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THE PRACTICE OF NURSING RESEARCH, 7TH EDITION
BY GROVE, BURNS, GRAY|ALL CHAPTERS
,Table of Contents
Chapter 1: Discovering The World Of Nursing Research ....................................................................................... 3
Chapter 2: Evolution Of Research In Building Evidence-Based Nursing Practice ............................................... 12
Chapter 3: Introduction To Quantitative Research ................................................................................................ 24
Chapter 4: Introduction To Qualitative Research .................................................................................................. 36
Chapter 5: Research Problem And Purpose ........................................................................................................... 42
Chapter 8: Objectives, Questions, Hypotheses And Study Variables .................................................................... 62
Chapter 9: Ethics In Research ................................................................................................................................ 74
Chapter 9: Ethics In Research ................................................................................................................................ 92
Chapter 11: Selecting A Quantitative Research Design ...................................................................................... 127
Chapter 12: Qualitative Research Methodology .................................................................................................. 141
Chapter 13: Outcomes Research .......................................................................................................................... 149
Chapter 14: Intervention-Based Research ........................................................................................................... 157
Chapter 16: Measurement Concepts .................................................................................................................... 183
Chapter 17: Measurement Methods Used In Developing Evidence-Based Practice ........................................... 194
Chapter 19: Evidence Synthesis And Strategies For Evidence-Based Practice .................................................. 206
Chapter 20: Collecting And Managing Data ....................................................................................................... 212
Chapter 21: Introduction To Statistical Analysis ................................................................................................. 219
Chapter 24: Using Statistics To Predict ............................................................................................................... 245
Chapter 26: Interpreting Research Outcomes ...................................................................................................... 256
Chapter 27: Disseminating Research Findings .................................................................................................... 265
Chapter 29: Seeking Funding For Research ........................................................................................................ 279
,Chapter 1: Discovering The World Of Nursing Research
Multiple Choice
1. Nurses With A Bachelor’s Degree In Nursing Can Participate In The Implementation Of
Evidence- Based Protocols In Practice. This Means That The Bsn Nurse
a. Develops Evidence-Based Guidelines
b. Designs Research Studies, On Which Protocols May Be Based
c. Evaluates And Revises Evidence-Based Protocols
d. Contributes Practice Wisdom When Applying Protocols In Patient Settings
e. Mentors Phd Researchers In The Clinical Setting During Protocol Development
Ans: D
Nurses With A Bsn Degree Have Knowledge Of The Research Process And Skills In
Reading And Critically Appraising Studies. They Assist With The Implementation Of
Evidence-Based Guidelines, Protocols, Algorithms, And Policies In Practice. This Implies
That Nurses Provide Their Point Of View, From The Clinician’s Vantage, When New
Protocols Are Being Put Into Practice, And Continue To Provide Feedback, Regarding
The Positive And Negative Aspects Of Those Protocols.
Dif: Cognitive Level: Analysis
Ref: Page 4
2. Research Is Designed To Test The Idea Of Providing Companion Dogs To Elders In A Major
Hospital, In Order To Determine The Effect Upon The Elders’ Level Of Orientation. (The
Dogs’ Level Of Orientation Will Not Be A Focus Of The Research.) This Type Of Study Can
Do Which Of The Following?
a. Control
b. Describe
c. Explain
d. Predict
Ans: A
Control Is The Ability To Manipulate The Situation To Produce The Desired Outcome.
Description Involves Identifying And Understanding The Nature Of Nursing Phenomena
And, Sometimes, The Relationships Among Them. Explanation Clarifies The Relationships
Among Phenomena And Identifies The Reasons Why Certain Events Occur. The Ability To
Estimate The Probability Of A Specific Outcome In A Given Situation In Nursing Practice
Is Known As Prediction. The Researcher’s Focus Is On Predicting What Is Likely.
Dif: Cognitive Level: Application
Ref: Page 13
3. A Researcher Wants To Find Out Whether Children With Autism Who Are Hospitalized On
A Pediatric Ward Will Require More Hours Of Nursing Care Than Average Children When
The Parents Or Caregivers Are Not Present. What Type Of Research Outcome Does This
Provide?
a. Control
b. Description
c. Explantation
d. Prediction
, Ans: D
Control Is The Ability To Manipulate The Situation To Produce The Desired Outcome.
