Biology STAAR EOC Review UPDATED
ACTUAL Exam Questions and CORRECT
Answers
Biomolecules - CORRECT ANSWER - organic molecules which combine to form living
organisms; includes carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids
carbohydrates - CORRECT ANSWER - biomolecule of carbon,hydrogen and oxygen
combined in 1:2:1 ratio; include simple and complex sugars; molecules which store energy, add
structure, & provide sugars for DNA and RNA; monomer - monosaccharaide ; polymer -
polysaccharide
lipids - CORRECT ANSWER - biomolecule composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen;
includes fats,oils, waxes and sterols; important component of cell membranes
proteins - CORRECT ANSWER - biomolecule composed of nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen
and oxygen; made up of monomer amino acids; enzyme is an example
nucleic acids - CORRECT ANSWER - biomolecule made up of nucleotides; nucleotides
contain a phosphate sugar and nitrogen base; examples include DNA and RNA
monomer - CORRECT ANSWER - single unit ; small piece of biomolecule
polymer - CORRECT ANSWER - multi piece unit; made up of smaller monomers
dehydration synthesis - CORRECT ANSWER - A chemical reaction that builds up
molecules by losing water molecules
hydrolysis - CORRECT ANSWER - The process of splitting a compound into fragments
with the addition of water; a kind of reaction that is used to break down polymers into simpler
units, e.g. starch into glucose.
, organic molecule - CORRECT ANSWER - An organic compound always contains carbon;
Examples : carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids.
prokaryotic - CORRECT ANSWER - an organism whose cell generally lacks a true
nucleus Examples: bacterial cells
eukaryotic - CORRECT ANSWER - organism possessing a membrane-bound nucleus ;
animals, plants, fungi, and protists
homeostasis - CORRECT ANSWER - The tendency of an organism or a cell to regulate its
internal conditions, usually by a system of feedback controls or feedback loops, so as to stabilize
health and functioning, regardless of the outside changing conditions ex: sweating when hot
virus - CORRECT ANSWER - A submicroscopic infectious agent that is unable to grow
or reproduce outside a host cell. It is non-cellular but consisting of a core of DNA or RNA
surrounded by a protein coat.
lytic infection - CORRECT ANSWER - viral infection which immediately makes host sick
by destroying cells
lysogenic infection - CORRECT ANSWER - viral disease which remain dormant for a
time and causes no symptoms
human immunodeficiency virus - CORRECT ANSWER - HIV caused AIDS or Aquired
Immune Deficiency by destroying a special white blood cell known as a Helper T cell
deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) - CORRECT ANSWER - double-stranded nucleic acid
found in the nucleus which provides instruction for making proteins; provides hereditary
information
ACTUAL Exam Questions and CORRECT
Answers
Biomolecules - CORRECT ANSWER - organic molecules which combine to form living
organisms; includes carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids
carbohydrates - CORRECT ANSWER - biomolecule of carbon,hydrogen and oxygen
combined in 1:2:1 ratio; include simple and complex sugars; molecules which store energy, add
structure, & provide sugars for DNA and RNA; monomer - monosaccharaide ; polymer -
polysaccharide
lipids - CORRECT ANSWER - biomolecule composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen;
includes fats,oils, waxes and sterols; important component of cell membranes
proteins - CORRECT ANSWER - biomolecule composed of nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen
and oxygen; made up of monomer amino acids; enzyme is an example
nucleic acids - CORRECT ANSWER - biomolecule made up of nucleotides; nucleotides
contain a phosphate sugar and nitrogen base; examples include DNA and RNA
monomer - CORRECT ANSWER - single unit ; small piece of biomolecule
polymer - CORRECT ANSWER - multi piece unit; made up of smaller monomers
dehydration synthesis - CORRECT ANSWER - A chemical reaction that builds up
molecules by losing water molecules
hydrolysis - CORRECT ANSWER - The process of splitting a compound into fragments
with the addition of water; a kind of reaction that is used to break down polymers into simpler
units, e.g. starch into glucose.
, organic molecule - CORRECT ANSWER - An organic compound always contains carbon;
Examples : carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids.
prokaryotic - CORRECT ANSWER - an organism whose cell generally lacks a true
nucleus Examples: bacterial cells
eukaryotic - CORRECT ANSWER - organism possessing a membrane-bound nucleus ;
animals, plants, fungi, and protists
homeostasis - CORRECT ANSWER - The tendency of an organism or a cell to regulate its
internal conditions, usually by a system of feedback controls or feedback loops, so as to stabilize
health and functioning, regardless of the outside changing conditions ex: sweating when hot
virus - CORRECT ANSWER - A submicroscopic infectious agent that is unable to grow
or reproduce outside a host cell. It is non-cellular but consisting of a core of DNA or RNA
surrounded by a protein coat.
lytic infection - CORRECT ANSWER - viral infection which immediately makes host sick
by destroying cells
lysogenic infection - CORRECT ANSWER - viral disease which remain dormant for a
time and causes no symptoms
human immunodeficiency virus - CORRECT ANSWER - HIV caused AIDS or Aquired
Immune Deficiency by destroying a special white blood cell known as a Helper T cell
deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) - CORRECT ANSWER - double-stranded nucleic acid
found in the nucleus which provides instruction for making proteins; provides hereditary
information
