PALS 2025, ALL PALS - and 2025
Exam Questions and Answers
What is the most appropriate precautionary action to minimize gastric inflation during bag-mask
ventilation? - Correct Answer✔️✔️-deliver each breath over about 1 sec
What happens to the arterial oxygen level in a child with severe anemia? - Correct Answer✔️✔️-
may increase when dissolved oxygen is increased
The evaluate-identify-intervene sequence should be continued until - Correct Answer✔️✔️-the
child is stable
How can the CPR coach improve CPR quality in a resuscitation event? - Correct Answer✔️✔️-
Coach to midrange targets
Which is true of increased carbon dioxide tension in arterial blood? - Correct Answer✔️✔️-may be
caused by disordered control of breathing
which of the following statements about respiratory failure is true? - Correct Answer✔️✔️-may
occur without signs of respiratory distress
which is most likely to present in a child who has respiratory distress (not respiratory failure)? -
Correct Answer✔️✔️-ability to maintain patent airway
FOR STUDY PURPOSES ONLY COPYRIGHT © 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
,which of the following is required to appropriately ventilate a child with a flow-inflating bag? -
Correct Answer✔️✔️-tidal volume needs to be delivered at the correct rate
what should be checked to ensure proper function of a bag-mask system? - Correct Answer✔️✔️-
the pop-off valve can be closed
oxygen tubing is connected to the device and the oxygen source
what element of team dynamics describes when a team member needs to correct actions? - Correct
Answer✔️✔️-constructive intervention
when may pulse oximetry be inaccurate? - Correct Answer✔️✔️-the displayed heart rate does not
correlate with the child's heart rate
a chest compression fraction of at least 60% is recommended, and a goal of 80% is often achievable
with good teamwork - Correct Answer✔️✔️-60%, 80%
what is the first step for an intubated child whose condition deteriorates? - Correct Answer✔️✔️-
support oxygenation and ventilation
what are the common cause of upper airway obstruction? - Correct Answer✔️✔️-airway swelling
thick secretions
tonsillar hypertrophy (airway swelling)
which anatomical features may contribute to upper airway obstruction in infants? - Correct
Answer✔️✔️-large tongue
large occiput
FOR STUDY PURPOSES ONLY COPYRIGHT © 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
,what are the signs of upper airway obstruction? - Correct Answer✔️✔️-stridor
use of accessory muscles
which diagnosis may present with upper airway obstruction? - Correct Answer✔️✔️-foreign body
obstruction
epiglottitis
croup
in a less severe case of upper airway obstruction in a child, what intervention can relieve obstruction
caused by the tongue? - Correct Answer✔️✔️-insert an oral airway
a child presents with a barking cough, good air entry during auscultation, a pulse oximetry reading of
93% on room air, and retractions at rest.
what is the severity of the child's presentation? - Correct Answer✔️✔️-moderate croup
an 8 month old boy is brought to the hospital by his parents. He has a hoarse cry and barking cough.
His mother says that during the night, her son had difficulty breathing, which has progressively
worsened throughout the day.
the infant most likely has what type of respiratory emergency? - Correct Answer✔️✔️-Upper
airway obstruction
according to the systematic approach algorithm, what are the correct assessments to perform during
the evaluation phase? - Correct Answer✔️✔️-initial, primary, secondary
the infant is responsive and is breathing.
