BIODl 331/l BIOD331l Modulel 10:l (NEWl
2025/l 2026l Update)l Pathophysiologyl |l
Questionsl &l Answers|l Gradel A|l 100%l
Correctl (Verifiedl Solutions)-l Portagel
Learning
QUESTION
Al patientl presentsl tol thel ERl withl severel painl inl theirl rightl ankle.l Bloodl testsl reveall
seruml uricl acidl levelsl ofl 7.8l mg/dL.l Theyl arel keptl forl observationl andl theirl 24-hrl
urinel specimenl revealsl underexcretionl ofl urate.l Whichl phasel ofl goutl arel theyl in?l Whatl
isl thel goall ofl yourl treatmentl givenl thel phasel theyl arel in?
Answer:
Thisl patientl isl inl phasel 2l ofl goutl orl acutel goutl arthritis.l Thel goall ofl treatmentl isl tol
managel symptomsl andl terminatel thel acutel attackl primarilyl throughl NSAIDS.
QUESTION
Whichl ofl thel followingl patientsl isl atl greaterl riskl forl developingl osteoporosisl andl
sustainingl al fracture?l Explainl howl youl camel tol yourl conclusion.l Patientl A.l isl al 75-
year-oldl whitel Caucasianl malel whol hasl al historyl ofl al distall radiusl fracturesl atl agel 65.l
Patientl B.l isl al 60-l year-oldl Africanl Americanl femalel whol isl postmenopausal.l Shel isl
activel andl doesl notl havel al historyl ofl fractures.
Answer:
Patientl Al isl atl higherl risk.l Evenl thoughl hel isl al male,l hel isl advancedl inl age,l whitel
Caucasian,l andl sustainedl al fracturel afterl thel agel ofl 50.l Patientl Bl isl al postmenopausall
female;l however,l shel isl activel andl ofl Africanl Americanl decentl whichl isl associatedl withl
highl BMDl andl lowl ratesl ofl fracture.
,QUESTION
Al 60-year-old,l obesel femalel worksl outl ofl herl homel andl rarelyl walksl duel tol thel
sedentaryl naturel ofl herl job.l Givel 2l reasonsl whyl shel isl atl increasedl riskl forl developingl
OA.
Answer:
Shel isl al femalel overl thel agel ofl 55;l shel isl obese,l andl shel isl relativelyl sedentaryl
whichl contributesl tol thel decreasedl nourishmentl ofl thel jointl thatl comesl withl weightl
bearingl andl rangel ofl motion.l (*Notel -l studentl onlyl needsl tol providel 2l reasons.)
QUESTION
Comparel andl contrastl thel bloodl supplyl ofl corticall bonel andl cancellousl bone.
Answer:
Corticall bonel hasl al directl bloodl supply.l Nutrientl andl Perforatingl arteriesl forml anl
anastomosisl (collaterall circulation)l thatl circulatesl throughl thel bonel throughl thel
Haversianl andl Volkmannl canals.l Cancellousl bonel doesl notl havel al directl bloodl supply.l
Itl receivesl itsl bloodl supplyl throughl diffusionl froml thel endosteall bonel surfacel extendingl
outwardl throughl thel canaliculi.
QUESTION
Al 22-year-oldl competitivel gymnastl hasl experiencedl amenorrheal forl thel pastl 5l years.l
Herl PCPl isl suspectingl thatl shel mayl havel prematurel osteoporosis.l Wouldl youl expectl
herl OPGl levelsl tol bel high,l normal,l orl low?l Explainl whyl herl levelsl wouldl bel atl thisl
level.
Answer:
Herl OPGl levelsl wouldl bel low.l Amenorrheal resultsl inl lowerl estrogenl levels.l Estrogenl
increasesl thel productionl ofl OPGl inl turnl decreasingl osteoclastl activity.l Ifl estrogenl levelsl
arel low,l OPGl levelsl wouldl alsol bel lowl resultingl inl increasedl osteoclastl activity.
QUESTION
, Al 68-year-old,l whitel Caucasianl femalel hasl al DEXAl scanl atl thel recommendationl ofl herl
PCP.l Herl scanl yieldedl al T-scorel ofl -0.9.l Interpretl thel resultsl ofl herl DEXAl scan.l
Developl al treatmentl planl givingl al pharmacologicl recommendationl ifl applicablel (bel
specificl withl namel ofl supplementl and/orl classl ofl drug),l andl al non-pharmacologicl
recommendation.
