Online Instructor’s Manual with Testbank
m m m m
for
LegalResearch,Analysis, andWriting
m m m m
Sixth Edition m
Joanne B. Hames m m
De Anza College
m m
Yvonne Ekern m
Santa Clara University Law School
m m m m
Boston Columbus Indianapolis
m m m New York San Francisco
m m m
Amsterdam Cape Town
m m m Dubai m London Madrid m m Milan m Munich m Paris m Montreal
m Toronto Delhi
m m Mexico Citym m Sao Paulo
m m Sydney m Hong Kong m m Seoul m Singapore m Taipei
m Tokyo
1
, ISBN-13: 978-0-13-455984-1 m
ISBN-10: 0-13-455984-3
Table of Contents
m m
To the Instructor
m m iv
Syllabi ix
Chapter 1: Introduction to Legal Research, Writing and Analysis
m m m m m m m m 1
Chapter 2: The Starting Point: Analyzing Facts and Identifying Legal Issues
m m m m m m m m m m 7
Chapter 3: Finding and Analyzing Case Law
m m m m m m 12
Chapter 4: How to Read and Summarize a Case Law Decision
m m m m m m m m m m 20
Chapter 5: Constitutions, Statutes, and Administrative Regulations
m m m m m m 27
Chapter 6: Statutory and Constitutional Analysis
m m m m m 40
Chapter 7: Secondary Sources
m m m 48
Chapter 8: Digests
m m 58
Chapter 9: Validating Your Research: Using Shepards, Keycite and other Citators
m m m m m m m m m m 65
Chapter 10: Introduction to Lexis Advance, Westlaw, & Bloomberg Law
m m m m m m m m m 75
Chapter 11: Computer-Assisted Legal Research (CALR): The Freely Accessible Internet 81
m m m m m m m m m m
Chapter 12: Basic Legal Writing Tools
m m m m m m 86
Chapter 13: The Memorandum of Law: Predictive Legal Writing
m m m m m m m m 90
Chapter 14: Writing to the Court: Persuasive Writing
m m m m m m m 95
Chapter 15: Motion Practice: Research and Writing Issues
m m m m m m m 100
Chapter 16: Legal Correspondence
m m m 104
Testbank 123
2
, To the Instructor m m
The Sixth Edition of Legal Research, Analysis, and Writing
m m m m m m m m
When we first wrote Legal Research, Analysis, and Writing, we were convinced that students needed
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
a text that integrated research, analysis, and writing skills. We remain convinced of that; therefore,
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
our basic approach to the subject matter has not changed. However, legal research materials and the
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
methods of doing legal research have changed considerably over the past several years. The
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
availability of legal resources through the Internet has tremendous influence on the way research is
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
conducted. No longer are researchers confined to a law library. The widespread use of all forms of
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
computer assisted legal research requires that legal researchers develop new skills.
m m m m m m m m m m m
However, the law has not abandoned the written word and, as any experienced researcher knows,
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
books are often preferred. The new skills that researchers must develop, therefore, cannot supplant
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
traditional research skills, but must complement them. As a result, most chapters now contain a
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
section incorporating the availability of legal research materials on the free Internet. We continue to
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
have a chapter introducing Westtlaw, Lexis Advance, and Bloomberg Law, as well as an overview
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
chapter on Internet research. We have also refined the use of sample pages from print resources.
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
mSince legal writing continues to be a source of concern, we have added a section to each chapter
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
providng a short writing exercise with suggested sample answers found in an Appendix to the text.
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
Practical Approach m
This text assists the instructor in presenting material in a practical and relevant way.
m m m m m m m m m m m m m
Each chapter opens with a short memorandum From the Desk of W. J.
m m m m m m m m m m m m m
Bryan, Esq., that contains a hypothetical factual situation to be researched and
m m m m m m m m m m m
analyzed by a fictional research associate. The memorandum approach helps to
m m m m m m m m m m m
introduce the topic of the chapter and to engage the student’s imagination. Each
m m m m m m m m m m m m m
chapter contains figures with sample pages from print resources, screen shots from
m m m m m m m m m m m m
online sources, or examples of legal writing so as to illustrate text material.
