Tulane Psych 1000 Test #2 Exam |204 Questions
with answers (Professor Bethany Rollins)
What is consciousness? - -Our awareness of ourselves and our environment--
the outside world
- Can we be influenced by stimuli of which we are unaware? - -Yes, it is
called priming.
- What is priming? - -When prior exposure to a stimulus influences our
behavior subconsciously. It is the activation of previous associations.
--like if u ask ppl to spell shop and then u ask what u do at a green light--
"stop"
--priming predisposes ur reactions
- What are subliminal stimuli? - -Sensory stimuli below an individual's
threshold for conscious perception
stimuli that are so faint or weak that u don't consciously perceive them
- How effective is subliminal persuasion? - -Can influence people subtly, but
has not had a significant effect in experiments on behavior
-- if u prime w subliminal stimuli like flashing a picture of bread-- ppl can
identify the word butter faster
- What is attention? - -A concentration or focusing on a mental activity.
- What is selective attention? - -The focusing of conscious awareness on a
particular stimulus.
--using ur attention to focus on just one thing while ignoring everything else--
if something changes and u don't notice
- What is the cocktail party effect? - -situations where we r able to pay
attention to just one convo or one voice when there are many convos going
on around us-- you can choose what to focus on and what to ignore
--but if someone in a nearby converstion mentions your name, it immediately
grabs your attention, so that suggests your unconsciously monitering these
other conversations
, - What is divided attention? - -Paying attention to two things at once so
more tasks can be performed at the same time-- its difficult bc attention is a
limited resource
- How does dividing attention affect accuracy? - -Accuracy decreases as
attention divides; brain switches from one task to the other too quickly
the more u try to do the less accurate you'll be
- What is change blindness? - -Failing to notice substantial changes in the
environment and generally the change is something u would think u would
notice if u knew abut it ahead of time
- what is sleep - -natural periodic suspension of consciousness involve
deceased movement and responses
- What is a circadian rhythm? - -A cycle of behavior and physiology that
regulates our internal body clock.-- repeat every 24 hours
- What structure controls circadian rhythms? - -Suprachiasmatic nucleus
(SCN) of the hypothalamus.
- What are some factors influencing whether a person tends to be more alert
in the morning or evening? - -Age, genetic dispositions, gender,
sunlight/surrounding environment.
- What are circadian low-points (when are people at their sleepiest)? - -
Circadian low points occur from 2:00 to 6:00 am and, to a lesser extent, from
2:00 to 6:00 pm. Typically we have a sleep debt, so sleepiness often
becomes manifest in the afternoons.
theres a drop in performance and increase in accidents
1-4 am and pm
- What does an electroencephalogram (EEG) measure? - -An EEG measures
synchronous activity of neurons, or brain waves.
each EEG has a distinctive pattern of brain waves associated w it
- What are the stages of sleep? - -1) Alpha Waves
2) NREM-1 (non-rapid-eye-movement)
3) NREM-2
4) NREM-3 (delta waves)
5) NREM-2 again
6) REM sleep
, - NREM-1 - ---lightest stage of sleep
--easy to wake someone up
--common for hallucinations to occur-- like when you think you're falling
- NREM-2 - --deeper than NREM 1
-spend more time in this stage than the others
- NREM-3 - --slow wave sleep, bc of low freq brain waves
-deepest stage of sleep
-very low heart rate, blood pressure, breathing rate and body temp
-ppl are most likely to sleep walk, sleep talk and wet the bed
- REM sleep - --stands for Rapid Eye Movement
-most dreaming happens here
-"paradoxical sleep"-- you're asleep but internally everything is active-- ur
brain gets more oxygen than when ur awake and heart rate and blood
pressure are like what they r when ur awake
-sleep paralysis- u can't move
- Sleep Cycle - -NR1 -> NR2 -> NR3 -> NR2 -> REM
- How do EEG recordings (brain waves) change during the stages of sleep? -
-The wavelength and amplitude both increase.
- In what order does one progress through the sleep stages during a
complete sleep cycle? - -1) Alpha waves right before and as you fall asleep
2) NREM-1 very light, easily awakened sleep where you might hallucinate
briefly
3) NREM-2 deeper sleep with rapid burst of brain activity
4) NREM-3 deep, slow-wave sleep producing large delta waves
5) then back through NREM-2
6) REM where you dream
- What is slow-wave sleep? - -NREM-2 and NREM-3
- What happens during REM sleep? - -Heart rate rises, breathing becomes
rapid and irregular, and every 30 seconds your eyes dart around. This all
contributes to dreaming.
- Why is REM sleep paradoxical? - -The brain's motor cortex is active, but
your brainstem blocks the messages. You are essentially paralyzed and in a
very deep sleep, but your brain is extremely active.
