one another.
As the patient’s advocate, the nurse interprets information and provides the necessary
education. The nurse then accepts and respects the patient’s decisions even if they are
different from the nurse’s own beliefs.
DIF: Understanding OBJ: 1.6 TOP: Assessment
MSC: NCLEX Client Needs Category: Health Promotion and Maintenance
NOT: Concepts: Health Promotion
15. A patient is being discharged from the hospital with wound care dressing changes. The nurse
recommends a referral for home health nursing care. The nurse is using which standard of
practice?
a. Assessment
b. Diagnosis
c. Planning
d. Implementation
ANS: C
As a care provider, the nurse follows the nursing process to assess patient data, prioritize
Nursing diagnoses, plan the care of the patient, implement the appropriate interventions, and
evaluate care in an ongoing cycle. In recommending a referral, the nurse is, in effect, planning
care.
DIF: Applying OBJ: 1.2 TOP: Planning
MSC: NCLEX Client Needs Category: Physiological Integrity: Basic Care and Comfort
NOT: Concepts: Care Coordination
16. The nurse administers a medication to the patient and then realizes that the medication had
been discontinued. The error is immediately reported to the physician. The nurse recognizes
which term that identifies complying with the standards of professional performance?
a. Ethics
b. Socialization
c. Altruism
d. Autonomy
ANS: A
, Guiding the nurse’s professional practice are ethical behaviors. Ethics is the standards of right
and wrong behavior. The main concepts in nursing ethics are accountability, advocacy,
autonomy (be independent and self-motivated), beneficence (act in the best interest of the
patient), confidentiality, fidelity (keep promises), justice (relate to others with fairness and
equality), nonmaleficence (do no harm), responsibility, and veracity (be truthful). Ethical
guidelines direct the nurse’s decision making in routine situations and in ethical dilemmas.
Socialization to professional nursing is a process that involves learning the theory and skills
necessary for the role of nurse. A profession provides services needed by society.
Additionally, practitioners’ motivation is public service over personal gain (altruism).
Members of a profession have autonomy in decision making and practice and are
self-regulating in that they develop their own policies in collaboration with one another.
DIF: Applying OBJ: 1.6 TOP: Implementation
MSC: NCLEX Client Needs Category: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Safety and Infection
Control NOT: Concepts: Ethics
17. A newly licensed registered nurse is curious about the scope of care that he or she has in
caring for patients undergoing conscious sedation. Which would be the best source of
information for this nurse?
a. National Student Nurses Association
b. Nurse Practice Act
c. ANA Standards of Professional Performance
d. National League for Nursing
ANS: B
Nurse practice acts provide the scope of practice defined by each state or jurisdiction and set
forth the legal limits of nursing practice. Nursing organizations enable the nurse to have
access to current information and resources as well as a voice in the profession. Nursing
organizations include the ANA, the NLN, the ICN, Sigma Theta Tau International Honor
Society of Nursing, and the National Student Nurses Association (NSNA).
DIF: Remembering OBJ: 1.7 TOP: Assessment
MSC: NCLEX Client Needs Category: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
NOT: Concepts: Health Care Law
18. The nursing student is writing a paper about the direct patient care role of advanced practice
nurses. Which advanced practice role would the student include in the report?
a. Nurse Administrator
b. Clinical Nurse Leader
c. Clinical Nurse Specialist
d. Nurse Educator
ANS: C
There are four specialties in which nurses provide direct patient care in advanced practice
roles: certified nurse midwife (CNM), nurse practitioner (NP), clinical nurse specialist (CNS),
and certified registered nurse anesthetist (CRNA). Four additional advanced practice roles that
do not always involve direct patient care are clinical nurse leader (CNL), nurse educator,
nurse researcher, and nurse administrator.
