1
HIEU 242 Exam 2 Questions with Correct
Answers for Specific Exam Mail
David Ricardo
Ans: (1772-1823) British economist (economic liberalist). "Principles of Political
Economy and Taxation." Assumed the existence of an "iron law of wages": if
wages were left to the laws of supply and demand, they would fall to near
subsistence level. Believed the government should have no part in regulation.
Said that the "invisible hand" of the economy would bring continued
economic growth, with the bulk of profit going into employers' pockets.
Utopian Socialism
Ans: Ideas were partly shaped by their reaction against the social
consequences of economic liberalism. Considered the living conditions of the
laboring poor. The "social question" was their miserable living conditions.
Envisioned a world of cooperation. They were optimistic about the power of
science and technology to construct new social and political institutions.
Charles Fourier
Ans: (1772-1837) Utopian socialist. Said the art of selling was the practice of
lying and deception. Wanted to improve the conditions of humanity.
Believed that history moved in cycles toward a more perfect future and that
the next stage would be based on mankind's discovery that the principles of
cooperation and harmony would free everyone from the repression of
bourgeois individualism.
Robert Owen
Pretest - Stuvia US
,2
Ans: Utopian socialist. Believed education and environment could shape the
spirit of cooperation. Worked on factory reforms for children by limiting hours
and increasing wages. Started the New Lanark schools and fought for
women's equality, emphasizing the special qualities of motherhood.
Scientific Socialism
Ans: Belief that social and political developments are determined by
economic conditions. Related to Marxism.
Karl Marx
Ans: (1818-1883) "Communist Manifesto." (1848) Scientific socialist who
believed the scientific certainty of class struggle was inevitable. Believed a
revolution by workers would be prepared by the organizational efforts of a
group of committed revolutionaries.
Friedrich Engels
Ans: (1820-1895) "The Conditions of the Working Classes of England." (1844)
Developed Marxist Theory with Karl Marx. Supported Marx's idea of revolution
and communist triumph. Co-authored "Communist Manifesto" and continued
Marx's work after his death.
Marxism vs. Utopian Socialism
Ans: Both raise the issue of property and redistribution. Both emphasize the
need to consider poor labor conditions. Utopian socialists emphasize
cooperation, whereas Marxism emphasizes revolution.
Revolutions of 1848
Pretest - Stuvia US
, 3
Ans: Split between liberals and radicals after the revolution. Resistance from
social and political forces.
French Political Revolution
Ans: (February 1848) The desire for a republic and universal suffrage
intensified. Caught between nobles insisting that the monarchy lacked
dynasty legitimacy and republicans demanding a regime based on popular
sovereignty. Republicans campaigned for electoral reform. Workers
demanded the right to vote and state assistance for their trades. France's
premier, Francois Guizot, banned the electoral reform campaign, leading
Louis-Philippe to dismiss him. Protests continued and the Second French
Republic was established.
Louis Blanc
Ans: (1811-1882) Looked to governments to give scientists a free hand in
applying their talents to the betterment of the human condition. He argued
for the "right to work," which would require employment in times of distress
and decent wage in the face of unchecked competition. Brought workers
together through workshops in the hopes of increasing workers' influence on
government through the establishment of universal suffrage.
French Social Revolution
Ans: (June 1848) National Workshops were closed, leading to uprising of the
working class called the "June Days." This lasted for 3 days and led to 15,000
deaths. Workers were pitted against the bourgeoisie. Many people believed
Louis Napoleon could restore stability, who won over those who supported a
republic.
Pretest - Stuvia US
HIEU 242 Exam 2 Questions with Correct
Answers for Specific Exam Mail
David Ricardo
Ans: (1772-1823) British economist (economic liberalist). "Principles of Political
Economy and Taxation." Assumed the existence of an "iron law of wages": if
wages were left to the laws of supply and demand, they would fall to near
subsistence level. Believed the government should have no part in regulation.
Said that the "invisible hand" of the economy would bring continued
economic growth, with the bulk of profit going into employers' pockets.
Utopian Socialism
Ans: Ideas were partly shaped by their reaction against the social
consequences of economic liberalism. Considered the living conditions of the
laboring poor. The "social question" was their miserable living conditions.
Envisioned a world of cooperation. They were optimistic about the power of
science and technology to construct new social and political institutions.
Charles Fourier
Ans: (1772-1837) Utopian socialist. Said the art of selling was the practice of
lying and deception. Wanted to improve the conditions of humanity.
Believed that history moved in cycles toward a more perfect future and that
the next stage would be based on mankind's discovery that the principles of
cooperation and harmony would free everyone from the repression of
bourgeois individualism.
Robert Owen
Pretest - Stuvia US
,2
Ans: Utopian socialist. Believed education and environment could shape the
spirit of cooperation. Worked on factory reforms for children by limiting hours
and increasing wages. Started the New Lanark schools and fought for
women's equality, emphasizing the special qualities of motherhood.
Scientific Socialism
Ans: Belief that social and political developments are determined by
economic conditions. Related to Marxism.
Karl Marx
Ans: (1818-1883) "Communist Manifesto." (1848) Scientific socialist who
believed the scientific certainty of class struggle was inevitable. Believed a
revolution by workers would be prepared by the organizational efforts of a
group of committed revolutionaries.
Friedrich Engels
Ans: (1820-1895) "The Conditions of the Working Classes of England." (1844)
Developed Marxist Theory with Karl Marx. Supported Marx's idea of revolution
and communist triumph. Co-authored "Communist Manifesto" and continued
Marx's work after his death.
Marxism vs. Utopian Socialism
Ans: Both raise the issue of property and redistribution. Both emphasize the
need to consider poor labor conditions. Utopian socialists emphasize
cooperation, whereas Marxism emphasizes revolution.
Revolutions of 1848
Pretest - Stuvia US
, 3
Ans: Split between liberals and radicals after the revolution. Resistance from
social and political forces.
French Political Revolution
Ans: (February 1848) The desire for a republic and universal suffrage
intensified. Caught between nobles insisting that the monarchy lacked
dynasty legitimacy and republicans demanding a regime based on popular
sovereignty. Republicans campaigned for electoral reform. Workers
demanded the right to vote and state assistance for their trades. France's
premier, Francois Guizot, banned the electoral reform campaign, leading
Louis-Philippe to dismiss him. Protests continued and the Second French
Republic was established.
Louis Blanc
Ans: (1811-1882) Looked to governments to give scientists a free hand in
applying their talents to the betterment of the human condition. He argued
for the "right to work," which would require employment in times of distress
and decent wage in the face of unchecked competition. Brought workers
together through workshops in the hopes of increasing workers' influence on
government through the establishment of universal suffrage.
French Social Revolution
Ans: (June 1848) National Workshops were closed, leading to uprising of the
working class called the "June Days." This lasted for 3 days and led to 15,000
deaths. Workers were pitted against the bourgeoisie. Many people believed
Louis Napoleon could restore stability, who won over those who supported a
republic.
Pretest - Stuvia US