Description Involves Identifying And Understanding The Nature Of Nursing Phenomena
And, Sometimes, The Relationships Among Them. Explanation Clarifies The Relationships
Among Phenomena And Identifies The Reasons Why Certain Events Occur. The Ability To
Estimate The Probability Of A Specific Outcome In A Given Situation In Nursing Practice
Is Known As Prediction. The Researcher’s Focus Is On Predicting What Is Likely.
Dif: Cognitive Level: Application
Ref: Page 16
4. A Researcher Who Desires To Determine The Cause-And-Effect Relationship Between
Requiring That All Children Under The Age Of 8 Will Ride In Special Care Harnesses And
The Subsequent Rate Of Children’s Spinal Cord Injury Will Consequently Utilize Which
Form Of Nursing Research?
a. Descriptive Research
b. Outcomes Research
c. Qualitative Research
d. Quantitative Research
Ans: D
Quantitative Research, The Most Frequently Used Method, Is A Formal, Objective,
Systematic Methodology To Describe Variables, Test Relationships, And Examine Cause-
And-Effect Interactions. Quantitative Research Includes Experimental Research, Which
Is The Method For Testing Cause-And-Effect Relationships Between And Among Specific
Variables. Qualitative Research Methods Are Used For Explaining Meanings And
Describing Experiences In Context. Descriptive Research Involves Identifying And
Understanding The Nature Of Phenomena And, Sometimes, The Relationships Among
Them. Outcomes Research Examines The End Result Of Care In Huge Populations, Most
Often Retrospectively, Using A Database.
Dif: Cognitive Level: Application
Ref: Page 3
5. Despite The Presence Of An Intraventricular Drain, The Intracranial Pressure Of An Icu
Neuro Patient Remains Increased. The Nurse Recalibrates The Machine, Makes Sure The
Monitor Is On The Same Level As The Drain, Checks All Connections, And Then Notifies
The Physician, Who Comes To The Unit And Inserts A New Drain. What Type Of Reasoning
Prompts The Nurse To Recalibrate, Ensure Proper Placement, And Check Connections?
a. Abstract Reasoning
b. Concrete Thinking
c. Logistic Reasoning
d. Reality Testing
Ans: C
Logistic Reasoning Is Used To Break A Whole Into Parts That Can Be Carefully
Examined. Concrete Thinking Is Oriented Toward And Limited By Tangible Things Or By
Events That Are Observed And Experienced In Reality. Abstract Reasoning Is Oriented
Toward The Development Of An Idea Without Application To, Or Association With, A
Particular Instance. Reality Testing Is Used To Validate What Is Observed In The
Empirical World.
Dif: Cognitive Level: Application
, Ref: Page 6
6. A Nurse With Considerable Clinical Expertise Develops A Policy For Managing Agitated
Patients In The Emergency Department. The Resultant Policy Emanates From
, a. Abstract Reasoning
b. Concrete Thinking
c. Logistic Reasoning
d. Reality Testing
Ans: A
Abstract Reasoning Is Oriented Toward The Development Of An Idea Without Application
To, Or Association With, A Particular Instance. Concrete Thinking Is Oriented Toward
And Limited By Tangible Things Or By Events That Are Observed And Experienced In
Reality. Logistic Reasoning Is Used To Break A Whole Into Parts That Can Be Carefully
Examined. Reality Testing Is Used To Validate What Is Observed In The Empirical World.
Dif: Cognitive Level: Application
Ref: Page 7
7. A Nurse With Considerable Clinical Expertise Develops A Policy For Managing Agitated
Patients In The Emergency Department. The Type Of Reasoning The Nurse Uses To Do
This Is ______Reasoning.
a. Problematic
b. Operational
c. Logistic
d. Inductive
Ans: D
Inductive Reasoning Involves Reasoning That Moves From The Specific To The General,
Whereby Particular Instances Are Observed And Then Combined Into A Larger Whole Or
General Statement. Problematic Reasoning Involves (1) Identifying A Problem And Factors
Influencing It, (2) Selecting Solutions To The Problem, And (3) Resolving The Problem.
Operational Reasoning Involves The Identification Of And Discrimination Among Many
Alternatives And Viewpoints.
Logistic Reasoning Is Used To Break The Whole Into Parts That Can Be Carefully
Examined, As The Relationships Among The Parts Can Also Be.