DIF: Remembering OBJ: 1.9 TOP: Assessment
MSC: NCLEX Client Needs Category: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
, NOT: Concepts: Health Care Law
19. The nurse is determining the patient care assignments for a nursing unit. The nurse knows
which responsibility may be delegated to the licensed practical nurse?
a. Initiating the nursing care plans
b. Formulating Nursing diagnoses
c. Assessing a newly admitted patient
d. Administering oral medications
ANS: D
LPNs, or LVNs in California and Texas, are not RNs. They complete an educational program
consisting of 12 to 18 months of training, and then they must pass the National Council
Licensure Examination for Practical Nurses (NCLEX-PN) to practice as an LPN/LVN. They
are under the supervision of an RN in most institutions and are able to collect data but cannot
perform an assessment requiring decision making, cannot formulate a Nursing diagnosis, and
cannot initiate a care plan. They may update care plans and administer medications except for
certain IV medications.
DIF: Applying OBJ: 1.9 TOP: Implementation
MSC: NCLEX Client Needs Category: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
NOT: Concepts: Health Care Law
20. The nursing student is taking a class in Nursing Research. In class the student has learned
which term that identifies the most abstract level of knowledge?
a. Metaparadigm
b. Philosophy
c. Conceptual framework
d. Nursing theory
ANS: A
A metaparadigm, as the most abstract level of knowledge, is defined as a global set of
concepts that identify and describe the central phenomena of the discipline and explain the
relationship between those concepts. For example, the metaparadigm for nursing focuses on
the concepts of person, environment, health, and nursing. The next level of knowledge is a
philosophy, which is a statement about the beliefs and values of nursing in relation to a
specific phenomenon such as health. The third level of knowledge is a nursing conceptual
framework, or model, which is a collection of interrelated concepts that provides direction for
nursing practice, research, and education. The fourth level of nursing knowledge is a nursing
theory, which represents a group of concepts that can be tested in practice and can be derived
from a conceptual model.
DIF: Remembering OBJ: 1.4 TOP: Assessment
MSC: NCLEX Client Needs Category: Health Promotion and Maintenance
NOT: Concepts: Professionalism
MULTIPLE RESPONSE
1. The nurse recognizes which statements contribute to the understanding that nursing is
considered a profession? (Select all that apply.)
a. Nursing requires specialized training.
b. Nursing has a specialized body of knowledge.
,
,
, DIF: Remembering OBJ: 1.1 TOP: Assessment
MSC: NCLEX Client Needs Category: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
NOT: Concepts: Care Coordination
8. The nurse is caring for a patient who refuses two units of packed red blood cells. When the
nurse notifies the health care provider of the patient’s decision, the nurse is acting in which
role?
a. Manager
b. Change agent
c. Advocate
d. Educator
ANS: C
As the patient’s advocate, the nurse interprets information and provides the necessary
education. The nurse then accepts and respects the patient’s decisions even if they are
different from the nurse’s own beliefs. The nurse supports the patient’s wishes and
communicates them to other health care providers. A nurse manages all of the activities and
treatments for patients. In the role of change agent, the nurse works with patients to address
their health concerns and with staff members to address change in an organization or within a
community. The nurse ensures that the patient receives sufficient information on which to
base consent for care and related treatment. Education becomes a major focus of discharge
planning so that patients will be prepared to handle their own needs at home.
DIF: Applying OBJ: 1.2 TOP: Implementation
MSC: NCLEX Client Needs Category: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
NOT: Concepts: Care Coordination
9. The nursing student develops a plan of care based on a recently published article describing
the effects of bed rest on a patient’s calcium blood levels. When creating the plan of care, the
nursing student has the obligation to consider which action?
a. Critically appraise the evidence and determine validity.
b. Ensure that the plan of care does not alter current practice.
c. Change the process even when there is no problem identified.
d. Maintain the plan of care regardless of initial outcome.
ANS: A
Evidence-based practice (EBP) is an integration of the best-available research evidence with
clinical judgment about a specific patient situation. The nurse assesses current and past
research, clinical guidelines, and other resources to identify relevant literature. The application
of EBP includes critically appraising the evidence to assess its validity, designing a change for
practice, assessing the need for change and identifying a problem, and integrating and
maintaining change while monitoring process and outcomes by reevaluating the application of
evidence and assessing areas for improvement.
