NUR 372- Exam 4- HIV/AIDS (immune) Questions with Correct Answers Graded A+
transmission - Answers BODY FLUIDS- blood, seminal fluid, vaginal secretionss, amniotic fluid, breast
milk
the higher the level of HIV, - Answers the higher the probability of infection through those fluids
high risk groups - Answers •IV drug users that share needles
•Unprotected sex with an HIV+ partner
•Infants born to untreated HIV+ mothers and/or breastfed by HIV+ women
HIV is a - Answers retrovirus because it carries its genetic material in the form of ribonucleic acid (RNA)
rather than deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
HIV targets cells with - Answers •CD4+ receptors, which are expressed on the surface of T lymphocytes,
monocytes, dendritic cells, and brain microglia
HIV causes less - Answers helper T cells to be produced
so, these pts get sick and die.. the actual virus does not kill them
best hope for prevention - Answers education
HIV is transmitted most often in three ways - Answers sexual
parenteral
perinatal
sexual - Answers genital
anal
oral
parenteral - Answers Sharing needles or equipment contaminated with infected blood or receiving
contaminated blood products.
perinatal - Answers From the placenta, from contact with maternal blood and body fluids (birth/breast
milk)
protection against contraction - Answers •Use of condoms and dental dams (anal, vaginal, and oral sex)
•Lubrication use, especially during anal sex
•Do not share needles. Needle exchange programs
, •Circumcision for heterosexual men/ homosexual men who top
pre- exposure prophylaxis (PreP) - Answers •For Serodiscordant (one has HIV, one does not) couples and
those with high risk lifestyles.
•Must follow up every three months with provider.
•Acute and chronic hepatitis B must be ruled out prior to use, as does HIV.
HIV testing - Answers antibody test
nucleic acid test (NAT)
antibody test - Answers ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay)
Westerm blot
OTC home test
ELISA and western blot - Answers result in 30 min
OTC home test - Answers result in 20 min
NAT - Answers results in several days
•Detects actual virus in the blood
•Can detect infection faster than antibody tests
HIV RNA quantification - Answers viral load test
HIV drug resistance testing - Answers •Guides changes in medication therapy if resistance develops
if ELISA is positive - Answers confirm this with the Western Blot. If both tests are positive there is over
99% chance the client is positive.
HIV infection stage 1
-CD4+ count
-CD4+ % of total lympcytes
-AIDS defining consition - Answers >500 cells
>26%
transmission - Answers BODY FLUIDS- blood, seminal fluid, vaginal secretionss, amniotic fluid, breast
milk
the higher the level of HIV, - Answers the higher the probability of infection through those fluids
high risk groups - Answers •IV drug users that share needles
•Unprotected sex with an HIV+ partner
•Infants born to untreated HIV+ mothers and/or breastfed by HIV+ women
HIV is a - Answers retrovirus because it carries its genetic material in the form of ribonucleic acid (RNA)
rather than deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
HIV targets cells with - Answers •CD4+ receptors, which are expressed on the surface of T lymphocytes,
monocytes, dendritic cells, and brain microglia
HIV causes less - Answers helper T cells to be produced
so, these pts get sick and die.. the actual virus does not kill them
best hope for prevention - Answers education
HIV is transmitted most often in three ways - Answers sexual
parenteral
perinatal
sexual - Answers genital
anal
oral
parenteral - Answers Sharing needles or equipment contaminated with infected blood or receiving
contaminated blood products.
perinatal - Answers From the placenta, from contact with maternal blood and body fluids (birth/breast
milk)
protection against contraction - Answers •Use of condoms and dental dams (anal, vaginal, and oral sex)
•Lubrication use, especially during anal sex
•Do not share needles. Needle exchange programs
, •Circumcision for heterosexual men/ homosexual men who top
pre- exposure prophylaxis (PreP) - Answers •For Serodiscordant (one has HIV, one does not) couples and
those with high risk lifestyles.
•Must follow up every three months with provider.
•Acute and chronic hepatitis B must be ruled out prior to use, as does HIV.
HIV testing - Answers antibody test
nucleic acid test (NAT)
antibody test - Answers ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay)
Westerm blot
OTC home test
ELISA and western blot - Answers result in 30 min
OTC home test - Answers result in 20 min
NAT - Answers results in several days
•Detects actual virus in the blood
•Can detect infection faster than antibody tests
HIV RNA quantification - Answers viral load test
HIV drug resistance testing - Answers •Guides changes in medication therapy if resistance develops
if ELISA is positive - Answers confirm this with the Western Blot. If both tests are positive there is over
99% chance the client is positive.
HIV infection stage 1
-CD4+ count
-CD4+ % of total lympcytes
-AIDS defining consition - Answers >500 cells
>26%
