NR601 – Adult-Gerontology Primary Care – Midterm Exam Review with Correct answers
what medication has a reduced clinical effect and reduced rate of absorption in older adults -
correct answer furosemide, lasix
what medication effect is reduced in older adults because of the reduced foot intake/catabolic
disease states and reduced protein concentration with less binding - correct answer warfarin
symptoms of atrial fibrillation - correct answer fatigue, palpitations, shortness of breath, and
lightheadedness
irregularly irregular rhythm
may present emergently with tachycardia, HF, or stroke
______ is an independent risk factor for the development of AF because of atrial fibrosis and
structural remodeling - correct answer age
diagnosis of a fib - correct answer CBC, liver function, electrolytes, renal function, TSH, troponin
Chest plain film
ECG, echocardiogram for structural heart disease and/or thrombus, stress testing, event
monitor, EP studies
Overnight oximetry, sleep study
risk of _____ is predicted by the CHADS2Vasc model, with increasing risk correlating with higher
CHADS2Vasc score - correct answer a fib stroke
treatment of a fib - correct answer anticoagulant
Watchman device
Beta blockers and nondihydropiridine calcium-channel blockers (diltiazem and verapamil) for
rate control
Less often - amiodarone or digoxin for rate control
_____ a fib refers to patients with mechanical valves and/or moderate/severe mitral stenosis.
This group of patients are recommended to use ______ for anticoagulation - correct answer
valvular, warfarin
____ a fib patients may be candidates for direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) therapy, a newer
class of medication that includes - correct answer nonvalvular, eliquis/apixaban
the higher the _____ score, the higher the patients risk for a fib stroke - correct answer
CHADS2Vasc
what does CHADS2Vasc score stand for - correct answer Congestive heart failure: 1
Hypertension: 1
,NR601 – Adult-Gerontology Primary Care – Midterm Exam Review with Correct answers
Age >75yo: 1
Diabetes: 1
Stroke/TIA: 2
Vascular disease:1
Age 65-74: 1
Sc - sex (female): 1
goal BP in patients older than 60 - correct answer SBP <150, DBP <90
what medications are first line treatment for HTN in older adults - correct answer thiazide
diuretics, calcium channel blockers (-dipine)
too small of a cuff will cause the BP to be - correct answer elevated
what medications can increase BP - correct answer NSAIDs, steroids, decongestants
HTN stage 1 - correct answer SBP 130-139 or DBP 80-89
HTN stage 2 - correct answer SBP >140 or DBP >90
elevated BP - correct answer SBP 120-129 and DBP <80
non pharmacological treatment for HTN - correct answer WEIGHT LOSS, physical activity,
reduce salt intake, heart healthy diet (DASH), potassium supplementation, stop smoking,
moderation of alcohol consumption
men should limit their alcohol intake to less than ___ drinks/day when managing HTN - correct
answer 2
women should limit their alcohol intake to less than ____ drink/day when managing HTN -
correct answer 1
if target BP is not reached within __ _____ after initiating medication therapy, the dosage of
the initial medication should be increased, or a second medication should be added - correct
answer 1 month
what race is more likely to have high BP - correct answer african american
thyroid disease can do what to BP - correct answer increase
what are the risk factors for HTN - correct answer aging, obesity, physical inactivity, insulin
resistance, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia, smoking, excessive alcohol intake
Aging is associated with a progressive increase in ____ of the large vessels - correct answer
stiffness
, NR601 – Adult-Gerontology Primary Care – Midterm Exam Review with Correct answers
if the patient is <60 yo, they should start taking meds for HTN when they're blood pressure hits
- correct answer SBP >140 or DBP >90
age leads to a ___ ___ ___ (the difference between SBP and DBP) as people age, this is a better
predictor of heart disease than either SBP or DBP - correct answer widening pulse pressure
symptoms of heart disease - correct answer chest pain, SOB, fatigue,
dizziness/lightheadedness, palpitations, sweating, swelling in legs or ankles
what is the primary risk factor for developing atherosclerosis - correct answer older age
classic symptoms of heart failure in older adults - correct answer SOB with exertion, orthopnea,
paroxysmal orthopnea dyspnea, lower extremity swelling, decrease in exercise tolerance,
fatigue/low energy, cough, weight gain, weakness
atypical symptoms of heart failure in older adults - correct answer abdominal discomfort or
bloating, anorexia or weight loss, nausea, change in bowel habits, nocturia, chest pain,
insomnia, syncope, depression, falls, irritable, lethargy, confusion
diagnosis of heart failure - correct answer elevated JVP
S3 or S4 gallop
Pulmonary rales
chest x-ray - cardiomegaly
12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG)
CMP
CBC
BNP
NT-proBNP
Troponin
transthoracic echocardiogram
cardiology consult
COPD symptoms - correct answer dyspnea, chronic cough, sputum production, wheezing, and
chest pain
sarcopenia (gradual loss of muscle mass), increases in inflammatory biomarkers, and reduced
exercise capacity
what medication has a reduced clinical effect and reduced rate of absorption in older adults -
correct answer furosemide, lasix
what medication effect is reduced in older adults because of the reduced foot intake/catabolic
disease states and reduced protein concentration with less binding - correct answer warfarin
symptoms of atrial fibrillation - correct answer fatigue, palpitations, shortness of breath, and
lightheadedness
irregularly irregular rhythm
may present emergently with tachycardia, HF, or stroke
______ is an independent risk factor for the development of AF because of atrial fibrosis and
structural remodeling - correct answer age
diagnosis of a fib - correct answer CBC, liver function, electrolytes, renal function, TSH, troponin
Chest plain film
ECG, echocardiogram for structural heart disease and/or thrombus, stress testing, event
monitor, EP studies
Overnight oximetry, sleep study
risk of _____ is predicted by the CHADS2Vasc model, with increasing risk correlating with higher
CHADS2Vasc score - correct answer a fib stroke
treatment of a fib - correct answer anticoagulant
Watchman device
Beta blockers and nondihydropiridine calcium-channel blockers (diltiazem and verapamil) for
