NUTR 331 Midterm Study Questions with 100%
Correct Answers
Energy-yielding nutrients
carbohydrates, lipids, proteins
nutrition
the study of the nutrients and other biologically active compounds in foods and in the body;
sometimes also the study of human behaviours related to food.
nutrients
components of food that are indispensable to the body's functioning. They provide energy,
serve as building material, help maintain or repair body parts, and support growth. The
nutrients include water, carbohydrates, fat, protein, vitamins, and minerals.
chronic diseases
long-duration degenerative diseases characterized by deterioration of the body organs.
Examples include heart disease, cancer, and diabetes.
genome
the full complement of genetic material in the chromosomes of a cell. The study of genomes is
genomics.
DNA
an abbreviation for deoxyribonucleic (dee-OX-ee-RYE-bow-nu-CLAY-ick) acid, the molecule that
encodes genetic information in its structure
genes
units of a cell's inheritance, made of the chemical DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). Each gene
directs the making of one or more proteins, which perform important tasks in the body.
, nutritional genomics
the science of how nutrients affect the activities of genes and how genes affect the activities of
nutrients. Also called molecular nutrition or nutrigenomics.
energy
the capacity to do work. The energy in food is chemical energy; it can be converted to
mechanical, electrical, heat, or other forms of energy in the body. Food energy is measured in
Calories, defined in the next section.
organic
carbon containing. Four of the six classes of nutrients are organic: carbohydrate, fat, protein,
and vitamins. Strictly speaking, organic compounds include only those made by living things and
do not include carbon dioxide and a few carbon salts.
energy-yielding nutrients
the nutrients the body can use for energy. They may also supply building blocks for body
structures.
essential nutrients
the nutrients the body cannot make for itself (or cannot make fast enough) from other raw
materials; nutrients that must be obtained from food to prevent deficiencies.
Calories
units of energy. Strictly speaking, the unit used to measure the energy in foods is a kilocalorie
(kcalorie or Calorie): it is the amount of heat energy necessary to raise the temperature of a
kilogram (a litre) of water by one degree Celsius.
grams
units of mass. A gram (g) is the mass of a cubic centimetre (cc) or millilitre (mL) of water under
defined conditions of temperature and pressure. About 28 grams equals an ounce.
Correct Answers
Energy-yielding nutrients
carbohydrates, lipids, proteins
nutrition
the study of the nutrients and other biologically active compounds in foods and in the body;
sometimes also the study of human behaviours related to food.
nutrients
components of food that are indispensable to the body's functioning. They provide energy,
serve as building material, help maintain or repair body parts, and support growth. The
nutrients include water, carbohydrates, fat, protein, vitamins, and minerals.
chronic diseases
long-duration degenerative diseases characterized by deterioration of the body organs.
Examples include heart disease, cancer, and diabetes.
genome
the full complement of genetic material in the chromosomes of a cell. The study of genomes is
genomics.
DNA
an abbreviation for deoxyribonucleic (dee-OX-ee-RYE-bow-nu-CLAY-ick) acid, the molecule that
encodes genetic information in its structure
genes
units of a cell's inheritance, made of the chemical DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). Each gene
directs the making of one or more proteins, which perform important tasks in the body.
, nutritional genomics
the science of how nutrients affect the activities of genes and how genes affect the activities of
nutrients. Also called molecular nutrition or nutrigenomics.
energy
the capacity to do work. The energy in food is chemical energy; it can be converted to
mechanical, electrical, heat, or other forms of energy in the body. Food energy is measured in
Calories, defined in the next section.
organic
carbon containing. Four of the six classes of nutrients are organic: carbohydrate, fat, protein,
and vitamins. Strictly speaking, organic compounds include only those made by living things and
do not include carbon dioxide and a few carbon salts.
energy-yielding nutrients
the nutrients the body can use for energy. They may also supply building blocks for body
structures.
essential nutrients
the nutrients the body cannot make for itself (or cannot make fast enough) from other raw
materials; nutrients that must be obtained from food to prevent deficiencies.
Calories
units of energy. Strictly speaking, the unit used to measure the energy in foods is a kilocalorie
(kcalorie or Calorie): it is the amount of heat energy necessary to raise the temperature of a
kilogram (a litre) of water by one degree Celsius.
grams
units of mass. A gram (g) is the mass of a cubic centimetre (cc) or millilitre (mL) of water under
defined conditions of temperature and pressure. About 28 grams equals an ounce.