m m m m m m m m m m m m m
One feature at the end of the chapter, Can You Figure It Out?, requires students to
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
answer questions related to these figures. Furthermore, because learning to do legal
m m m m m m m m m m m m
research requires hands-on experience, at the end of each chapter are research,
m m m m m m m m m m m m
analysis, citation, and writing exercises. Research assignments can be performed
m m m m m m m m m m
in a library or, in many cases, online. (Answers to most of these exercises are found
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
in an Instructor’s Manual.) So that students can build confidence prior to using a
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
library or online resource, exercises are found in a chapter end feature, Test
m m m m m m m m m m m m m
Yourself. Answers to selected research problems are found in Appendix G to the
m m m m m m m m m m m m m
text.
m
Each chapter also addresses important writing issues in end-of-chapter features.
m m m m m m m m m
Test Yourself also contains a section entitled “Write It Right.” Here
m m m m m m m m m m m
students find a writing assignment preceded by an explanation and example. Suggested answers
m m m m m m m m m m m m
to the writing assignment are generally provided in Appendix G.
m m m m m m m m m m
This feature covers a variety of legal writing issues.
m m m m m m m m
All chapters also include a Chapter Summary, Terms to Remember,
m m m m m m m m m
Citation Matters, and Questions for Review, as well as a Case Project. This
m m m m m m m m m m m m m
section allows students and instructors to select one hypothetical case (many
m m m m m m m m m m m
3
, of which are found in Appendices A and B) and to perform some research, analysis,
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
or writing project in chapters. In this way, students see how the material covered in
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
the different chapters is integrated. Questions and problems for
m m m m m m m m m
group work, either in class or online through the use of discussion boards, have been
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
added.
m
Features
A variety of features helps students and instructors.
m m m m m m m
• Legal vocabulary is identified in boldface type. The key terms are defined
m m m m m m m m m m m
in the margins of the text where the terms appear. A comprehensive Glossary
m m m m m m m m m m m m m
is also included at the end of the book.
m m m m m m m m m
• Skill Objectives are listed at the beginning of each chapter, helping
m m m m m m m m m m
students recognize the main points of the chapter.
m m m m m m m m
• Finding It Online offers students the opportunity to explore online legal
m m m m m m m m m m
research resources.
m m
• Citation Matters, a feature that appears in each chapter, is a brief overview of
m m m m m m m m m m m m m
major citation rules affecting legal writing.
m m m m m m
• The Writer’s Corner, a feature in each chapter, focuses on an important
m m m m m m m m m m m
legal writing issue.
m m m
• As previously stated, an interoffice memorandum called From the Desk
m m m m m m m m m
of W. J. Bryan, Esq., opens the text of each chapter. This memorandum
m m m m m m m m m m m m m
serves as an introduction to the subject matter, encouraging the student to
m m m m m m m m m m m m
think about the subject matter in a practical setting.
m m m m m m m m m
• Research checklists are found in several chapters, providing a quick, m m m m m m m m m
easy-to-read summary of the material found in the text.
m m m m m m m m m
• Sample pages from an assortment of law books are included in the
m m m m m m m m m m m
research chapters. Practical exercises, found in the section Can You
m m m m m m m m m m
Figure It Out? at the end of the chapters, give students the opportunity to
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
practice research skills before going to the library.
m m m m m m m m
• Examples of actual research memoranda appear in appropriate chapters. m m m m m m m m
• A Chapter Summary is included in every chapter; it provides a short
m m m m m m m m m m m
overview of the major concepts covered in the chapter.
m m m m m m m m m
• Basic Questions for Review follow the chapter summary. These questions
m m m m m m m m m
are designed to focus the student on the most important concepts
m m m m m m m m m m m
presented in the chapter. m m m
• Assignments, Activities, and Exercises are included at the end of each m m m m m m m m m m
chapter. These features include library research problems, analysis exercises,
m m m m m m m m m
and writing assignments.
m m m
• Citation Exercises are included at the end of each chapter. m m m m m m m m m
• Questions From the Writer’s Corner located at the end of the chapter m m m m m m m m m m m
reinforce the material covered in the chapter.
m m m m m m m
• Most chapters include a feature called A Point to Remember. This practical
m m m m m m m m m m m
minformation is fashioned to help students focus on the skills and concepts m m m m m m m m m m m
that will help them in doing legal research, writing, and analysis.