- Do other animals dream? - -All animals capable of REM sleep dream (i.e.
not fish or insects).
with answers (Professor Bethany Rollins)
What is consciousness? - -Our awareness of ourselves and our environment--
the outside world
- Can we be influenced by stimuli of which we are unaware? - -Yes, it is
called priming.
- What is priming? - -When prior exposure to a stimulus influences our
behavior subconsciously. It is the activation of previous associations.
--like if u ask ppl to spell shop and then u ask what u do at a green light--
"stop"
--priming predisposes ur reactions
- What are subliminal stimuli? - -Sensory stimuli below an individual's
threshold for conscious perception
stimuli that are so faint or weak that u don't consciously perceive them
- How effective is subliminal persuasion? - -Can influence people subtly, but
has not had a significant effect in experiments on behavior
-- if u prime w subliminal stimuli like flashing a picture of bread-- ppl can
identify the word butter faster
- What is attention? - -A concentration or focusing on a mental activity.
- What is selective attention? - -The focusing of conscious awareness on a
particular stimulus.
--using ur attention to focus on just one thing while ignoring everything else--
if something changes and u don't notice
- What is the cocktail party effect? - -situations where we r able to pay
attention to just one convo or one voice when there are many convos going
on around us-- you can choose what to focus on and what to ignore
--but if someone in a nearby converstion mentions your name, it immediately
grabs your attention, so that suggests your unconsciously monitering these
other conversations
, - What is divided attention? - -Paying attention to two things at once so
more tasks can be performed at the same time-- its difficult bc attention is a
limited resource
- How does dividing attention affect accuracy? - -Accuracy decreases as
attention divides; brain switches from one task to the other too quickly
the more u try to do the less accurate you'll be
- What is change blindness? - -Failing to notice substantial changes in the
environment and generally the change is something u would think u would
notice if u knew abut it ahead of time
- what is sleep - -natural periodic suspension of consciousness involve
deceased movement and responses
- What is a circadian rhythm? - -A cycle of behavior and physiology that
regulates our internal body clock.-- repeat every 24 hours
- What structure controls circadian rhythms? - -Suprachiasmatic nucleus
(SCN) of the hypothalamus.
- What are some factors influencing whether a person tends to be more alert
in the morning or evening? - -Age, genetic dispositions, gender,
sunlight/surrounding environment.
- What are circadian low-points (when are people at their sleepiest)? - -
Circadian low points occur from 2:00 to 6:00 am and, to a lesser extent, from
2:00 to 6:00 pm. Typically we have a sleep debt, so sleepiness often
becomes manifest in the afternoons.
theres a drop in performance and increase in accidents
1-4 am and pm
- What does an electroencephalogram (EEG) measure? - -An EEG measures
synchronous activity of neurons, or brain waves.
each EEG has a distinctive pattern of brain waves associated w it
- What are the stages of sleep? - -1) Alpha Waves
2) NREM-1 (non-rapid-eye-movement)
3) NREM-2
4) NREM-3 (delta waves)
5) NREM-2 again
6) REM sleep
, - NREM-1 - ---lightest stage of sleep
--easy to wake someone up
--common for hallucinations to occur-- like when you think you're falling
- NREM-2 - --deeper than NREM 1
-spend more time in this stage than the others
- NREM-3 - --slow wave sleep, bc of low freq brain waves
-deepest stage of sleep
-very low heart rate, blood pressure, breathing rate and body temp
-ppl are most likely to sleep walk, sleep talk and wet the bed
- REM sleep - --stands for Rapid Eye Movement
-most dreaming happens here
-"paradoxical sleep"-- you're asleep but internally everything is active-- ur
brain gets more oxygen than when ur awake and heart rate and blood
pressure are like what they r when ur awake
-sleep paralysis- u can't move
- Sleep Cycle - -NR1 -> NR2 -> NR3 -> NR2 -> REM
- How do EEG recordings (brain waves) change during the stages of sleep? -
-The wavelength and amplitude both increase.
- In what order does one progress through the sleep stages during a
complete sleep cycle? - -1) Alpha waves right before and as you fall asleep
2) NREM-1 very light, easily awakened sleep where you might hallucinate
briefly
3) NREM-2 deeper sleep with rapid burst of brain activity
4) NREM-3 deep, slow-wave sleep producing large delta waves
5) then back through NREM-2
6) REM where you dream
- What is slow-wave sleep? - -NREM-2 and NREM-3
- What happens during REM sleep? - -Heart rate rises, breathing becomes
rapid and irregular, and every 30 seconds your eyes dart around. This all
contributes to dreaming.
- Why is REM sleep paradoxical? - -The brain's motor cortex is active, but
your brainstem blocks the messages. You are essentially paralyzed and in a
very deep sleep, but your brain is extremely active.
- Do other animals dream? - -All animals capable of REM sleep dream (i.e.
not fish or insects).