FOR STUDY PURPOSES ONLY COPYRIGHT © 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 3
, what is an initial measure that you can perform to maintain his airway? - Correct Answer✔️✔️-sit
him up
what are the components of breathing assessment? - Correct Answer✔️✔️-lung and airway sounds
chest expansion and air movement
oxygen saturation
respiratory rate
respiratory effort
when calculating the tube size based on the child's age, to avoid injury to the subglottic area, you
should use an endotracheal tube that is: - Correct Answer✔️✔️-half a size smaller than predicted
for the child
how do infants initially respond to lower airway obstruction? - Correct Answer✔️✔️-decreased
interpleural pressure
the anticipated results of the nebulized treatment should include which of the following
improvements in the patient? - Correct Answer✔️✔️-decreased bronchoconstriction
decreased respiratory effort
decreased airway edema
if the patient does not improve with medication, what is your next intervention to ensure
oxygenation? - Correct Answer✔️✔️-noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation
what are the characteristics of shock? - Correct Answer✔️✔️-decreased level of consciousness
FOR STUDY PURPOSES ONLY COPYRIGHT © 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 4
Exam Questions and Answers
What is the most appropriate precautionary action to minimize gastric inflation during bag-mask
ventilation? - Correct Answer✔️✔️-deliver each breath over about 1 sec
What happens to the arterial oxygen level in a child with severe anemia? - Correct Answer✔️✔️-
may increase when dissolved oxygen is increased
The evaluate-identify-intervene sequence should be continued until - Correct Answer✔️✔️-the
child is stable
How can the CPR coach improve CPR quality in a resuscitation event? - Correct Answer✔️✔️-
Coach to midrange targets
Which is true of increased carbon dioxide tension in arterial blood? - Correct Answer✔️✔️-may be
caused by disordered control of breathing
which of the following statements about respiratory failure is true? - Correct Answer✔️✔️-may
occur without signs of respiratory distress
which is most likely to present in a child who has respiratory distress (not respiratory failure)? -
Correct Answer✔️✔️-ability to maintain patent airway
FOR STUDY PURPOSES ONLY COPYRIGHT © 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
,which of the following is required to appropriately ventilate a child with a flow-inflating bag? -
Correct Answer✔️✔️-tidal volume needs to be delivered at the correct rate
what should be checked to ensure proper function of a bag-mask system? - Correct Answer✔️✔️-
the pop-off valve can be closed
oxygen tubing is connected to the device and the oxygen source
what element of team dynamics describes when a team member needs to correct actions? - Correct
Answer✔️✔️-constructive intervention
when may pulse oximetry be inaccurate? - Correct Answer✔️✔️-the displayed heart rate does not
correlate with the child's heart rate
a chest compression fraction of at least 60% is recommended, and a goal of 80% is often achievable
with good teamwork - Correct Answer✔️✔️-60%, 80%
what is the first step for an intubated child whose condition deteriorates? - Correct Answer✔️✔️-
support oxygenation and ventilation
what are the common cause of upper airway obstruction? - Correct Answer✔️✔️-airway swelling
thick secretions
tonsillar hypertrophy (airway swelling)
which anatomical features may contribute to upper airway obstruction in infants? - Correct
Answer✔️✔️-large tongue
large occiput
FOR STUDY PURPOSES ONLY COPYRIGHT © 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
,what are the signs of upper airway obstruction? - Correct Answer✔️✔️-stridor
use of accessory muscles
which diagnosis may present with upper airway obstruction? - Correct Answer✔️✔️-foreign body
obstruction
epiglottitis
croup
in a less severe case of upper airway obstruction in a child, what intervention can relieve obstruction
caused by the tongue? - Correct Answer✔️✔️-insert an oral airway
a child presents with a barking cough, good air entry during auscultation, a pulse oximetry reading of
93% on room air, and retractions at rest.
what is the severity of the child's presentation? - Correct Answer✔️✔️-moderate croup
an 8 month old boy is brought to the hospital by his parents. He has a hoarse cry and barking cough.
His mother says that during the night, her son had difficulty breathing, which has progressively
worsened throughout the day.
the infant most likely has what type of respiratory emergency? - Correct Answer✔️✔️-Upper
airway obstruction
according to the systematic approach algorithm, what are the correct assessments to perform during
the evaluation phase? - Correct Answer✔️✔️-initial, primary, secondary
the infant is responsive and is breathing.
FOR STUDY PURPOSES ONLY COPYRIGHT © 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 3
, what is an initial measure that you can perform to maintain his airway? - Correct Answer✔️✔️-sit
him up
what are the components of breathing assessment? - Correct Answer✔️✔️-lung and airway sounds
chest expansion and air movement
oxygen saturation
respiratory rate
respiratory effort
when calculating the tube size based on the child's age, to avoid injury to the subglottic area, you
should use an endotracheal tube that is: - Correct Answer✔️✔️-half a size smaller than predicted
for the child
how do infants initially respond to lower airway obstruction? - Correct Answer✔️✔️-decreased
interpleural pressure
the anticipated results of the nebulized treatment should include which of the following
improvements in the patient? - Correct Answer✔️✔️-decreased bronchoconstriction
decreased respiratory effort
decreased airway edema
if the patient does not improve with medication, what is your next intervention to ensure
oxygenation? - Correct Answer✔️✔️-noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation
what are the characteristics of shock? - Correct Answer✔️✔️-decreased level of consciousness
FOR STUDY PURPOSES ONLY COPYRIGHT © 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 4