m m m m m m m m m m
• Test Yourself, including Write It Right, allows students to test their
m m m m m m m m m m
mown research and writing skills by providing answers to the questions in
m m m m m m m m m m m
mAppendix G. m
• Appendix B includes several research problems that may be used as a m m m m m m m m m m m
mbasis for assignments for all chapters, giving students the opportunity to
m m m m m m m m m m
4
m m m m
for
LegalResearch,Analysis, andWriting
m m m m
Sixth Edition m
Joanne B. Hames m m
De Anza College
m m
Yvonne Ekern m
Santa Clara University Law School
m m m m
Boston Columbus Indianapolis
m m m New York San Francisco
m m m
Amsterdam Cape Town
m m m Dubai m London Madrid m m Milan m Munich m Paris m Montreal
m Toronto Delhi
m m Mexico Citym m Sao Paulo
m m Sydney m Hong Kong m m Seoul m Singapore m Taipei
m Tokyo
1
, ISBN-13: 978-0-13-455984-1 m
ISBN-10: 0-13-455984-3
Table of Contents
m m
To the Instructor
m m iv
Syllabi ix
Chapter 1: Introduction to Legal Research, Writing and Analysis
m m m m m m m m 1
Chapter 2: The Starting Point: Analyzing Facts and Identifying Legal Issues
m m m m m m m m m m 7
Chapter 3: Finding and Analyzing Case Law
m m m m m m 12
Chapter 4: How to Read and Summarize a Case Law Decision
m m m m m m m m m m 20
Chapter 5: Constitutions, Statutes, and Administrative Regulations
m m m m m m 27
Chapter 6: Statutory and Constitutional Analysis
m m m m m 40
Chapter 7: Secondary Sources
m m m 48
Chapter 8: Digests
m m 58
Chapter 9: Validating Your Research: Using Shepards, Keycite and other Citators
m m m m m m m m m m 65
Chapter 10: Introduction to Lexis Advance, Westlaw, & Bloomberg Law
m m m m m m m m m 75
Chapter 11: Computer-Assisted Legal Research (CALR): The Freely Accessible Internet 81
m m m m m m m m m m
Chapter 12: Basic Legal Writing Tools
m m m m m m 86
Chapter 13: The Memorandum of Law: Predictive Legal Writing
m m m m m m m m 90
Chapter 14: Writing to the Court: Persuasive Writing
m m m m m m m 95
Chapter 15: Motion Practice: Research and Writing Issues
m m m m m m m 100
Chapter 16: Legal Correspondence
m m m 104
Testbank 123
2
, To the Instructor m m
The Sixth Edition of Legal Research, Analysis, and Writing
m m m m m m m m
When we first wrote Legal Research, Analysis, and Writing, we were convinced that students needed
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
a text that integrated research, analysis, and writing skills. We remain convinced of that; therefore,
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
our basic approach to the subject matter has not changed. However, legal research materials and the
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
methods of doing legal research have changed considerably over the past several years. The
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
availability of legal resources through the Internet has tremendous influence on the way research is
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
conducted. No longer are researchers confined to a law library. The widespread use of all forms of
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
computer assisted legal research requires that legal researchers develop new skills.
m m m m m m m m m m m
However, the law has not abandoned the written word and, as any experienced researcher knows,
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
books are often preferred. The new skills that researchers must develop, therefore, cannot supplant
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
traditional research skills, but must complement them. As a result, most chapters now contain a
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
section incorporating the availability of legal research materials on the free Internet. We continue to
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
have a chapter introducing Westtlaw, Lexis Advance, and Bloomberg Law, as well as an overview
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
chapter on Internet research. We have also refined the use of sample pages from print resources.
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
mSince legal writing continues to be a source of concern, we have added a section to each chapter
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
providng a short writing exercise with suggested sample answers found in an Appendix to the text.
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
Practical Approach m
This text assists the instructor in presenting material in a practical and relevant way.
m m m m m m m m m m m m m
Each chapter opens with a short memorandum From the Desk of W. J.
m m m m m m m m m m m m m
Bryan, Esq., that contains a hypothetical factual situation to be researched and
m m m m m m m m m m m
analyzed by a fictional research associate. The memorandum approach helps to
m m m m m m m m m m m
introduce the topic of the chapter and to engage the student’s imagination. Each
m m m m m m m m m m m m m
chapter contains figures with sample pages from print resources, screen shots from
m m m m m m m m m m m m
online sources, or examples of legal writing so as to illustrate text material.