rate control
Less often - amiodarone or digoxin for rate control
_____ a fib refers to patients with mechanical valves and/or moderate/severe mitral stenosis.
This group of patients are recommended to use ______ for anticoagulation - correct answer
valvular, warfarin
____ a fib patients may be candidates for direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) therapy, a newer
class of medication that includes - correct answer nonvalvular, eliquis/apixaban
the higher the _____ score, the higher the patients risk for a fib stroke - correct answer
CHADS2Vasc
what does CHADS2Vasc score stand for - correct answer Congestive heart failure: 1
Hypertension: 1
,NR601 – Adult-Gerontology Primary Care – Midterm Exam Review with Correct answers
Age >75yo: 1
Diabetes: 1
Stroke/TIA: 2
Vascular disease:1
Age 65-74: 1
Sc - sex (female): 1
goal BP in patients older than 60 - correct answer SBP <150, DBP <90
what medications are first line treatment for HTN in older adults - correct answer thiazide
diuretics, calcium channel blockers (-dipine)
too small of a cuff will cause the BP to be - correct answer elevated
what medications can increase BP - correct answer NSAIDs, steroids, decongestants
HTN stage 1 - correct answer SBP 130-139 or DBP 80-89
HTN stage 2 - correct answer SBP >140 or DBP >90
elevated BP - correct answer SBP 120-129 and DBP <80
non pharmacological treatment for HTN - correct answer WEIGHT LOSS, physical activity,
reduce salt intake, heart healthy diet (DASH), potassium supplementation, stop smoking,
moderation of alcohol consumption
men should limit their alcohol intake to less than ___ drinks/day when managing HTN - correct
answer 2
women should limit their alcohol intake to less than ____ drink/day when managing HTN -
correct answer 1
if target BP is not reached within __ _____ after initiating medication therapy, the dosage of
the initial medication should be increased, or a second medication should be added - correct
answer 1 month
what race is more likely to have high BP - correct answer african american
thyroid disease can do what to BP - correct answer increase
what are the risk factors for HTN - correct answer aging, obesity, physical inactivity, insulin
resistance, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia, smoking, excessive alcohol intake
Aging is associated with a progressive increase in ____ of the large vessels - correct answer
stiffness
, NR601 – Adult-Gerontology Primary Care – Midterm Exam Review with Correct answers
if the patient is <60 yo, they should start taking meds for HTN when they're blood pressure hits
- correct answer SBP >140 or DBP >90
age leads to a ___ ___ ___ (the difference between SBP and DBP) as people age, this is a better
predictor of heart disease than either SBP or DBP - correct answer widening pulse pressure
symptoms of heart disease - correct answer chest pain, SOB, fatigue,
dizziness/lightheadedness, palpitations, sweating, swelling in legs or ankles
what is the primary risk factor for developing atherosclerosis - correct answer older age
classic symptoms of heart failure in older adults - correct answer SOB with exertion, orthopnea,
paroxysmal orthopnea dyspnea, lower extremity swelling, decrease in exercise tolerance,
fatigue/low energy, cough, weight gain, weakness
atypical symptoms of heart failure in older adults - correct answer abdominal discomfort or
bloating, anorexia or weight loss, nausea, change in bowel habits, nocturia, chest pain,
insomnia, syncope, depression, falls, irritable, lethargy, confusion
diagnosis of heart failure - correct answer elevated JVP
S3 or S4 gallop
Pulmonary rales
chest x-ray - cardiomegaly
12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG)
CMP
CBC
BNP
NT-proBNP
Troponin
transthoracic echocardiogram
cardiology consult
COPD symptoms - correct answer dyspnea, chronic cough, sputum production, wheezing, and
chest pain
sarcopenia (gradual loss of muscle mass), increases in inflammatory biomarkers, and reduced
exercise capacity