Answer:
Thisl T-scorel indicatesl normall bonel density;l however,l becausel ofl thisl patient'sl age,l race,l
andl gender,l shel shouldl takel al Calciuml supplementl asl welll asl al Vitaminl Dl supplement.l
Shel shouldl alsol bel participatingl inl regularl weightl bearingl activitiesl suchl asl walkingl orl
evenl resistancel exercise.
QUESTION
Al 72-year-oldl malel isl saidl tol bel inl phasel 2l ofl gout.l Hel isl obesel andl hasl al historyl ofl
alcoholl abuse.l Developl al treatmentl planl includingl specificl pharmacologicl interventionl
andl al non-pharmacologicl recommendationl tol managel hisl disease.
Answer:
Phasel 2l ofl goutl isl acutel goutl arthritis.l Thel goall ofl treatmentl inl thisl phasel isl tol
controll inflammationl andl pain.l Colchicinel isl al prescriptionl drugl thatl couldl bel usedl tol
treatl hisl acutel inflammation.l NSAIDSl canl alsol bel usedl tol treatl inflammationl andl
managel pain.l Thisl patientl shouldl bel encouragedl tol losel weightl andl decreasel hisl
alcoholl consumption.l Hel shouldl alsol avoidl purinel richl foodsl suchl asl fish,l bacon,l andl
liver.l (*Notel -l thel studentl hasl tol providel 1l pharmacologicl interventionl andl 1l non-
pharmacologicl recommendation.)
QUESTION
Al patientl hasl al bilaterall presentationl ofl painl inl thel PIPl jointsl ofl thel hands.l Youl
believel thisl painl isl duel tol arthritisl butl arel unsurel whetherl itl isl al resultl ofl RAl orl OA.l
Whatl arel 3l questionsl youl couldl askl thisl patientl tol helpl youl differentiatel betweenl RAl
andl OA?
Answer:
1.l Dol youl experiencel stiffnessl inl thel morning?l 2.l Ifl so,l doesl itl lastl lessl thanl orl
longerl thanl 30l minutes?l 3.l Doesl prolongedl movementl aggravatel orl alleviatel yourl
2025/l 2026l Update)l Pathophysiologyl |l
Questionsl &l Answers|l Gradel A|l 100%l
Correctl (Verifiedl Solutions)-l Portagel
Learning
QUESTION
Al patientl presentsl tol thel ERl withl severel painl inl theirl rightl ankle.l Bloodl testsl reveall
seruml uricl acidl levelsl ofl 7.8l mg/dL.l Theyl arel keptl forl observationl andl theirl 24-hrl
urinel specimenl revealsl underexcretionl ofl urate.l Whichl phasel ofl goutl arel theyl in?l Whatl
isl thel goall ofl yourl treatmentl givenl thel phasel theyl arel in?
Answer:
Thisl patientl isl inl phasel 2l ofl goutl orl acutel goutl arthritis.l Thel goall ofl treatmentl isl tol
managel symptomsl andl terminatel thel acutel attackl primarilyl throughl NSAIDS.
QUESTION
Whichl ofl thel followingl patientsl isl atl greaterl riskl forl developingl osteoporosisl andl
sustainingl al fracture?l Explainl howl youl camel tol yourl conclusion.l Patientl A.l isl al 75-
year-oldl whitel Caucasianl malel whol hasl al historyl ofl al distall radiusl fracturesl atl agel 65.l
Patientl B.l isl al 60-l year-oldl Africanl Americanl femalel whol isl postmenopausal.l Shel isl
activel andl doesl notl havel al historyl ofl fractures.
Answer:
Patientl Al isl atl higherl risk.l Evenl thoughl hel isl al male,l hel isl advancedl inl age,l whitel
Caucasian,l andl sustainedl al fracturel afterl thel agel ofl 50.l Patientl Bl isl al postmenopausall
female;l however,l shel isl activel andl ofl Africanl Americanl decentl whichl isl associatedl withl
highl BMDl andl lowl ratesl ofl fracture.
,QUESTION
Al 60-year-old,l obesel femalel worksl outl ofl herl homel andl rarelyl walksl duel tol thel
sedentaryl naturel ofl herl job.l Givel 2l reasonsl whyl shel isl atl increasedl riskl forl developingl
OA.
