Biology STAAR Review Category 2
UPDATED ACTUAL Exam Questions and
CORRECT Answers
Nucleotide - CORRECT ANSWER - the monomer of DNA and RNA; it has 3 parts:
Phosphate group, nitrogenous Base, and sugar
Nitrogenous bases found in DNA - CORRECT ANSWER - Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine,
and Guanine
Nitrogenous bases found in RNA - CORRECT ANSWER - Adenine, Uracil, Cytosine, and
Guanine
Hydrogen bond - CORRECT ANSWER - bond that hold nitrogenous bases together
DNA base pairing rules - CORRECT ANSWER - A +T; C+G (apples in trees; cars in
garages)
RNA base pairing rules - CORRECT ANSWER - A+U; C+G
Protein Synthesis - CORRECT ANSWER - the process that causes DNA to be expressed
as traits; it has two parts: transcription and translation
Transcription - CORRECT ANSWER - the first part of protein synthesis in which a part of
DNA is copied or transcribed to mRNA
Translation - CORRECT ANSWER - the second part of protein synthesis in which mRNA
is translated by tRNA into amino acids and rRNA puts amino acids together to form a protein
, Mutations - CORRECT ANSWER - changes in DNA that can result in no change, positive
change, or negative change
substitution - CORRECT ANSWER - a type of DNA mutation in which one base is
replaced by another; also called point mutation
insertion - CORRECT ANSWER - a type of DNA mutation in which an extra base is
added to the DNA sequence; also a type of frameshift mutation
deletion - CORRECT ANSWER - a type of DNA mutation in which a base is removed
from the DNA sequence or a type of chromosome mutation in which a part of the chromosome is
removed; also a type of frameshift mutation
Heterozygous - CORRECT ANSWER - having two different alleles (Bb)
Homozygous - CORRECT ANSWER - having two of the same alleles (BB or bb)
Dominant trait - CORRECT ANSWER - trait that only requires on dominant allele to be
expressed (Use capital letter as symbol)
Recessive trait - CORRECT ANSWER - trait that requires 2 recessive alleles to be
expressed (Use lower case letter as symbol)
Genotype - CORRECT ANSWER - the alleles (letter combinations) that make up a gene
Phenotype - CORRECT ANSWER - the physical expression of an organism's DNA
(Example: Blue eyes)
Monohybrid cross - CORRECT ANSWER - a Punnett square that predicts the possibility
of offspring having one trait (Know how to do this!)
UPDATED ACTUAL Exam Questions and
CORRECT Answers
Nucleotide - CORRECT ANSWER - the monomer of DNA and RNA; it has 3 parts:
Phosphate group, nitrogenous Base, and sugar
Nitrogenous bases found in DNA - CORRECT ANSWER - Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine,
and Guanine
Nitrogenous bases found in RNA - CORRECT ANSWER - Adenine, Uracil, Cytosine, and
Guanine
Hydrogen bond - CORRECT ANSWER - bond that hold nitrogenous bases together
DNA base pairing rules - CORRECT ANSWER - A +T; C+G (apples in trees; cars in
garages)
RNA base pairing rules - CORRECT ANSWER - A+U; C+G
Protein Synthesis - CORRECT ANSWER - the process that causes DNA to be expressed
as traits; it has two parts: transcription and translation
Transcription - CORRECT ANSWER - the first part of protein synthesis in which a part of
DNA is copied or transcribed to mRNA
Translation - CORRECT ANSWER - the second part of protein synthesis in which mRNA
is translated by tRNA into amino acids and rRNA puts amino acids together to form a protein
, Mutations - CORRECT ANSWER - changes in DNA that can result in no change, positive
change, or negative change
substitution - CORRECT ANSWER - a type of DNA mutation in which one base is
replaced by another; also called point mutation
insertion - CORRECT ANSWER - a type of DNA mutation in which an extra base is
added to the DNA sequence; also a type of frameshift mutation
deletion - CORRECT ANSWER - a type of DNA mutation in which a base is removed
from the DNA sequence or a type of chromosome mutation in which a part of the chromosome is
removed; also a type of frameshift mutation
Heterozygous - CORRECT ANSWER - having two different alleles (Bb)
Homozygous - CORRECT ANSWER - having two of the same alleles (BB or bb)
Dominant trait - CORRECT ANSWER - trait that only requires on dominant allele to be
expressed (Use capital letter as symbol)
Recessive trait - CORRECT ANSWER - trait that requires 2 recessive alleles to be
expressed (Use lower case letter as symbol)
Genotype - CORRECT ANSWER - the alleles (letter combinations) that make up a gene
Phenotype - CORRECT ANSWER - the physical expression of an organism's DNA
(Example: Blue eyes)
Monohybrid cross - CORRECT ANSWER - a Punnett square that predicts the possibility
of offspring having one trait (Know how to do this!)