Dif: Cognitive Level: Synthesis
Ref: Page 7
8. What Is The Best Explanation Of Intuition That Forms A Legitimate Source Of
Knowledge In Nursing?
a. It Is Based On Knowledge Thoroughly Incorporated Into Thought But
Seldom Articulated.
b. It Is Based On A Gift From The Universe And Should Be Honored When It Arrives.
c. It Is Never Inaccurate.
d. It Is A Revisiting Of Old Knowledge, Accompanied By Deep Reflection.
Ans: A
Intuition Is The Revisiting Of Old Knowledge Accompanied By Deep Reflection.
Dif: Cognitive Level: Application
Ref: Page 5
9. Why Is Operational Reasoning Necessary For Research?
a. Abstract Concepts Are Of No Use To Nursing.
b. Standard Interventions Are Obtained From Operational Reasoning.
,c. It Allows The Researcher To Measure The Concepts Studied.
d. It Facilitates The Researcher’s Rapport With Families.
, Ans: C
Operational Reasoning Involves The Identification Of And Discrimination Among Many
Alternatives And Viewpoints. It Focuses On The Process (Debating Alternatives) Rather
Than On The Resolution. Nurses Use Operational Reasoning To Develop Realistic,
Measurable Health Goals.
Thus, Operational Reasoning Takes Abstract Concepts And Makes Them Focused,
Concrete, And, Therefore, Researchable.
Dif: Cognitive Level: Application
Ref: Page 6
Multiple Response
1. What Are The Connections Between Evidence-Based Practice And Nursing Research?
(Select All That Apply.)
a. Evidence-Based Care Cannot Be Provided To Patients Without The
Nurse Understanding Something Of Research.
b. A Synthesis Of Current Research Within An Area Of Nursing Is Used To Improve
Care In That Area.
c. All Patients With A Given Diagnosis Should Be Cared For Based Solely On
Research Knowledge.
d. Nursing Diagnosis And Management Depend On A Practitioner’s Exploration Of
Best Research Evidence.
e. Nursing Research Provides Evidence That Allows Us Each To Practice With
The Same Style And Capability.
Ans: A, B, D
Evidence-Based Practice In Nursing Requires A Strong Body Of Research Knowledge That
Nurses Must Synthesize And Use To Promote Quality Care For Their Patients, Families, And
Communities. In Order To Synthesize And Use Research Appropriately, A Nurse Must
Understand It. A Nurse Must Explore The Best Research Evidence About A Practice Problem
Before Using His Or Her Clinical Expertise To Diagnose And Manage An Individual
Patient’s Health Problem. Not All Patients Are Treated In The Same Way, However. Because
Reality Can Vary With Perception, And Because The Facts Can Be Relative, Nurses Do Not
Impose Their Views On Patients. Rather, Nurses Help Patients Seek Health From Within The
Patients’ Worldviews. This Is A Critical Component Of Evidence- Based Practice.
Dif: Cognitive Level: Analysis Ref: Page 11
2. What Is The Hospitalized Patient’s Place In Evidence-Based Practice? (Select All That Apply.)
a. The Patient Is The Recipient Of The Total Of Formal Research Evidence And The
Nurse’s Practice Wisdom, And These Represent The Patient’s Care Plan.
b. The Patient Brings Values To The Clinical Encounter, Which The Nurse
Considers In Providing Evidence-Based Care.
c. The Patient Provides A Valuable Source Of Knowledge, Since Each Patient
Cared For Contributes To The Nurse’s Total Practice Wisdom.
d. The Patient Is The Focus Of Research. The Patient Serves Both As A Recipient Of
Evidence-Based Research And The Subject Of Future Evidence, Based On Data
Collected Now From The Patient.
e. The Patient May Always Refuse To Participate—In Evidence-Based Care, In
Therapies, In Research Participation—And This Refusal Must Be Honored.
, Ans: B, C, E
Because Reality Can Vary With Perception, And Because The Facts Can Be Relative, Nurses
Do Not Impose Their Views On Patients. Rather, Nurses Help Patients Seek Health From
Within The Patients’ Worldviews. This Is A Critical Component Of Evidence-Based Practice.
The Nurse’s Individual Wisdom Is Based Upon The Nurse’s Actual Practice, Over Time.