Answer:
Shel isl al femalel overl thel agel ofl 55;l shel isl obese,l andl shel isl relativelyl sedentaryl
whichl contributesl tol thel decreasedl nourishmentl ofl thel jointl thatl comesl withl weightl
bearingl andl rangel ofl motion.l (*Notel -l studentl onlyl needsl tol providel 2l reasons.)
QUESTION
Comparel andl contrastl thel bloodl supplyl ofl corticall bonel andl cancellousl bone.
Answer:
Corticall bonel hasl al directl bloodl supply.l Nutrientl andl Perforatingl arteriesl forml anl
anastomosisl (collaterall circulation)l thatl circulatesl throughl thel bonel throughl thel
Haversianl andl Volkmannl canals.l Cancellousl bonel doesl notl havel al directl bloodl supply.l
Itl receivesl itsl bloodl supplyl throughl diffusionl froml thel endosteall bonel surfacel extendingl
outwardl throughl thel canaliculi.
QUESTION
Al 22-year-oldl competitivel gymnastl hasl experiencedl amenorrheal forl thel pastl 5l years.l
Herl PCPl isl suspectingl thatl shel mayl havel prematurel osteoporosis.l Wouldl youl expectl
herl OPGl levelsl tol bel high,l normal,l orl low?l Explainl whyl herl levelsl wouldl bel atl thisl
level.
Answer:
Herl OPGl levelsl wouldl bel low.l Amenorrheal resultsl inl lowerl estrogenl levels.l Estrogenl
increasesl thel productionl ofl OPGl inl turnl decreasingl osteoclastl activity.l Ifl estrogenl levelsl
arel low,l OPGl levelsl wouldl alsol bel lowl resultingl inl increasedl osteoclastl activity.
QUESTION
, Al 68-year-old,l whitel Caucasianl femalel hasl al DEXAl scanl atl thel recommendationl ofl herl
PCP.l Herl scanl yieldedl al T-scorel ofl -0.9.l Interpretl thel resultsl ofl herl DEXAl scan.l
Developl al treatmentl planl givingl al pharmacologicl recommendationl ifl applicablel (bel
specificl withl namel ofl supplementl and/orl classl ofl drug),l andl al non-pharmacologicl
recommendation.
Answer:
Thisl T-scorel indicatesl normall bonel density;l however,l becausel ofl thisl patient'sl age,l race,l
andl gender,l shel shouldl takel al Calciuml supplementl asl welll asl al Vitaminl Dl supplement.l
Shel shouldl alsol bel participatingl inl regularl weightl bearingl activitiesl suchl asl walkingl orl
evenl resistancel exercise.
QUESTION
Al 72-year-oldl malel isl saidl tol bel inl phasel 2l ofl gout.l Hel isl obesel andl hasl al historyl ofl
alcoholl abuse.l Developl al treatmentl planl includingl specificl pharmacologicl interventionl
andl al non-pharmacologicl recommendationl tol managel hisl disease.
Answer:
Phasel 2l ofl goutl isl acutel goutl arthritis.l Thel goall ofl treatmentl inl thisl phasel isl tol
controll inflammationl andl pain.l Colchicinel isl al prescriptionl drugl thatl couldl bel usedl tol
treatl hisl acutel inflammation.l NSAIDSl canl alsol bel usedl tol treatl inflammationl andl
managel pain.l Thisl patientl shouldl bel encouragedl tol losel weightl andl decreasel hisl
alcoholl consumption.l Hel shouldl alsol avoidl purinel richl foodsl suchl asl fish,l bacon,l andl
liver.l (*Notel -l thel studentl hasl tol providel 1l pharmacologicl interventionl andl 1l non-
pharmacologicl recommendation.)
QUESTION
Al patientl hasl al bilaterall presentationl ofl painl inl thel PIPl jointsl ofl thel hands.l Youl
believel thisl painl isl duel tol arthritisl butl arel unsurel whetherl itl isl al resultl ofl RAl orl OA.l
Whatl arel 3l questionsl youl couldl askl thisl patientl tol helpl youl differentiatel betweenl RAl
andl OA?
Answer:
1.l Dol youl experiencel stiffnessl inl thel morning?l 2.l Ifl so,l doesl itl lastl lessl thanl orl
longerl thanl 30l minutes?l 3.l Doesl prolongedl movementl aggravatel orl alleviatel yourl