DIF: Applying OBJ: 1.2 TOP: Implementation
MSC: NCLEX Client Needs Category: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
NOT: Concepts: Care Coordination
,10. The nurse is delegating frequent blood pressure (BP) measurements for a patient admitted
with a gunshot wound to a licensed practical nurse (LPN). When delegating, the nurse
understands which fact?
a. He/she may assume that the LPN is able to perform this task appropriately.
b. The LPN is ultimately responsible for the patient findings and assessment.
c. The LPN may perform the tasks assigned without further supervision.
d. He/she retains ultimate responsibility for patient care and supervision is needed.
ANS: D
The RN retains ultimate responsibility for patient care, which requires supervision of those to
whom patient care is delegated. In the process of collaboration, the nurse delegates certain
activities to other health care personnel. The RN needs to know the scope of practice or
capabilities of each health care member for delegation to be effective and safe.
DIF: Understanding OBJ: 1.2 TOP: Implementation
MSC: NCLEX Client Needs Category: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
NOT: Concepts: Care Coordination
11. The nurse is preparing to discharge a patient admitted with fever of unknown origin. The
patient states, “I never got past the fifth grade in school. Don’t read much. Never saw much
sense in it. But I do OK. I can read most stuff. But my doctor explains things good and
doesn’t think that my sickness is serious.” Considering this patient response, what action
should the nurse carry out?
a. Provide discharge medication information from a professional source to provide
the most information.
b. Expect that the patient may return to the hospital if the discharge process is poorly
done.
c. Assume that the physician and the patient have a good rapport and that the
physician will clarify everything.
d. Defer offering the patient the opportunity to sign up for wellness classes due to the
low literacy rate.
ANS: B
Low health literacy is associated with increased hospitalization, greater emergency care use,
lower use of mammography, and lower receipt of influenza vaccine. A goal of patient
education by the nurse is to inform patients and deliver information that is understandable by
examining their level of health literacy. The more understandable health information is for
patients, the closer the care is coordinated with need.
DIF: Applying OBJ: 1.2 TOP: Implementation
MSC: NCLEX Client Needs Category: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
NOT: Concepts: Health Promotion
12. A nurse is caring for a patient who lost a large amount of blood during childbirth. The nurse
provides the opportunity for the patient to maintain her activity level while providing adequate
periods of rest and encouragement. Which nursing theory would the nurse most likely choose
as a framework for addressing the fatigue associated with the low blood count?
a. Watson Human Caring Theory
b. Parse’s Theory of Human Becoming
c. Roy’s Adaptation Model
d. Rogers’ Science of Unitary Human Beings
, ANS: C
Roy’s Adaptation Model is based on the human being as an adaptive open system. The person
adapts by meeting physiologic-physical needs, developing a positive self-concept–group
identity, performing social role functions, and balancing dependence and independence.
Stressors result in illness by disrupting the equilibrium. Nursing care is directed at altering
stimuli that are stressors to the patient. The nurse helps patients strengthen their abilities to
adapt to their illnesses or helps them to develop adaptive behaviors. Watson’s theory is based
on caring, with nurses dedicated to health and healing. The nurse functions to preserve the
dignity and wholeness of humans in health or while peacefully dying. Parse’s theory is called
the Human Becoming School of Thought. Parse formulated the Theory of Human Becoming
by combining concepts from Martha Rogers’ Science of Unitary Human Beings with
existential-phenomenologic thought. This theory looks at the person as a constantly changing
being, and at nursing as a human science. Martha Rogers (1970) developed the Science of
Unitary Human Beings. She stated that human beings and their environments are interacting
in continuous motion as infinite energy fields.
