PALS 2025 Shock Exam Questions
and Answers
Shock - Correct Answer✔️✔️-Shock is defined as a physiologic state characterized by inadequate
tissue perfusion to meet metabolic demand and tissue oxygenation.
metabolic demand - Correct Answer✔️✔️-what cardiac output is normally equal to
How can shock be characterized? - Correct Answer✔️✔️-By inadequate peripheral and end organ
perfusion. Also it can be characterized by low cardiac output and decreased level of consciousness.
What types of shock can cause a high cardiac output? - Correct Answer✔️✔️-Shock thats caused
by sepsis or anaphylaxis cardiac out put can be high
All types of shock can do what to organs? - Correct Answer✔️✔️-Can result in impared function
of vital organs such as the brain (Decreased level of consciousness) and kidneys ( Low urine output
and ineffective filtering)
What will occur if adequate o2 delivery to the tissues is not maintained? - Correct Answer✔️✔️-
Organ dysfunction
What are the major functions of the cardiopulmonary system? - Correct Answer✔️✔️-Delivers
oxygen to body tissues
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,Removes metabolic by products of cellular metabolism
Tissue hypoxia - Correct Answer✔️✔️-This is present when a region of the body or an organ is
deprived of adequate O2 supply.
What does cardiac output determine and vascular resistance determine? - Correct Answer✔️✔️-
Determines adequate blood flow to the tissues
Cardiac output - Correct Answer✔️✔️-The volume of blood pumped by the heart per minute is
the product of stroke volume and heart rate
Cardia output=Stroke volume X Heart Rate
Stroke volume - Correct Answer✔️✔️-The volume of blood pumped by the ventricles with each
contraction
Cardia output=Stroke volume X Heart Rate - Correct Answer✔️✔️-According to this formula if
the heart rate decreases, stroke volume must increase commensurately to maintain the cardiac
output.
How can cardiac output increase? - Correct Answer✔️✔️-By an increase in heart rate, in stroke
volume or both
What are the limits of increased cardia output produced by increasing heart rate? - Correct
Answer✔️✔️-If the rate is too fast, as can happen with tachyarrhythmias, stroke volume can fall bc
there is inadequate time to fill the heart.
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, As shock develops, compensatory mechanisms attempt to? - Correct Answer✔️✔️-Attempt to
maintain O2 delivery to vital organs
vasoconstriction - Correct Answer✔️✔️-the constriction of blood vessels, which increases blood
pressure.
Name the compensatory mechanisms - Correct Answer✔️✔️-Tachycardia
Increased systemic vascular resistance (SVR) (vasoconstriction)
Increased strength of cardiac contraction (Contractility)
Increase in venous smooth muscle tone
The body's first action to maintain cardiac output is to? - Correct Answer✔️✔️-Is to increase heart
rate, or tachycardia, which can increase cardiac output to a limited degree
When O2 delivery to the tissues is compromised what happens? - Correct Answer✔️✔️-Blood
flow is redirected or shunted from nonvital organs and tissues ( like skin, skeletal muscles, gut,
kidneys) to vital organs like brain, heart
What is another mechanism to maintain stroke volume and cardiac output? - Correct
Answer✔️✔️-Is increased strength of cardiac contractions, or contractility, with more complete
emptying of the ventricles
FOR STUDY PURPOSES ONLY COPYRIGHT © 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 3
and Answers
Shock - Correct Answer✔️✔️-Shock is defined as a physiologic state characterized by inadequate
tissue perfusion to meet metabolic demand and tissue oxygenation.
metabolic demand - Correct Answer✔️✔️-what cardiac output is normally equal to
How can shock be characterized? - Correct Answer✔️✔️-By inadequate peripheral and end organ
perfusion. Also it can be characterized by low cardiac output and decreased level of consciousness.
What types of shock can cause a high cardiac output? - Correct Answer✔️✔️-Shock thats caused
by sepsis or anaphylaxis cardiac out put can be high
All types of shock can do what to organs? - Correct Answer✔️✔️-Can result in impared function
of vital organs such as the brain (Decreased level of consciousness) and kidneys ( Low urine output
and ineffective filtering)
What will occur if adequate o2 delivery to the tissues is not maintained? - Correct Answer✔️✔️-
Organ dysfunction
What are the major functions of the cardiopulmonary system? - Correct Answer✔️✔️-Delivers
oxygen to body tissues
FOR STUDY PURPOSES ONLY COPYRIGHT © 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
,Removes metabolic by products of cellular metabolism
Tissue hypoxia - Correct Answer✔️✔️-This is present when a region of the body or an organ is
deprived of adequate O2 supply.
What does cardiac output determine and vascular resistance determine? - Correct Answer✔️✔️-
Determines adequate blood flow to the tissues
Cardiac output - Correct Answer✔️✔️-The volume of blood pumped by the heart per minute is
the product of stroke volume and heart rate
Cardia output=Stroke volume X Heart Rate
Stroke volume - Correct Answer✔️✔️-The volume of blood pumped by the ventricles with each
contraction
Cardia output=Stroke volume X Heart Rate - Correct Answer✔️✔️-According to this formula if
the heart rate decreases, stroke volume must increase commensurately to maintain the cardiac
output.
How can cardiac output increase? - Correct Answer✔️✔️-By an increase in heart rate, in stroke
volume or both
What are the limits of increased cardia output produced by increasing heart rate? - Correct
Answer✔️✔️-If the rate is too fast, as can happen with tachyarrhythmias, stroke volume can fall bc
there is inadequate time to fill the heart.
FOR STUDY PURPOSES ONLY COPYRIGHT © 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
, As shock develops, compensatory mechanisms attempt to? - Correct Answer✔️✔️-Attempt to
maintain O2 delivery to vital organs
vasoconstriction - Correct Answer✔️✔️-the constriction of blood vessels, which increases blood
pressure.
Name the compensatory mechanisms - Correct Answer✔️✔️-Tachycardia
Increased systemic vascular resistance (SVR) (vasoconstriction)
Increased strength of cardiac contraction (Contractility)
Increase in venous smooth muscle tone
The body's first action to maintain cardiac output is to? - Correct Answer✔️✔️-Is to increase heart
rate, or tachycardia, which can increase cardiac output to a limited degree
When O2 delivery to the tissues is compromised what happens? - Correct Answer✔️✔️-Blood
flow is redirected or shunted from nonvital organs and tissues ( like skin, skeletal muscles, gut,
kidneys) to vital organs like brain, heart
What is another mechanism to maintain stroke volume and cardiac output? - Correct
Answer✔️✔️-Is increased strength of cardiac contractions, or contractility, with more complete
emptying of the ventricles
FOR STUDY PURPOSES ONLY COPYRIGHT © 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 3
