NR565- Advance Pharmacology Exam
2025-2026 Questions And Answers
Who determines and regulates prescriptive authority? - ANSWER>>State Board of
Nursing
How does limited prescriptive authority impact patients within the healthcare system? -
ANSWER>>Longer wait times to sign a prescription Limit practitioners that are
needed in rural areas Unequal relationships between providers.
Independent practitioners= more patients being seen= lessens the patient/provider load
What are the key responsibilities of prescribing? - ANSWER>>Safe and competent
practice
Understanding of the drugs, reactions, and pharmacology
Be aware of the age group you are prescribing to
What should be used to make prescribing decisions? - ANSWER>>Documented
provider-patient relationship Not prescribing for family or friends
Documenting a thorough H&P, including discussions with the patient, and drug
monitoring/titrating.
Cost, guidelines, availability, interactions, side effects, allergies, hepatic and renal
function, need for monitoring, and special populations
Be familiar with pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic changes of older adults and
how that would translate to baseline information needed to prescribe. -
ANSWER>>increase glomerular filtration rate leads to increase drug excretion
increase hepatic metabolism
decrease tone and motility of bowel
increase drug absorption
Beer's Criteria- What is it and Why is it important - ANSWER>>Recommendations of
medications inappropriate for elderly (65 and older)
Prevents adverse drug reactions
Impacts/outcomes of polypharmacy - ANSWER>>-increase risk for medication
interactions
, CYP450 inhibitors o Examples o What do they do? o What do they cause if not used
correctly? (aka: What would the patient experience?) - ANSWER>>inhibit metabolism,
increase blood levels of medications Examples
Valproate, isoniazid, sulfonamides, amiodarone, chloramphenicol, ketoconazole,
grapefruit juice, quinidine
"VISA credit card debt INHIBITS spending on designers like CK to look GQ"
Examples of CYP450 inducers o Examples o What do they do? o What do they cause if
not used correctly? (aka: What would the patient experience?) - ANSWER>>Speed up
metabolism of drugs (drug is cleared faster), drug has lesser effect (decrease blood
levels of drug)
Examples
Barbituates, St John wort, Carbamazepine, rifampin, alcohol, phenytoin, griseofulvin,
phenobarbital, sulfonylureas "Bullshit Crap GPS INDUCES rage"
What happens when someone has a poor metabolism phenotype? -
ANSWER>>medications metabolized slower, medication might not work or put them at
risk for side-effects
What does the U.S. Food and Drug Administration regulate when it comes to
medications? - ANSWER>>Whether the drug is safe, effective, and benefits of a drug
outweigh the risks
Reasons for medication non-adherence - ANSWER>>patients never filling/refilling
prescriptions (resulting in therapeutic failure) multiple chronic disorders multiple
prescription medications multiple doses per day for each medication drug
packaging that is difficult to open multiple prescribers
changes in the regimen (adding meds, changes in dose or timing)
cognitive or physical impairment (reduction in memory, hearing, visual, color, or manual
dexterity) living alone
recent discharge from the hospital
low literacy inability to
pay for meds
personal conviction that a drug is unnecessary or the dosage is too high presence
of side effects
Black Box Warnings o What are they? o Why are they issued? - ANSWER>>Is the
strongest safety warning a drug can carry and still remain on the market. Usually
presented on the label with a heavy black border.
Issued by the FDA due to having serious or life-threatening risks
Neonate and infant drug absorption
2025-2026 Questions And Answers
Who determines and regulates prescriptive authority? - ANSWER>>State Board of
Nursing
How does limited prescriptive authority impact patients within the healthcare system? -
ANSWER>>Longer wait times to sign a prescription Limit practitioners that are
needed in rural areas Unequal relationships between providers.
Independent practitioners= more patients being seen= lessens the patient/provider load
What are the key responsibilities of prescribing? - ANSWER>>Safe and competent
practice
Understanding of the drugs, reactions, and pharmacology
Be aware of the age group you are prescribing to
What should be used to make prescribing decisions? - ANSWER>>Documented
provider-patient relationship Not prescribing for family or friends
Documenting a thorough H&P, including discussions with the patient, and drug
monitoring/titrating.
Cost, guidelines, availability, interactions, side effects, allergies, hepatic and renal
function, need for monitoring, and special populations
Be familiar with pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic changes of older adults and
how that would translate to baseline information needed to prescribe. -
ANSWER>>increase glomerular filtration rate leads to increase drug excretion
increase hepatic metabolism
decrease tone and motility of bowel
increase drug absorption
Beer's Criteria- What is it and Why is it important - ANSWER>>Recommendations of
medications inappropriate for elderly (65 and older)
Prevents adverse drug reactions
Impacts/outcomes of polypharmacy - ANSWER>>-increase risk for medication
interactions
, CYP450 inhibitors o Examples o What do they do? o What do they cause if not used
correctly? (aka: What would the patient experience?) - ANSWER>>inhibit metabolism,
increase blood levels of medications Examples
Valproate, isoniazid, sulfonamides, amiodarone, chloramphenicol, ketoconazole,
grapefruit juice, quinidine
"VISA credit card debt INHIBITS spending on designers like CK to look GQ"
Examples of CYP450 inducers o Examples o What do they do? o What do they cause if
not used correctly? (aka: What would the patient experience?) - ANSWER>>Speed up
metabolism of drugs (drug is cleared faster), drug has lesser effect (decrease blood
levels of drug)
Examples
Barbituates, St John wort, Carbamazepine, rifampin, alcohol, phenytoin, griseofulvin,
phenobarbital, sulfonylureas "Bullshit Crap GPS INDUCES rage"
What happens when someone has a poor metabolism phenotype? -
ANSWER>>medications metabolized slower, medication might not work or put them at
risk for side-effects
What does the U.S. Food and Drug Administration regulate when it comes to
medications? - ANSWER>>Whether the drug is safe, effective, and benefits of a drug
outweigh the risks
Reasons for medication non-adherence - ANSWER>>patients never filling/refilling
prescriptions (resulting in therapeutic failure) multiple chronic disorders multiple
prescription medications multiple doses per day for each medication drug
packaging that is difficult to open multiple prescribers
changes in the regimen (adding meds, changes in dose or timing)
cognitive or physical impairment (reduction in memory, hearing, visual, color, or manual
dexterity) living alone
recent discharge from the hospital
low literacy inability to
pay for meds
personal conviction that a drug is unnecessary or the dosage is too high presence
of side effects
Black Box Warnings o What are they? o Why are they issued? - ANSWER>>Is the
strongest safety warning a drug can carry and still remain on the market. Usually
presented on the label with a heavy black border.
Issued by the FDA due to having serious or life-threatening risks
Neonate and infant drug absorption
