Biology STAAR Review UPDATED
ACTUAL Exam Questions and CORRECT
Answers
Base-Pairing Rules - CORRECT ANSWER - DNA: A-T & C-G; RNA: A-U & C-G.
Cytoplasm - CORRECT ANSWER - Gel-like substance in all living cells.
DNA - CORRECT ANSWER - Double-stranded molecule containing GCAT nucleotides.
RNA - CORRECT ANSWER - Single-stranded molecule containing GCAU nucleotides.
S Phase - CORRECT ANSWER - Phase of cell cycle where DNA replicates.
Transcription - CORRECT ANSWER - Process of converting DNA to mRNA. Happens in
Nucleus.
Translation - CORRECT ANSWER - Process of synthesizing proteins from mRNA.
Happens in Ribosome.
Codon - CORRECT ANSWER - Three mRNA bases coding for an amino acid.
mRNA - CORRECT ANSWER - Carries genetic information from DNA to ribosome.
tRNA - CORRECT ANSWER - Delivers amino acids to ribosome for protein synthesis.
rRNA - CORRECT ANSWER - Structural component of ribosomes.
, Photosynthesis - CORRECT ANSWER - Converts sunlight into glucose and oxygen.
Happens in Chloroplast.
Cellular Respiration - CORRECT ANSWER - Process converting glucose and oxygen into
ATP. Happens in Mitochondria.
Chemical Reactions - CORRECT ANSWER - Reactants transform into products.
Primary Succession - CORRECT ANSWER - Ecosystem development starting from bare
rock.
Secondary Succession - CORRECT ANSWER - Ecosystem recovery starting from soil.
Trophic Levels - CORRECT ANSWER - Producer --> Primary Consumer --> Secondary
Consumer --> Tertiary Consumer
10% Rule - CORRECT ANSWER - Only 10% of energy transfers between trophic levels.
90% lost as heat.
Fitness - CORRECT ANSWER - Ability to produce more offspring than competitors.
Enzymes - CORRECT ANSWER - Proteins that speed up chemical reactions by lowering
activation energy
Punnett Square - CORRECT ANSWER - Tool for predicting genetic trait inheritance.
Homozygous Dominant - CORRECT ANSWER - Genotype with two dominant alleles
(BB).
ACTUAL Exam Questions and CORRECT
Answers
Base-Pairing Rules - CORRECT ANSWER - DNA: A-T & C-G; RNA: A-U & C-G.
Cytoplasm - CORRECT ANSWER - Gel-like substance in all living cells.
DNA - CORRECT ANSWER - Double-stranded molecule containing GCAT nucleotides.
RNA - CORRECT ANSWER - Single-stranded molecule containing GCAU nucleotides.
S Phase - CORRECT ANSWER - Phase of cell cycle where DNA replicates.
Transcription - CORRECT ANSWER - Process of converting DNA to mRNA. Happens in
Nucleus.
Translation - CORRECT ANSWER - Process of synthesizing proteins from mRNA.
Happens in Ribosome.
Codon - CORRECT ANSWER - Three mRNA bases coding for an amino acid.
mRNA - CORRECT ANSWER - Carries genetic information from DNA to ribosome.
tRNA - CORRECT ANSWER - Delivers amino acids to ribosome for protein synthesis.
rRNA - CORRECT ANSWER - Structural component of ribosomes.
, Photosynthesis - CORRECT ANSWER - Converts sunlight into glucose and oxygen.
Happens in Chloroplast.
Cellular Respiration - CORRECT ANSWER - Process converting glucose and oxygen into
ATP. Happens in Mitochondria.
Chemical Reactions - CORRECT ANSWER - Reactants transform into products.
Primary Succession - CORRECT ANSWER - Ecosystem development starting from bare
rock.
Secondary Succession - CORRECT ANSWER - Ecosystem recovery starting from soil.
Trophic Levels - CORRECT ANSWER - Producer --> Primary Consumer --> Secondary
Consumer --> Tertiary Consumer
10% Rule - CORRECT ANSWER - Only 10% of energy transfers between trophic levels.
90% lost as heat.
Fitness - CORRECT ANSWER - Ability to produce more offspring than competitors.
Enzymes - CORRECT ANSWER - Proteins that speed up chemical reactions by lowering
activation energy
Punnett Square - CORRECT ANSWER - Tool for predicting genetic trait inheritance.
Homozygous Dominant - CORRECT ANSWER - Genotype with two dominant alleles
(BB).