DIF: Applying OBJ: 1.4 TOP: Implementation
MSC: NCLEX Client Needs Category: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
NOT: Concepts: Care Coordination
13. The nurse recognizes which nursing theorist who described the relationship between the nurse
and the patient as an interpersonal and therapeutic process?
a. Virginia Henderson
b. Betty Neuman
c. Imogene King
d. Hildegard Peplau
ANS: D
Hildegard Peplau focused on the roles played by the nurse and the interpersonal process
between a nurse and a patient. The interpersonal process occurs in overlapping phases: (1)
orientation, (2) working, consisting of two subphases: identification and exploitation, and (3)
resolution. Betty Neuman’s Systems Model includes a holistic concept and an open-system
approach. The model identifies energy resources that provide for basic survival, with lines of
resistance that are activated when a stressor invades the system. Virginia Henderson described
the nurse’s role as substitutive (doing for the person), supplementary (helping the person), or
complementary (working with the person), with the ultimate goal of independence for the
patient. Imogene King developed a general systems framework that incorporates three levels
of systems: (1) individual or personal, (2) group or interpersonal, and (3) society or social.
The theory of goal attainment discusses the importance of interaction, perception,
communication, transaction, self, role, stress, growth and development, time, and personal
space. In this theory, both the nurse and the patient work together to achieve the goals in the
continuous adjustment to stressors.
DIF: Remembering OBJ: 1.4 TOP: Assessment
MSC: NCLEX Client Needs Category: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation
NOT: Concepts: Health Promotion
14. When a nursing class volunteers to serve hot meals at a local homeless shelter on a Saturday
afternoon, which term identifies this focus on serving the community?
a. Altruism
, b. Accountability
c. Autonomy
d. Advocate
ANS: A
A profession provides services needed by society. Additionally, practitioners’ motivation is
public service over personal gain (altruism). Service to the public requires intellectual
activities, which include responsibility. This accountability has legal, ethical, and professional
implications. Members of a profession have autonomy in decision making and practice and
are self-regulating in that they develop their own policies in collaboration with one another.
As the patient’s advocate, the nurse interprets information and provides the necessary
education. The nurse then accepts and respects the patient’s decisions even if they are
different from the nurse’s own beliefs.
DIF: Understanding OBJ: 1.6 TOP: Assessment
MSC: NCLEX Client Needs Category: Health Promotion and Maintenance
NOT: Concepts: Health Promotion
15. A patient is being discharged from the hospital with wound care dressing changes. The nurse
recommends a referral for home health nursing care. The nurse is using which standard of
practice?
a. Assessment
b. Diagnosis
c. Planning
d. Implementation
ANS: C
As a care provider, the nurse follows the nursing process to assess patient data, prioritize
Nursing diagnoses, plan the care of the patient, implement the appropriate interventions, and
evaluate care in an ongoing cycle. In recommending a referral, the nurse is, in effect, planning
care.
DIF: Applying OBJ: 1.2 TOP: Planning
MSC: NCLEX Client Needs Category: Physiological Integrity: Basic Care and Comfort
NOT: Concepts: Care Coordination
16. The nurse administers a medication to the patient and then realizes that the medication had
been discontinued. The error is immediately reported to the physician. The nurse recognizes
which term that identifies complying with the standards of professional performance?
a. Ethics
b. Socialization
c. Altruism
d. Autonomy
ANS: A
, Guiding the nurse’s professional practice are ethical behaviors. Ethics is the standards of right
and wrong behavior. The main concepts in nursing ethics are accountability, advocacy,
autonomy (be independent and self-motivated), beneficence (act in the best interest of the
patient), confidentiality, fidelity (keep promises), justice (relate to others with fairness and
equality), nonmaleficence (do no harm), responsibility, and veracity (be truthful). Ethical
guidelines direct the nurse’s decision making in routine situations and in ethical dilemmas.
Socialization to professional nursing is a process that involves learning the theory and skills
necessary for the role of nurse. A profession provides services needed by society.
Additionally, practitioners’ motivation is public service over personal gain (altruism).
Members of a profession have autonomy in decision making and practice and are
self-regulating in that they develop their own policies in collaboration with one another.