Dif: Cognitive Level: Analysis Ref: Page 11
3. In Nursing Mentorship, As Opposed To Authority, The Novice Nurse Fills Which Of The
Following Roles? (Select All That Apply.)
a. Counselor
b. Student
c. Sponsor
d. Disciplinarian
e. Teacher
f. Questioner
g. Apprentice
Ans: B, F, G
An Intense Form Of Role-Modeling Is Mentorship. In A Mentorship, The Expert Nurse—Or
Mentor
—Serves As A Teacher, Sponsor, Guide, Exemplar, And Counselor For The Novice Nurse.
Over Time, The Relationship Morphs Into A Colleague Relationship In Which Both Mentor
And Mentee Share Information And Exchange Ideas In A Cooperative Spirit.
Dif: Cognitive Level: Analysis Ref: Page 10
4. How Are Dialectic Reasoning And Holistic Practice Similar? (Select All That Apply.)
a. They Are Both Based On Intuition, Not Facts.
b. They Both Consider The Whole, Rather Than One Part Of The Picture.
c. Dialectic Reasoning Emphasizes Truth And Holistic Practice Accepts Untruth.
d. They Both Ignore The Main Idea Or Diagnosis And Concentrate On Different Entities.
e. They Both Honor Context And The Interactions Among Ideas And People.
f. They Both Break Down Concepts Into Understandable Parts.
g. Dialectic Reasoning Can Be Used To Validate A Study Design, Whereas
Holistic Practice Does Not Contribute To Research.
Ans: B, E, F
Dialectic Reasoning Involves Looking At Situations In A Holistic Way. A Dialectic Thinker
Believes That The Whole Is Greater Than The Sum Of The Parts And That The Whole
Organizes The Parts.
Dif: Cognitive Level: Synthesis Ref: Page 6
5. Which Of The Following Statements Synopsize The Relationship Between Research And
Practice? (Select All That Apply.)
a. Practice Limits Nursing Research To Issues That Are Client-Centered.
b. Research Participation Helps Nurses To Meet Re-Licensure Requirements For
Evidence- Based Practice.
c. Research Knowledge, Combined With Experiential Wisdom, Constitutes The
Base For Practice.
d. Research Emphasizes What Can Be Done In Practice, Rather Than What Has
Been Done In Practice.
THE PRACTICE OF NURSING RESEARCH, 7TH EDITION
BY GROVE, BURNS, GRAY|ALL CHAPTERS
,Table of Contents
Chapter 1: Discovering The World Of Nursing Research ....................................................................................... 3
Chapter 2: Evolution Of Research In Building Evidence-Based Nursing Practice ............................................... 12
Chapter 3: Introduction To Quantitative Research ................................................................................................ 24
Chapter 4: Introduction To Qualitative Research .................................................................................................. 36
Chapter 5: Research Problem And Purpose ........................................................................................................... 42
Chapter 8: Objectives, Questions, Hypotheses And Study Variables .................................................................... 62
Chapter 9: Ethics In Research ................................................................................................................................ 74
Chapter 9: Ethics In Research ................................................................................................................................ 92
Chapter 11: Selecting A Quantitative Research Design ...................................................................................... 127
Chapter 12: Qualitative Research Methodology .................................................................................................. 141
Chapter 13: Outcomes Research .......................................................................................................................... 149
Chapter 14: Intervention-Based Research ........................................................................................................... 157
Chapter 16: Measurement Concepts .................................................................................................................... 183
Chapter 17: Measurement Methods Used In Developing Evidence-Based Practice ........................................... 194
Chapter 19: Evidence Synthesis And Strategies For Evidence-Based Practice .................................................. 206
Chapter 20: Collecting And Managing Data ....................................................................................................... 212
Chapter 21: Introduction To Statistical Analysis ................................................................................................. 219
Chapter 24: Using Statistics To Predict ............................................................................................................... 245
Chapter 26: Interpreting Research Outcomes ...................................................................................................... 256
Chapter 27: Disseminating Research Findings .................................................................................................... 265
Chapter 29: Seeking Funding For Research ........................................................................................................ 279
,Chapter 1: Discovering The World Of Nursing Research
Multiple Choice
1. Nurses With A Bachelor’s Degree In Nursing Can Participate In The Implementation Of
Evidence- Based Protocols In Practice. This Means That The Bsn Nurse
a. Develops Evidence-Based Guidelines
b. Designs Research Studies, On Which Protocols May Be Based
c. Evaluates And Revises Evidence-Based Protocols
d. Contributes Practice Wisdom When Applying Protocols In Patient Settings
e. Mentors Phd Researchers In The Clinical Setting During Protocol Development
Ans: D
Nurses With A Bsn Degree Have Knowledge Of The Research Process And Skills In
Reading And Critically Appraising Studies. They Assist With The Implementation Of
Evidence-Based Guidelines, Protocols, Algorithms, And Policies In Practice. This Implies
That Nurses Provide Their Point Of View, From The Clinician’s Vantage, When New
Protocols Are Being Put Into Practice, And Continue To Provide Feedback, Regarding
The Positive And Negative Aspects Of Those Protocols.