m m m m m m m m m m m m m
One feature at the end of the chapter, Can You Figure It Out?, requires students to
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
answer questions related to these figures. Furthermore, because learning to do legal
m m m m m m m m m m m m
research requires hands-on experience, at the end of each chapter are research,
m m m m m m m m m m m m
analysis, citation, and writing exercises. Research assignments can be performed
m m m m m m m m m m
in a library or, in many cases, online. (Answers to most of these exercises are found
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
in an Instructor’s Manual.) So that students can build confidence prior to using a
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
library or online resource, exercises are found in a chapter end feature, Test
m m m m m m m m m m m m m
Yourself. Answers to selected research problems are found in Appendix G to the
m m m m m m m m m m m m m
text.
m
Each chapter also addresses important writing issues in end-of-chapter features.
m m m m m m m m m
Test Yourself also contains a section entitled “Write It Right.” Here
m m m m m m m m m m m
students find a writing assignment preceded by an explanation and example. Suggested answers
m m m m m m m m m m m m
to the writing assignment are generally provided in Appendix G.
m m m m m m m m m m
This feature covers a variety of legal writing issues.
m m m m m m m m
All chapters also include a Chapter Summary, Terms to Remember,
m m m m m m m m m
Citation Matters, and Questions for Review, as well as a Case Project. This
m m m m m m m m m m m m m
section allows students and instructors to select one hypothetical case (many
m m m m m m m m m m m
3
, of which are found in Appendices A and B) and to perform some research, analysis,
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
or writing project in chapters. In this way, students see how the material covered in
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
the different chapters is integrated. Questions and problems for
m m m m m m m m m
group work, either in class or online through the use of discussion boards, have been
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
added.
m
Features
A variety of features helps students and instructors.
m m m m m m m
• Legal vocabulary is identified in boldface type. The key terms are defined
m m m m m m m m m m m
in the margins of the text where the terms appear. A comprehensive Glossary
m m m m m m m m m m m m m
is also included at the end of the book.
m m m m m m m m m
• Skill Objectives are listed at the beginning of each chapter, helping
m m m m m m m m m m
students recognize the main points of the chapter.
m m m m m m m m
• Finding It Online offers students the opportunity to explore online legal
m m m m m m m m m m
research resources.
m m
• Citation Matters, a feature that appears in each chapter, is a brief overview of
m m m m m m m m m m m m m
major citation rules affecting legal writing.
m m m m m m
• The Writer’s Corner, a feature in each chapter, focuses on an important
m m m m m m m m m m m
legal writing issue.
m m m
• As previously stated, an interoffice memorandum called From the Desk
m m m m m m m m m
of W. J. Bryan, Esq., opens the text of each chapter. This memorandum
m m m m m m m m m m m m m
serves as an introduction to the subject matter, encouraging the student to
m m m m m m m m m m m m
think about the subject matter in a practical setting.
m m m m m m m m m
• Research checklists are found in several chapters, providing a quick, m m m m m m m m m
easy-to-read summary of the material found in the text.
m m m m m m m m m
• Sample pages from an assortment of law books are included in the
m m m m m m m m m m m
research chapters. Practical exercises, found in the section Can You
m m m m m m m m m m
Figure It Out? at the end of the chapters, give students the opportunity to
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
practice research skills before going to the library.
m m m m m m m m
• Examples of actual research memoranda appear in appropriate chapters. m m m m m m m m
• A Chapter Summary is included in every chapter; it provides a short
m m m m m m m m m m m
overview of the major concepts covered in the chapter.
m m m m m m m m m
• Basic Questions for Review follow the chapter summary. These questions
m m m m m m m m m
are designed to focus the student on the most important concepts
m m m m m m m m m m m
presented in the chapter. m m m
• Assignments, Activities, and Exercises are included at the end of each m m m m m m m m m m
chapter. These features include library research problems, analysis exercises,
m m m m m m m m m
and writing assignments.
m m m
• Citation Exercises are included at the end of each chapter. m m m m m m m m m
• Questions From the Writer’s Corner located at the end of the chapter m m m m m m m m m m m
reinforce the material covered in the chapter.
m m m m m m m
• Most chapters include a feature called A Point to Remember. This practical
m m m m m m m m m m m
minformation is fashioned to help students focus on the skills and concepts m m m m m m m m m m m
that will help them in doing legal research, writing, and analysis.
m m m m m m m m m m
• Test Yourself, including Write It Right, allows students to test their
m m m m m m m m m m
mown research and writing skills by providing answers to the questions in
m m m m m m m m m m m
mAppendix G. m
• Appendix B includes several research problems that may be used as a m m m m m m m m m m m
mbasis for assignments for all chapters, giving students the opportunity to
m m m m m m m m m m
4