NUR 408 Exam 1 Questions And Answers With
Complete Solutions
Describe feelings of helplessness ANS disorganization, fear, anxiety
what is a defense mechanism that enables the patient to cope with threatening circumstances ANS denial
What is troponin ANS it is myocardial muscle protein released into the blood stream when there is injury
to myocardial muscle
troponin T and I: ANS are not found in healthy people so any rise in these values indicates cardiac necrosis
or acute MI
what is significant about troponins T and I: ANS they have a wide time frame so they are helpful for
patients who present several hours after chest pain
the appearance of CK indicates: ANS tissue necrosis or injury to the brain, skeletal muscle, or myocardium
CK-MM is the predominate isoenzyme of: ANS skeletal muscle
CK-MB is the predominate isoenzyme of: ANS myocardial muscle
CK-BB is the predominate isoenzyme of: ANS brain
when is the peak level for CK-MB after chest pain ANS 24 hours
Elaborate on the CK-MB subforms (CK-MB1, CK-MB2) ANS they can occur early as 2 hours after MI
and remain elevated for up to 12 hours after MI. They are very sensitive and specific to early diagnostic
markers of MI
What is the earliest marker detected for MI?
Where is it located? ANS myoglobin
,in skeletal and cardiac muscle
Elevated lipid levels are considered a risk for ______? ANS CAD
therapeutic level for cholesterol: ANS less than 200mg/dL
therapeutic levels for troponin T:
therapeutic levels for troponin I: ANS <0.1ng/mL
<0.03 ng/mL
therapeutic level for triglycerides: ANS 40-160mg/dL for men
35-45mg/dL for women
Therapeutic levels for HDL (high density lipoproteins)
("good" cholesterol) ANS more than 45mg/dL for men
more than 55mg/dL for women
therapeutic level for LDL (low density lipoproteins) ANS <130mg/dL
HDL contains mainly _______ with 20% cholesterol.
LDL contains mainly _______. ANS protein
cholesterol
elevated LDL levels are positively related to_____ whereas elevated HDL levels are negatively related and
appear as protection from this. ANS CAD
LDL pattern A is associated with _________ resistance.
LDL pattern B is associated with _________ resistance. ANS non-insulin
insulin
, Homocystein: elevated values may be an independent risk factor for the development of _____. ANS CVD
Problems with hypokalemia: ANS increased electrical instability
ventricular dysrhythmias
increased risk for digitalis toxicity
problems with hyperkalemia: ANS slowed ventricular conduction
peaked T waves on the ECG
contraction followed by asystole) (cardiac standstill
problems with hypocalcemia: ANS ventricular dysryhthmias
prolonged QT interval
cardiac arrest
problems with hypercalcemia: ANS shortens QT interval and causes AV block
digitalis hypersensitivity
cardiac arrest
erythrocyte count is ________ in heart diseases. Why? ANS increased. to compensate for decreased
available oxygen
leukocytes are _______ after an MI. ANS elevated
What are some reasons someone might need a cardiac catheter? ANS to confirm suspected heart disorders
to determine location and extent of disease
to assess stability of the heart
to determine the best therapeutic option
to evaluate effects of invasive treatment on the <3
complications of cardiac catheterization on the right side of the heart: ANS thrombophlebitis
Complete Solutions
Describe feelings of helplessness ANS disorganization, fear, anxiety
what is a defense mechanism that enables the patient to cope with threatening circumstances ANS denial
What is troponin ANS it is myocardial muscle protein released into the blood stream when there is injury
to myocardial muscle
troponin T and I: ANS are not found in healthy people so any rise in these values indicates cardiac necrosis
or acute MI
what is significant about troponins T and I: ANS they have a wide time frame so they are helpful for
patients who present several hours after chest pain
the appearance of CK indicates: ANS tissue necrosis or injury to the brain, skeletal muscle, or myocardium
CK-MM is the predominate isoenzyme of: ANS skeletal muscle
CK-MB is the predominate isoenzyme of: ANS myocardial muscle
CK-BB is the predominate isoenzyme of: ANS brain
when is the peak level for CK-MB after chest pain ANS 24 hours
Elaborate on the CK-MB subforms (CK-MB1, CK-MB2) ANS they can occur early as 2 hours after MI
and remain elevated for up to 12 hours after MI. They are very sensitive and specific to early diagnostic
markers of MI
What is the earliest marker detected for MI?
Where is it located? ANS myoglobin
,in skeletal and cardiac muscle
Elevated lipid levels are considered a risk for ______? ANS CAD
therapeutic level for cholesterol: ANS less than 200mg/dL
therapeutic levels for troponin T:
therapeutic levels for troponin I: ANS <0.1ng/mL
<0.03 ng/mL
therapeutic level for triglycerides: ANS 40-160mg/dL for men
35-45mg/dL for women
Therapeutic levels for HDL (high density lipoproteins)
("good" cholesterol) ANS more than 45mg/dL for men
more than 55mg/dL for women
therapeutic level for LDL (low density lipoproteins) ANS <130mg/dL
HDL contains mainly _______ with 20% cholesterol.
LDL contains mainly _______. ANS protein
cholesterol
elevated LDL levels are positively related to_____ whereas elevated HDL levels are negatively related and
appear as protection from this. ANS CAD
LDL pattern A is associated with _________ resistance.
LDL pattern B is associated with _________ resistance. ANS non-insulin
insulin
, Homocystein: elevated values may be an independent risk factor for the development of _____. ANS CVD
Problems with hypokalemia: ANS increased electrical instability
ventricular dysrhythmias
increased risk for digitalis toxicity
problems with hyperkalemia: ANS slowed ventricular conduction
peaked T waves on the ECG
contraction followed by asystole) (cardiac standstill
problems with hypocalcemia: ANS ventricular dysryhthmias
prolonged QT interval
cardiac arrest
problems with hypercalcemia: ANS shortens QT interval and causes AV block
digitalis hypersensitivity
cardiac arrest
erythrocyte count is ________ in heart diseases. Why? ANS increased. to compensate for decreased
available oxygen
leukocytes are _______ after an MI. ANS elevated
What are some reasons someone might need a cardiac catheter? ANS to confirm suspected heart disorders
to determine location and extent of disease
to assess stability of the heart
to determine the best therapeutic option
to evaluate effects of invasive treatment on the <3
complications of cardiac catheterization on the right side of the heart: ANS thrombophlebitis