Dif: Cognitive Level: Analysis
Ref: Page 4
2. Research Is Designed To Test The Idea Of Providing Companion Dogs To Elders In A Major
Hospital, In Order To Determine The Effect Upon The Elders’ Level Of Orientation. (The
Dogs’ Level Of Orientation Will Not Be A Focus Of The Research.) This Type Of Study Can
Do Which Of The Following?
a. Control
b. Describe
c. Explain
d. Predict
Ans: A
Control Is The Ability To Manipulate The Situation To Produce The Desired Outcome.
Description Involves Identifying And Understanding The Nature Of Nursing Phenomena
And, Sometimes, The Relationships Among Them. Explanation Clarifies The Relationships
Among Phenomena And Identifies The Reasons Why Certain Events Occur. The Ability To
Estimate The Probability Of A Specific Outcome In A Given Situation In Nursing Practice
Is Known As Prediction. The Researcher’s Focus Is On Predicting What Is Likely.
Dif: Cognitive Level: Application
Ref: Page 13
3. A Researcher Wants To Find Out Whether Children With Autism Who Are Hospitalized On
A Pediatric Ward Will Require More Hours Of Nursing Care Than Average Children When
The Parents Or Caregivers Are Not Present. What Type Of Research Outcome Does This
Provide?
a. Control
b. Description
c. Explantation
d. Prediction
, Ans: D
Control Is The Ability To Manipulate The Situation To Produce The Desired Outcome.
Description Involves Identifying And Understanding The Nature Of Nursing Phenomena
And, Sometimes, The Relationships Among Them. Explanation Clarifies The Relationships
Among Phenomena And Identifies The Reasons Why Certain Events Occur. The Ability To
Estimate The Probability Of A Specific Outcome In A Given Situation In Nursing Practice
Is Known As Prediction. The Researcher’s Focus Is On Predicting What Is Likely.
Dif: Cognitive Level: Application
Ref: Page 16
4. A Researcher Who Desires To Determine The Cause-And-Effect Relationship Between
Requiring That All Children Under The Age Of 8 Will Ride In Special Care Harnesses And
The Subsequent Rate Of Children’s Spinal Cord Injury Will Consequently Utilize Which
Form Of Nursing Research?
a. Descriptive Research
b. Outcomes Research
c. Qualitative Research
d. Quantitative Research
Ans: D
Quantitative Research, The Most Frequently Used Method, Is A Formal, Objective,
Systematic Methodology To Describe Variables, Test Relationships, And Examine Cause-
And-Effect Interactions. Quantitative Research Includes Experimental Research, Which
Is The Method For Testing Cause-And-Effect Relationships Between And Among Specific
Variables. Qualitative Research Methods Are Used For Explaining Meanings And
Describing Experiences In Context. Descriptive Research Involves Identifying And
Understanding The Nature Of Phenomena And, Sometimes, The Relationships Among
Them. Outcomes Research Examines The End Result Of Care In Huge Populations, Most
Often Retrospectively, Using A Database.
Dif: Cognitive Level: Application
Ref: Page 3
5. Despite The Presence Of An Intraventricular Drain, The Intracranial Pressure Of An Icu
Neuro Patient Remains Increased. The Nurse Recalibrates The Machine, Makes Sure The
Monitor Is On The Same Level As The Drain, Checks All Connections, And Then Notifies
The Physician, Who Comes To The Unit And Inserts A New Drain. What Type Of Reasoning
Prompts The Nurse To Recalibrate, Ensure Proper Placement, And Check Connections?
a. Abstract Reasoning
b. Concrete Thinking
c. Logistic Reasoning
d. Reality Testing
Ans: C
Logistic Reasoning Is Used To Break A Whole Into Parts That Can Be Carefully
Examined. Concrete Thinking Is Oriented Toward And Limited By Tangible Things Or By
Events That Are Observed And Experienced In Reality. Abstract Reasoning Is Oriented
Toward The Development Of An Idea Without Application To, Or Association With, A
Particular Instance. Reality Testing Is Used To Validate What Is Observed In The
Empirical World.