DIF: Applying OBJ: 1.6 TOP: Implementation
MSC: NCLEX Client Needs Category: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Safety and Infection
Control NOT: Concepts: Ethics
17. A newly licensed registered nurse is curious about the scope of care that he or she has in
caring for patients undergoing conscious sedation. Which would be the best source of
information for this nurse?
a. National Student Nurses Association
b. Nurse Practice Act
c. ANA Standards of Professional Performance
d. National League for Nursing
ANS: B
Nurse practice acts provide the scope of practice defined by each state or jurisdiction and set
forth the legal limits of nursing practice. Nursing organizations enable the nurse to have
access to current information and resources as well as a voice in the profession. Nursing
organizations include the ANA, the NLN, the ICN, Sigma Theta Tau International Honor
Society of Nursing, and the National Student Nurses Association (NSNA).
DIF: Remembering OBJ: 1.7 TOP: Assessment
MSC: NCLEX Client Needs Category: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
NOT: Concepts: Health Care Law
18. The nursing student is writing a paper about the direct patient care role of advanced practice
nurses. Which advanced practice role would the student include in the report?
a. Nurse Administrator
b. Clinical Nurse Leader
c. Clinical Nurse Specialist
d. Nurse Educator
ANS: C
There are four specialties in which nurses provide direct patient care in advanced practice
roles: certified nurse midwife (CNM), nurse practitioner (NP), clinical nurse specialist (CNS),
and certified registered nurse anesthetist (CRNA). Four additional advanced practice roles that
do not always involve direct patient care are clinical nurse leader (CNL), nurse educator,
nurse researcher, and nurse administrator.
DIF: Remembering OBJ: 1.9 TOP: Assessment
MSC: NCLEX Client Needs Category: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
, NOT: Concepts: Health Care Law
19. The nurse is determining the patient care assignments for a nursing unit. The nurse knows
which responsibility may be delegated to the licensed practical nurse?
a. Initiating the nursing care plans
b. Formulating Nursing diagnoses
c. Assessing a newly admitted patient
d. Administering oral medications
ANS: D
LPNs, or LVNs in California and Texas, are not RNs. They complete an educational program
consisting of 12 to 18 months of training, and then they must pass the National Council
Licensure Examination for Practical Nurses (NCLEX-PN) to practice as an LPN/LVN. They
are under the supervision of an RN in most institutions and are able to collect data but cannot
perform an assessment requiring decision making, cannot formulate a Nursing diagnosis, and
cannot initiate a care plan. They may update care plans and administer medications except for
certain IV medications.
DIF: Applying OBJ: 1.9 TOP: Implementation
MSC: NCLEX Client Needs Category: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
NOT: Concepts: Health Care Law
20. The nursing student is taking a class in Nursing Research. In class the student has learned
which term that identifies the most abstract level of knowledge?
a. Metaparadigm
b. Philosophy
c. Conceptual framework
d. Nursing theory
ANS: A
A metaparadigm, as the most abstract level of knowledge, is defined as a global set of
concepts that identify and describe the central phenomena of the discipline and explain the
relationship between those concepts. For example, the metaparadigm for nursing focuses on
the concepts of person, environment, health, and nursing. The next level of knowledge is a
philosophy, which is a statement about the beliefs and values of nursing in relation to a
specific phenomenon such as health. The third level of knowledge is a nursing conceptual
framework, or model, which is a collection of interrelated concepts that provides direction for
nursing practice, research, and education. The fourth level of nursing knowledge is a nursing
theory, which represents a group of concepts that can be tested in practice and can be derived
from a conceptual model.
DIF: Remembering OBJ: 1.4 TOP: Assessment
MSC: NCLEX Client Needs Category: Health Promotion and Maintenance
NOT: Concepts: Professionalism
MULTIPLE RESPONSE
1. The nurse recognizes which statements contribute to the understanding that nursing is
considered a profession? (Select all that apply.)
a. Nursing requires specialized training.
b. Nursing has a specialized body of knowledge.
