UAMS Hematology Exam #1 UPDATED
ACTUAL Exam Questions and CORRECT
Answers
What is hematology? - CORRECT ANSWER - The study of blood cell formation,
destruction, maturation, and number of blood cells which can vary with disease or infection.
What is the most common specimen of hematology? - CORRECT ANSWER - Blood, that
may be clotted or anticoagulated with EDTA, heparin, or sodium citrate.
What are the types of normal blood cells? - CORRECT ANSWER - RBCs or erythrocytes,
platelets or thrombocytes (PLT), WBCs or leukocytes, monocytes, lymphocytes, and
granulocytes which include banded or segmented neutrophils, basophils, and eosinophils.
What is CBC and what does it count? - CORRECT ANSWER - Complete blood count.
RBCs, WBCs, platelets, hemoglobin, and hematocrit.
What does MCV stand for? MCH? MCHC? What causes MCH and MCHC to be increased or
decreased? - CORRECT ANSWER - Mean cell volume measures the size of RBCs. Mean
cell hemoglobin measures the weight of hemoglobin in RBCs. Mean cell hemoglobin content
measures the average concentration of hemoglobin within RBCs. MCH and MCHC are increased
with macrocytic anemia and decreased with microcytic anemia.
What is white cell differential? (diff) - CORRECT ANSWER - It categorizes cells in a
100-cell differential based on their maturity levels, to determine if a disease or infection is
present.
What are the organs of the RES and what is their function? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Spleen, liver, thymus, lymph nodes, and bone marrow. The RES is a network of cells within
these tissues that help with the formation and destruction of RBCs to fight infection and prevent
bleeding, the metabolism of iron to give to RBCs to carry oxygen through hemaglobin,
inflammation, and immunity.
, What is one of the largest organs in the body and where is it found? Is the site of active bone
marrow always the same? - CORRECT ANSWER - Bone marrow, found within the
cavities of cortical bones where the trabecular bone is also found. In utero and at birth, most
bones contain red bone marrow. At age 7, sites of bone marrow begin to decrease and are
restricted to proximal long bones, vertebrate, skull, sternum, ribs, and pelvis. Adults have 50:50
ratio of red to yellow bone marrow.
What are the types of bone marrow? What is the composition of red bone marrow? - CORRECT
ANSWER - There are two types of bone marrow. Red that is actively producing RBCs,
and yellow that is inactive, mainly composed of fat cells. Red bone marrow is composed of
extravascular cords that contain all blood cell lineages, stem cells, progenitor cells, adventitial
cells, and macrophages. The cords are semi liquid and wedged between sinuses, supported by
trabeculae.
How does red bone marrow receive blood supply? - CORRECT ANSWER - Periosteal
arteries that wrap around the central vein supply blood. The periosteal arteries branch out to form
capillaries and sinuses which hook up to larger veins to return the blood to circulation.
How are cells released from the bone marrow? What are measures the body can take if RBCs
aren't able to be supplied fast enough? - CORRECT ANSWER - The cells are released as
the body needs them. RBCs are kept at a steady rate. Adventitial cells forming a discontinous
line along the sinus will retract allowing the RBCs to exit into circulation.
If needed, the yellow bone marrow can convert into red marrow to help make RBCs.
What do the lymph nodes encapsulate? What do these do? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Lymphocytes, plasma cells, and macrophages. They play a role in producing new lymphocytes,
interacting with antigens and making antibodies, and ridding the blood of bacteria and debris.
What is the largest lymphoid organ? What does it do? - CORRECT ANSWER - Spleen, it
functions to act as a filter for blood to remove old or deformed RBCs from circulation. These
RBCs will either be culled (destroyed entirely) or pitted (macrophages bite out damaged section).
The spleen can also become a site of RBC production if needed and is also a holding cell for
platelets.
ACTUAL Exam Questions and CORRECT
Answers
What is hematology? - CORRECT ANSWER - The study of blood cell formation,
destruction, maturation, and number of blood cells which can vary with disease or infection.
What is the most common specimen of hematology? - CORRECT ANSWER - Blood, that
may be clotted or anticoagulated with EDTA, heparin, or sodium citrate.
What are the types of normal blood cells? - CORRECT ANSWER - RBCs or erythrocytes,
platelets or thrombocytes (PLT), WBCs or leukocytes, monocytes, lymphocytes, and
granulocytes which include banded or segmented neutrophils, basophils, and eosinophils.
What is CBC and what does it count? - CORRECT ANSWER - Complete blood count.
RBCs, WBCs, platelets, hemoglobin, and hematocrit.
What does MCV stand for? MCH? MCHC? What causes MCH and MCHC to be increased or
decreased? - CORRECT ANSWER - Mean cell volume measures the size of RBCs. Mean
cell hemoglobin measures the weight of hemoglobin in RBCs. Mean cell hemoglobin content
measures the average concentration of hemoglobin within RBCs. MCH and MCHC are increased
with macrocytic anemia and decreased with microcytic anemia.
What is white cell differential? (diff) - CORRECT ANSWER - It categorizes cells in a
100-cell differential based on their maturity levels, to determine if a disease or infection is
present.
What are the organs of the RES and what is their function? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Spleen, liver, thymus, lymph nodes, and bone marrow. The RES is a network of cells within
these tissues that help with the formation and destruction of RBCs to fight infection and prevent
bleeding, the metabolism of iron to give to RBCs to carry oxygen through hemaglobin,
inflammation, and immunity.
, What is one of the largest organs in the body and where is it found? Is the site of active bone
marrow always the same? - CORRECT ANSWER - Bone marrow, found within the
cavities of cortical bones where the trabecular bone is also found. In utero and at birth, most
bones contain red bone marrow. At age 7, sites of bone marrow begin to decrease and are
restricted to proximal long bones, vertebrate, skull, sternum, ribs, and pelvis. Adults have 50:50
ratio of red to yellow bone marrow.
What are the types of bone marrow? What is the composition of red bone marrow? - CORRECT
ANSWER - There are two types of bone marrow. Red that is actively producing RBCs,
and yellow that is inactive, mainly composed of fat cells. Red bone marrow is composed of
extravascular cords that contain all blood cell lineages, stem cells, progenitor cells, adventitial
cells, and macrophages. The cords are semi liquid and wedged between sinuses, supported by
trabeculae.
How does red bone marrow receive blood supply? - CORRECT ANSWER - Periosteal
arteries that wrap around the central vein supply blood. The periosteal arteries branch out to form
capillaries and sinuses which hook up to larger veins to return the blood to circulation.
How are cells released from the bone marrow? What are measures the body can take if RBCs
aren't able to be supplied fast enough? - CORRECT ANSWER - The cells are released as
the body needs them. RBCs are kept at a steady rate. Adventitial cells forming a discontinous
line along the sinus will retract allowing the RBCs to exit into circulation.
If needed, the yellow bone marrow can convert into red marrow to help make RBCs.
What do the lymph nodes encapsulate? What do these do? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Lymphocytes, plasma cells, and macrophages. They play a role in producing new lymphocytes,
interacting with antigens and making antibodies, and ridding the blood of bacteria and debris.
What is the largest lymphoid organ? What does it do? - CORRECT ANSWER - Spleen, it
functions to act as a filter for blood to remove old or deformed RBCs from circulation. These
RBCs will either be culled (destroyed entirely) or pitted (macrophages bite out damaged section).
The spleen can also become a site of RBC production if needed and is also a holding cell for
platelets.