Dif: Cognitive Level: Application
, Ref: Page 6
6. A Nurse With Considerable Clinical Expertise Develops A Policy For Managing Agitated
Patients In The Emergency Department. The Resultant Policy Emanates From
, a. Abstract Reasoning
b. Concrete Thinking
c. Logistic Reasoning
d. Reality Testing
Ans: A
Abstract Reasoning Is Oriented Toward The Development Of An Idea Without Application
To, Or Association With, A Particular Instance. Concrete Thinking Is Oriented Toward
And Limited By Tangible Things Or By Events That Are Observed And Experienced In
Reality. Logistic Reasoning Is Used To Break A Whole Into Parts That Can Be Carefully
Examined. Reality Testing Is Used To Validate What Is Observed In The Empirical World.
Dif: Cognitive Level: Application
Ref: Page 7
7. A Nurse With Considerable Clinical Expertise Develops A Policy For Managing Agitated
Patients In The Emergency Department. The Type Of Reasoning The Nurse Uses To Do
This Is ______Reasoning.
a. Problematic
b. Operational
c. Logistic
d. Inductive
Ans: D
Inductive Reasoning Involves Reasoning That Moves From The Specific To The General,
Whereby Particular Instances Are Observed And Then Combined Into A Larger Whole Or
General Statement. Problematic Reasoning Involves (1) Identifying A Problem And Factors
Influencing It, (2) Selecting Solutions To The Problem, And (3) Resolving The Problem.
Operational Reasoning Involves The Identification Of And Discrimination Among Many
Alternatives And Viewpoints.
Logistic Reasoning Is Used To Break The Whole Into Parts That Can Be Carefully
Examined, As The Relationships Among The Parts Can Also Be.
Dif: Cognitive Level: Synthesis
Ref: Page 7
8. What Is The Best Explanation Of Intuition That Forms A Legitimate Source Of
Knowledge In Nursing?
a. It Is Based On Knowledge Thoroughly Incorporated Into Thought But
Seldom Articulated.
b. It Is Based On A Gift From The Universe And Should Be Honored When It Arrives.
c. It Is Never Inaccurate.
d. It Is A Revisiting Of Old Knowledge, Accompanied By Deep Reflection.
Ans: A
Intuition Is The Revisiting Of Old Knowledge Accompanied By Deep Reflection.
Dif: Cognitive Level: Application
Ref: Page 5
9. Why Is Operational Reasoning Necessary For Research?
a. Abstract Concepts Are Of No Use To Nursing.
b. Standard Interventions Are Obtained From Operational Reasoning.
,c. It Allows The Researcher To Measure The Concepts Studied.
d. It Facilitates The Researcher’s Rapport With Families.
, Ans: C
Operational Reasoning Involves The Identification Of And Discrimination Among Many
Alternatives And Viewpoints. It Focuses On The Process (Debating Alternatives) Rather
Than On The Resolution. Nurses Use Operational Reasoning To Develop Realistic,
Measurable Health Goals.
Thus, Operational Reasoning Takes Abstract Concepts And Makes Them Focused,
Concrete, And, Therefore, Researchable.
Dif: Cognitive Level: Application
Ref: Page 6
Multiple Response
1. What Are The Connections Between Evidence-Based Practice And Nursing Research?
(Select All That Apply.)
a. Evidence-Based Care Cannot Be Provided To Patients Without The
Nurse Understanding Something Of Research.
b. A Synthesis Of Current Research Within An Area Of Nursing Is Used To Improve
Care In That Area.
c. All Patients With A Given Diagnosis Should Be Cared For Based Solely On
Research Knowledge.
d. Nursing Diagnosis And Management Depend On A Practitioner’s Exploration Of
Best Research Evidence.
e. Nursing Research Provides Evidence That Allows Us Each To Practice With
The Same Style And Capability.
