answers
Aggravated Sexual Assault Ans✓✓✓ Knowingly causes another person
to engage in a sexual act or attempts to do so by using force against the
person, or by placing that person in fear that they will be subjected to
death, injury, or kidnapping.
Knowingly renders another person unconscious.
Albert Bandura Ans✓✓✓ conducted research which was utilized by
lawmakers to show that aggressive behavior seen on tv and in the
movies can be transmitted to children through "imitation"
Albert Von Schrenck-Notzing Ans✓✓✓ testified about the effects of
pre-trial publicity; stated that witnesses could not distinguish between
reality and what they read in the press; this is called "retroactive
memory falsification"
Allocution Ans✓✓✓ Right to speak out at bail and parole board
hearings
Alternatives Ans✓✓✓ Group Home (including Teaching Family Home)
Family Preservation
,Substance Abuse
Boot Camp
Amicus Curiae Ans✓✓✓ "friend of the court"
Anger Management - outline Ans✓✓✓ An adaptation of cognitive
behavioural therapy in which offenders are encouraged to identify
causes of their criminal behaviour then learn and practise techniques to
control it.
Anger Management - process - Step 1 Ans✓✓✓ cognitive preparation
-- recognising own feelings of anger and what triggers anger.
Anger Management - process - Step 2 Ans✓✓✓ skill acquisition --
learning strategies to control own anger, eg deep breathing, repeating
calming mantra, counting to 10.
Anger Management - process - Step 3 Ans✓✓✓ application --
practising using newly learned strategies in safe situations, eg role play
of anger provoking situation.
Anger Management - underlying approach Ans✓✓✓ Cognitive
,Antisocial Personality Disorder Ans✓✓✓ A pattern of disregard and
violation of the rights of others that begins in childhood or early
adolescence and continues into adulthood
Arab Americans Ans✓✓✓ Most misunderstood ethnic group.
Atavistic Form - key proponent Ans✓✓✓ Lombroso
Atavistic Form - outline Ans✓✓✓ Criminals are more primitive genetic
throwbacks and this is visible in facial characteristics. An early biological
explanation for offending.
Battered Women Syndrome Ans✓✓✓ Feelings of learned helplessness
Survival vs. escape skills (appease vs. plan)
Low self-esteem
Feelings of depression
Battering Ans✓✓✓ Shoving, kicking, striking, hitting, punching
, Behavior Modification Ans✓✓✓ Reward good behavior vs. remove
privileges
These methods have shown little effectiveness
Behaviour Modification - outline Ans✓✓✓ Operant conditioning -
positive reinforcement is used to increase desirable behaviours,
undesirable behaviours are ignored or punished so they are
extinguished.
Behaviour Modification - process Ans✓✓✓ Tokens are used as
secondary reinforcers to be exchanged for primary reinforcers.
Tokens may be points or valueless items that can be exchanged for
valued rewards such as food, visiting rights, recreation.
Initially, offenders may have all privileges removed so that they have to
be earned with tokens.
Behaviour Modification - underlying approach Ans✓✓✓ Behaviourism
Beltway Snipers Ans✓✓✓ this group attempted to extort money from
local government and inflict terror. killed 10 people in 3 weeks
Boot Camp Ans✓✓✓ *Parallel to military model: Highly structured*
Discipline