Ans: A, B, D
Evidence-Based Practice In Nursing Requires A Strong Body Of Research Knowledge That
Nurses Must Synthesize And Use To Promote Quality Care For Their Patients, Families, And
Communities. In Order To Synthesize And Use Research Appropriately, A Nurse Must
Understand It. A Nurse Must Explore The Best Research Evidence About A Practice Problem
Before Using His Or Her Clinical Expertise To Diagnose And Manage An Individual
Patient’s Health Problem. Not All Patients Are Treated In The Same Way, However. Because
Reality Can Vary With Perception, And Because The Facts Can Be Relative, Nurses Do Not
Impose Their Views On Patients. Rather, Nurses Help Patients Seek Health From Within The
Patients’ Worldviews. This Is A Critical Component Of Evidence- Based Practice.
Dif: Cognitive Level: Analysis Ref: Page 11
2. What Is The Hospitalized Patient’s Place In Evidence-Based Practice? (Select All That Apply.)
a. The Patient Is The Recipient Of The Total Of Formal Research Evidence And The
Nurse’s Practice Wisdom, And These Represent The Patient’s Care Plan.
b. The Patient Brings Values To The Clinical Encounter, Which The Nurse
Considers In Providing Evidence-Based Care.
c. The Patient Provides A Valuable Source Of Knowledge, Since Each Patient
Cared For Contributes To The Nurse’s Total Practice Wisdom.
d. The Patient Is The Focus Of Research. The Patient Serves Both As A Recipient Of
Evidence-Based Research And The Subject Of Future Evidence, Based On Data
Collected Now From The Patient.
e. The Patient May Always Refuse To Participate—In Evidence-Based Care, In
Therapies, In Research Participation—And This Refusal Must Be Honored.
, Ans: B, C, E
Because Reality Can Vary With Perception, And Because The Facts Can Be Relative, Nurses
Do Not Impose Their Views On Patients. Rather, Nurses Help Patients Seek Health From
Within The Patients’ Worldviews. This Is A Critical Component Of Evidence-Based Practice.
The Nurse’s Individual Wisdom Is Based Upon The Nurse’s Actual Practice, Over Time.
Dif: Cognitive Level: Analysis Ref: Page 11
3. In Nursing Mentorship, As Opposed To Authority, The Novice Nurse Fills Which Of The
Following Roles? (Select All That Apply.)
a. Counselor
b. Student
c. Sponsor
d. Disciplinarian
e. Teacher
f. Questioner
g. Apprentice
Ans: B, F, G
An Intense Form Of Role-Modeling Is Mentorship. In A Mentorship, The Expert Nurse—Or
Mentor
—Serves As A Teacher, Sponsor, Guide, Exemplar, And Counselor For The Novice Nurse.
Over Time, The Relationship Morphs Into A Colleague Relationship In Which Both Mentor
And Mentee Share Information And Exchange Ideas In A Cooperative Spirit.
Dif: Cognitive Level: Analysis Ref: Page 10
4. How Are Dialectic Reasoning And Holistic Practice Similar? (Select All That Apply.)
a. They Are Both Based On Intuition, Not Facts.
b. They Both Consider The Whole, Rather Than One Part Of The Picture.
c. Dialectic Reasoning Emphasizes Truth And Holistic Practice Accepts Untruth.
d. They Both Ignore The Main Idea Or Diagnosis And Concentrate On Different Entities.
e. They Both Honor Context And The Interactions Among Ideas And People.
f. They Both Break Down Concepts Into Understandable Parts.
g. Dialectic Reasoning Can Be Used To Validate A Study Design, Whereas
Holistic Practice Does Not Contribute To Research.
Ans: B, E, F
Dialectic Reasoning Involves Looking At Situations In A Holistic Way. A Dialectic Thinker
Believes That The Whole Is Greater Than The Sum Of The Parts And That The Whole
Organizes The Parts.
Dif: Cognitive Level: Synthesis Ref: Page 6
5. Which Of The Following Statements Synopsize The Relationship Between Research And
Practice? (Select All That Apply.)
a. Practice Limits Nursing Research To Issues That Are Client-Centered.
b. Research Participation Helps Nurses To Meet Re-Licensure Requirements For
Evidence- Based Practice.
c. Research Knowledge, Combined With Experiential Wisdom, Constitutes The
Base For Practice.
d. Research Emphasizes What Can Be Done In Practice, Rather Than What Has
Been Done In Practice.
